Aylwardstown Glenmore
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Vernacular Barns: Glenmore & Ontario
Recently Richard Corcelli shared some information and photos of barn raisings in Ontario, Canada from sometime around the turn of the twentieth century. In many respects the building of barns in Ontario and Glenmore at the time were similar in that both were examples of vernacular architecture. “Vernacular architecture refers to buildings outside the academic or professional architectural tradition. Vernacular building methods and building styles are handed down during the building process by demonstration, rather than by architects’ plans.” These buildings were built by local builders or semi-skilled builders and followed local tradition, limited by local needs, using available building materials. (“Vernacular Buildings” in Art & Architecture of Ireland, Vol. IV: Architecture 1600-2000, Andrew Carpenter (ed.) Royal Irish Academy (2015) p. 330). See our post of 13 June 2024 featuring several old photos of the Murphy family of Ontario, Canada, in the early 20th century shared by Richard.
Irish Vernacular Barns
Vernacular farm buildings in Ireland cannot be readily dated, but examples earlier than 1750 are considered rare. Use of timber as a walling material ceased by this time and outhouses [farm buildings] were built in various Irish regions by mud walling or of rubble stone laid in earthen mortar, with thatched roofs and white washed. (“Vernacular Farmsteads” in Art & Architecture of Ireland, Vol. IV: Architecture 1600-2000, Andrew Carpenter (ed.) Royal Irish Academy (2015) p. 337).
Barns were often the largest structures in Irish farmsteads, and were especially important in the tillage regions of south Leinster and east Munster…often housing lofts for grain and shuttered window openings onto the haggard where corn was stored and threshed. Barns generally had one door and a single slit window for ventilation. Stables and byres were commonly lower structures with cobbled floors. (“Vernacular Farmsteads” in Art & Architecture of Ireland, Vol. IV: Architecture 1600-2000, Andrew Carpenter (ed.) Royal Irish Academy (2015) p. 337). There are still a large number of stone barns across Glenmore, but they no longer feature thatch roofs.
It was not uncommon for Irish stone buildings, no longer in use, to have their stones re-used to build other structures or walls. Danny Dowling noted that the stones from the early church in Hanrahan’s field (across from the present Creamery in Glenmore Village) were used to build the walls around St. James’s Church of Glenmore.
Ontario Vernacular Barns
An unusual event for the Murphy family of Ontario, Canada in the late 19th-early 20th century era was the communal barn raising “bee” where 60-100 men and boys would gather to erect a barn. Women and girls would also gather to prepare the meals for the huge work crew.
The photo above of the men sitting atop the skeleton of a barn being raised was found by Richard Corcelli in his grandparent’s archives, so it likely the featured barn raising took place in their community in Ontario. The Ontario barns were ‘timber built’ due to the large local forests.
Barns were of the ‘post and beam’ design using 10 inch by 10 inch white pine beams to build the skeleton of the structure followed by pine boards as exterior cladding. Classically, barns in the area were 40 foot x 60 foot, built on a local stone foundation, which would form the stable for winter time housing of cattle and horses. Most barns had four bents, (an engineering term for a transverse frame), so that there was a threshing floor in the middle and two bays on either side for the hay and straw and a built-in granary to one side.
Often, barns were ‘bank’ barns’ with one foundation side built into a shallow hill to provide a ramp so that horse drawn wagon loads of hay or grain could be pulled up onto the central ‘thresh floor’.
The beam framework, or ‘bent’, was built lying on the floor of the barn and then raised into position by many men with long pike poles, first to breast height; then supported with short timber beams while the raisers got a breath, then hoisted to the upright position. As illustrated in the photo some men ‘rode’ the bent to upright, then drove hardwood pegs into previously squared mortise and tenon joints,…no metal nails were used.
The roof was made of decay resistant, split cedar shake shingles, once again using local, natural building materials. Richard’s uncle bought a farm on which the timber barn had burned but the stone foundation survived. He located a no longer used intact barn about a 100 miles away; numbered all the beams and hauled them on flatbed trucks to his farm where the barn was re-assembled. An example of early re-cycling.
Thus, the Irish who remained in Ireland like their emigrated kin used local materials to construct their barns and built the buildings with no professional plans. The barns were built to take advantage of local landscape features and needs. It would be interesting to determine how many stone barns are still standing in Glenmore as well as how many are still in use.
Special thanks to Richard Corcelli for sharing the information and photos of the Ontario barns.
Please send any corrections or additional information to glenmore.history@gmail.com. For further information on Irish architecture see the National Inventory of Architectural Heritage.
Dr. Kathleen Moore Walsh
The Strange Family of Aylwardstown, Glenmore
Today, as our fifth excerpt from Carrigan’s, The History and Antiquities of the Diocese of Ossory, v. 4 p. 94-95 (1906) we feature what he published concerning the Strange family of Aylwardstown, Glenmore as well as information that Danny Dowling collected and recorded regarding the last of the family to live in Aylwardstown House.
The Strongs, Strangs or Stranges
They were settled at Waterford, from an early period, and held a foremost place among its citizens. Richard Strong was Mayor of the city in 1484 or 1485; Peter Strong in 1560; Paul Strange in 1597; Thomas Strange in 1607; and Richard Strange in 1634. At least two of them represented the city in Parliament, viz. Peter Strong in 1559 and Richard Strange in 1634. To this stock also belonged the Most Rev. Thomas Strong, Bishop of Ossory from 1582 to 1602, and his nephew, Most Rev. Thomas Walsh (son of Robert Walsh and Anastatia Strong), Archbishop of Cashel from 1626 to 1654.
In course of time the family acquired, probably by purchase, considerable estates in South Kilkenny. About 1560 Peter Stronge held lands to the value of £51, of the manor of Grannagh. Richard Strong, of Waterford, probably his son, is found in possession of the manor of Drumdowney, in 1573, and of the manor of Dunkit, in 1585. Edward Strong of Dunkitt, son and heir of Richard, died June 1st, 1621, being then seised of the manor of Dunkit and of the reversion of the manor of Drumdowney after the death of Thomas Strong; he left issue Richard, his son and heir, then but 12 years old, Thomas, Peter, Joan and Margaret.
Thomas Strong just mentioned, who had been seised of the manor of Drumdowney, and who may have been brother of Edward, of Dunkit, died May 28th, 1625, leaving a son and heir, Laurence, then but 10 years of age.
Another member of the family, Paul Strong of Waterford city, held the fee of several townlands in Inistioge and the Rower. He died Nov. 22nd, 1617, leaving Peter, his son and heir, then aged 39 years. Peter was succeeded, in turn, by Richard, his own son and heir. This Richard appears on the list of those who forfeited in 1653, as do also Peter Strong, of Dunkitt, who was transplanted to Connaght, and Richard Strong, the proprietor of Drumdowney.
Lawrene Strong or Strange, of Drundowney, son of Thomas (who died as above in 1625) is mentioned in one of the depositions of 1641. He was still living in 1661, at which date he was 46 years of age. He was probably the father of Richard Strange, who was appointed a Burgess of Inistioge in 1688, and grandfather of Lawrence Strange, of Aylwardstown. The said Lawrence Strange, of Aylwardstown, in his Will, proved in the year 1720, mentions his brothers James and Pierce Strange; his brother (i.e. brother-in-law) Nicholas Aylward; his sisters, Ellen Walsh, alias Strange, and Mary Kealy alias Strange; his wife Mary Strange, alias Aylward; his eldest son and heir Richard, then a minor; and his other sons, Patrick and Pierce Strange. Some of the later members of this family are mentioned on their monument in Kilmokevoge.
His Eminence, Cardinal Wiseman’s mother was a Miss Strange of Aylwardstown, probably a daughter of Peter, who died in 1824; her sister, Harriet Strange, wife of Mr. James Butler, of Kilmogar, Johnswell, died in 1858 aged 68. [Fr. Carrigan was correct. “Marriages–On the 2d instant, James Butler. Esq. of Killmogar, County Kilkenny, to Harriet, youngest daughter of Peter Strange, Esq. of Aylwardstown, in the same county,” (Freeman’s Journal, Thurs. 13 Nov. 1823, p. 3)] [For further information on Cardinal Wiseman and his visit to Glenmore see our guest author page or click here.]
In Irish, Strange or Strong is pronounced Sthraoung (a monosyllable). Strang’s Mill, in the parish of Kilmacow, is called by Irish speakers, Mwillin a Straounga, i.e. Muilleann.
Danny Dowling’s (1927-2021) Strange Research
In the 1970’s Danny was corresponding with Professor John Mannion of Newfoundland. From his research he informed Professor Mannion that he believed that the Strange family came to Aylwardstown about 1690, as tenants of the new Cromwellian owners, the Ponsonby family of Kildalton, Piltown, Co. Kilkenny. Danny stated that it appeared that the first Strange that came married a girl of the Aylward family. The Aylward family previously owned the Aylwardstown property before Cromwell (DD Notebook 4, Copy of letter from DD to Prof. John Mannion, of Newfoundland dated 10 Dec. 1977).
Danny informed Professor Mannion in 1977 that “some 20 years ago all the Strange family papers were stored in Aylwardstown and burned by a Mrs. Connolly.” Her son Thomas told Danny about the burning in 1975 (DD Notebook 4, Copy of letter from DD to Prof. John Mannion, of Newfoundland, dated 25 January 1977).
Thomas Alexander Strange (1856-1907)
The last of the Strange family to live at Aylwardstown appears to have been Thomas A. Strange (1856-1907). In Danny’s voluminous records we found a copy of a newspaper auction notice for February 1883.
“Received instruction from Thomas A. Strange, Esq., who is giving up his dairy to sell by auction on Thursday, 1 February 1883, at his farm at Aylwardstown, 30 prime young dairy cows, in and with calf at foot, served by a highly bred bull; 6 three year old heifers in calf; 5 two year old heifers; 3 well-bred yearling bulls; 2 five year old Hunters, well known with hounds may be inspected by V.S. before sale; 2 capital farm mares; one sow/ 12 forward store pigs, 40 tons of prime mangolds in lots; carts, tackling, plough, harrows, dairy utensils. Sale at twelve o’clock precisely and terms are cash.” The auctioneers were Thomas Walsh and Son, The Mall, Waterford (Waterford News & Star, Fri.19 Jan. 1883, p. 2).
Also in Danny’s files was another article which may help explain the auction. In January 1882, Thomas Strange entered into a wager with Mr. W. Power of Williamstown regarding their horses. Strange’s horse Garsfield was to race Power’s Hawk over a 2.5 mile hunting course. The bet was for £25, a large sum of money in 1882. Mr. JP Kennedy of George’s Street held the money (Munster Express, 14 Jan. 1882, p. 6). We could not locate an article regarding which horse won the race, but there are other articles regarding Strange and his love of fast horses and racing.
Lily Strange née Jones (b.c. 1863)
On Halloween 1973, Danny interviewed Nicky the Miller Forristal (1888-1979) who provided another reason why Thomas A. Strange may have held an auction and eventually left Aylwardstown.
“Thomas A. Strange married a girl who worked in one of the Waterford Hotels either the Adelphie or the Imperial. She was a barmaid. He was not long married before they left Aylwardstown. She was either an English or Welsh girl…When Thomas A. Strange left Aylwardstown he brought with him Tommy Neill and Anty Walsh to Liverpool where he lived on the outskirts. He had a jarvey car for hire. He got broke there and had to leave off Tommy Neill and Anty Walsh. Tommy Neill then emigrated to America, Anty Walsh returned home and went to work in Tramore.”
The Strange Children
The first English census where we could locate Thomas A. Strange was the 1891 Census for Cheshire, Birkenhead. Thomas Strange was 34, reported that he was born in Ireland and was working as a horse dealer. His wife, Lily Strange, was aged 28, working as a pork butcher, and reported being born in Wrexham. The couple had two children. Thomas Strange, aged 4, born in Ireland, and Lily Strange, aged 6, born in Wrexham. Also, present were three of Lily’s siblings (whose family name was Jones) and Jane Dargan a 21 year-old general servant, born in Ireland.
We were unable to find a marriage record for Thomas A. and Lily, but we did find a birth record for their son. In Dublin North on the 15th of January 1886, Thomas Alexander Strange of East Pier, Howth, farmer and his wife Lily née Jones had a son that they named Thomas.
By 1901 the family was living at 80 Mozart St., in Toxeth Park, Lancashire, and the family consisted of three people. Thomas Strange, aged 44, was a cab proprietor. Lily Strange was 40, and their son Thomas Strange was 15, and employed as a van driver.
Death of Thomas Alexander Strange (1857-1907)
Thomas Alexander Strange, died aged 51, in Sept. 1907. At the time of his death he was living in the workhouse and gave his profession as cab driver. He was buried in the Catholic Section of Anfield Cemetery, of Lancanshire, in a public grave.
The following year, on 19th of April, 1908, at the Parish Church of Liverpool, Thomas (1886-1959) at the age of 22 married Mary Louisa Douglass, aged 21. The groom was working as a cab driver and he listed his father as Thomas Alexander Strange (deceased). The bride was the daughter of Albert Edward Douglass, storehouse keeper. Young Thomas died on 15 December 1959 at Mill Lane Hospital.
Six years after her father’s death, at the Parish Church of Liverpool, on 5 May 1913, Lily Strange (aged 26) married Thomas Birney (aged 30) of Clare Street. The bride recorded that she was the daughter of Thomas Strange, car driver.
We were unable to determine what happened to Lily Strange née Jones, but are hopeful a reader might be able to shed some light on this.
Please send any and all corrections, further information or photos to glenmore.history@gmail.com.
The feature photo above is Aylwardstown House taken in 2004 and is courtesy of the National Inventory of Architectural Heritage.
Dr. Kathleen Moore Walsh
Old Style Threshing: Aylwardstown, Glenmore 1976
Forty-seven years ago in September 1976, Michael and Kate Fitzgerald, of the Half-way House, Aylwardstown, Glenmore hosted an exhibition of threshing involving a steam engine, drum and pitcher. It was the first time in about twenty-five years that old-style threshing took place in the Glenmore area (New Ross Standard, Fri. 10 Sept. 1976, p. 17).
Michael & Kate Fitzgerald
Michael Fitzgerald (1917-1982) was the son of Richard Fitzgerald (1868-1955) and Mary Fitzgerald née Walsh (1884-1962) of Aylwardstown. Michael’s wife, Kate Fitzgerald née Hoynes (1923-2008) was the daughter of John Hoynes (1888-1956) and Maryanne Hoynes née Rigby (1882-1926) of Aylwardstown. Michael and Kate Fitzgerald had six children: (1) Richard Fitzgerald; (2) Mary Fitzgerald; (3) Ann Fitzgerald; (4) Carmel Fitzgerald (1957-1976); (5) John Fitzgerald and (6) Michael Fitzgerald. Tragically the couple lost their daughter Carmel in May 1976.
Planning the Event
The original date for the threshing was Sunday the 19th of September. The newspapers reported that the summer of 1976 was hot and dry. However, in September a lot of rain fell. The threshing was to take place between 1 and 4 p.m. but had to be abandoned shortly after it commenced on the 19th due to heavy showers (Munster Express, Fri. 24 Sept. 1976, p. 21).
In an interview in the New Ross Standard, Michael Fitzgerald stated that he deliberately held over barley(sic) and wheat because he thought it was a pity to see the old-style threashing disappear altogether. “For anyone over twenty-five years of age it will remind them of the great threshing days that used to be and it will be an education and thrill for the younger generation who never saw the old fashion threshings” (New Ross Standard, Fri. 10 Sept. 1976, p. 17).
Michael Fitzgerald put a lot of planning into this threshing event. To make the event as authentic as possible Michael attempted to secure ling fish for the threshing celebration as it was the local custom to serve ling at the old threshing dinners. Unfortunately, he was not able to secure ling and had to settle for another type of fish (Peter Walsh, of Rathinure, threshing volunteer).
Michael “retained about six acres of oats and wheat for threshing.” (New Ross Standard, Fri. 10 Sept. 1976, p. 17). He harvested the rest of his oats and wheat utilising a combine, that cut and threshed in the same operation (Munster Express, Fri. 1 October 1976, p. 22). Michael cut the six acres using a tractor and binder, then stooked and stacked. For the last step of the traditional saving of the crop he drew the stacked oats and wheat into old fashion ricks.
Binding, Stooking & Stacking
When the binder cut the oats it tied it with a binder twine into a sheaf of oats. The sheafs were stood up, against each other, in a stook, with the seed heads on top. This allowed the sheaves to dry. Later, maybe 5 or 6 stooks were made into a stack. The stack would be about six feet tall with the sheaves at the top being placed with their heads down and the stubble facing upwards. This formed a circle at the top of the stack to preserve it from the weather. The stack was then secured with a sugán or rope twisted from straw. When the crops were in stacks they were considered saved.
The stacks were left in the field until they were brought to the haggard where they were then made into a rick which was substantially larger. The rick was made in the shape of a house with an eve going up to an apex. The size of the rick depended on the size of the crops that year. Each type of crop had its own rick.
The Threshing
The old threshing equipment was supplied by Michael O’Brien, of Ballyknock, Tullogher, and included a steam engine, drum and pitcher. Thirty men from Kilcolumb, Kilmakevogue and Ballygurrim, Glenmore volunteered to help. The newspapers published that RTE was going to be present to film and a modest charge would be collected from spectators to meet incidental costs. (New Ross Standard, Fri. 10 Sept. 1976, p. 17). One of the volunteers said this week that he does not remember RTE being present on either day and no footage could be found in available archives.
In terms of the admission fee, Richard Fitzgerald shared three photos this week from the 1976 threshing. To the right is the photo of May Cashin (1946 -2021) of Aylwardstown collecting at the gate with Michael and John Fitzgerald. One of the side-effects of the old fashion threshing was the fact that “first-class oaten straw” would be available for thatchers. The New Ross Standard published Michael’s phone number for any interested thatchers.
After the threshing was abandoned on the 19th it resumed on the 26th which was a dark, oppressive day, but the rain held off. The grain was collected and stored in the safety of the barn. The threshing attracted a large crowd of spectators concluded with a traditional barn dance and celebration (Kilkenny People, Fri. 24 Sept. 1976, p. 15). This article was published two days before the second day of threshing occurred.
Richard Fitzgerald this week revealed that the steam engine and mill were stored in his father’s barn for a few years after the threshing perhaps reflecting the difficulty of moving the heavy old machinery. Richard said that straw bales would be stacked around and on the stored old machinery.
Photos
The featured photo above was taken by Danny Dowling (1929-2021). Michael Fitzgerald is standing on the right wearing a hat. The man on the left holding up a bottle of beer is Wattie “Ody” Cody (1928-2009) of Ballycroney, Glenmore. It is believed that the boy on the engine (on the left looks like he is reaching for the beer) is Richard Duggan, of the Garage.
Special thanks to Richard Fitzgerald, of Aylwardstown, for sharing the other three photos. Special thanks to my resident expert, Peter Walsh, for patiently explaining stooking, stacking and ricking.
For further information on the 1907 Glenmore threshing agreement see our post of 7 August 2022.
Please send any corrections, additional information, or photos to glenmore.history@gmail.com.
Dr. Kathleen Moore Walsh
The Anglo-Norman Aylward Family of Aylwardstown, Glenmore
Today, as our fourth excerpt from Carrigan’s, The History and Antiquities of the Diocese of Ossory, v. 4 p. 93-94 (1906) we feature what he published concerning the Aylward family that gave its name to the Glenmore townland of Aylwardstown. In an Inquisition of 1637, Glanseline appears as an alias for Aylwardstown, it was probably, the original name of the townland (Carrigan, vol. 4, p. 94). In Irish, Aylward is sometimes called Eye-lurth, and sometimes El-e-wurth; Aylwardstown is always called Ball-an-Eye-lur-tha (Carrigan, vol. 4, p. 94) .
The Aylwards of Aylwardstown
“They were an Anglo-Norman race and, presumably, a branch of the Aylwards of Faithleg, in the County Waterford.”
“William Aylward of Aylwardstown, gent., was pardoned in 1562 and 1571; was a juror, 20th March 1585; and was pardoned, Nov. 18th, 1602. Piers Aylward, of Aylwardstown, probably son of William, was Constable of the Barony of Ida, in 1608, and appears as a juror, in 1623. He married Ellen, daughter of John Fitzgerald, Esq., of Gurteen, and had a son and heir, Nicholas Aylward, of Aylwardstown, who forfeited the ancestral estate, viz., Knockduff, Aylwardstown, Robbinstown, Ballinerahy and Haggard, under Cromwell, and was transplanted to Connaught in 1653″ (Carrigan, v. 4, p. 93).
“In 1677 the said Nicholas Aylward had a royal confirmation of the lands (911 acres), that had been assigned him at his transplantation, in the Baronies of Clonmacnoen and Longford, in the Co. Galway. By his wife, Ellinor, sister of Thomas Kelly, Esq., Portreeve of Gowran, he had a daughter, Ellice, who married Mr. James Frayne, of Browntown; and a son Piers. Piers Aylward was made a burgess of Inistioge, in 1688, and was outlawed, as of Aylwardstown, in 1690. He married Eliza Butler (daughter of Sir Richard Butler, and sister of Sir Walter Butler, of Paulstown), by whom he acquired the house and estate of Shankill, near Gowran. His son and heir, Nicholas Aylward, of Shankill, born in 1686, conformed to Protestantism in 1711; from him descends the present Aylward family of Shankill castle” (Carrigan, vol. 4, p. 94).
Returned to Aylwardstown, Glenmore
In attempting to find out if any of the Aylwards returned to Aylwardstown post Cromwell, we did locate a Will dated 28 May, 1715. The Will of Piers Power of Carriogorontory, Co. Waterford suggests that an Aylward was back in Aylwardstown. In his Will, Power left his lands of Carrigorontory, Knockandull, and Ballygarren, with £500 due him by several persons, to Michael Head of Dublin and Nicholas Aylward of Aylwardstown, as Trustees (Entry 212, John Ainesworth, “Survey of Documents in Private Keeping: Third Series,” Analecta Hibernia (1967) Irish Manuscripts Commission).
See our post of 5 January 2023 regarding the townland of Aylwardstown and Danny Dowling’s (1927-2021) 1961 list of residents. See our post of 17 September 2023 regarding Rev. Carrigan and the publishing of his four volume work.
See, Burtchaell, Jack. “The south Kilkenny farm villages.” Common Ground: essays on the historical geography of Ireland (1988): 110-23. This interesting article discusses farm villages of South Kilkenny including Glenmore’s Aylwardstown, Rathinure and Weatherstown. The author acknowledged Danny Dowling (1927-2021) at the end of his article.
Aylwards from across the globe gathered in Waterford in late August 2023. The gathering was organised by John Aylward, retired Waterford publican and the grandson of John Aylward (1870-1929) of Rochestown, Glenmore. Julian Walton delivered an informative and entertaining account of various Aylwards. See our post of 9 October 2022 regarding John Aylward (1870-1929) of Rochestown, Glenmore.
Please send any corrections or additional information to glenmore.history@gmail.com.
Dr. Kathleen Moore Walsh
The photo of Shankill Castle was transferred from en.wikipedia to Commons by RHaworth. For a concise description of “a Queen Anne home with a medieval tower house at its heart,” see the Shankill Castle webpage.
The feature photo above is Aylwardstown House taken in 2004 and is courtesy of the National Inventory of Architectural Heritage.
The Glenmore Volunteer at the 1914 Howth Gun Running
Last week we featured the Aylwardstown, Glenmore family of Mon. William Heffernan (1895-1973). This week we located the obituary for his brother Michael Heffernan (1890-1974) (Kilkenny People, Fri. 22 Feb. 1974, p. 7) and learned some interesting facts about Michael Heffernan. One of the most important was that he was one the Volunteers at the Howth Gun Running in 1914 that sought to arm the Dublin Regiment of the Irish Volunteers. He was also falsely accused of a crime at the end of the Civil War and played a significant part in Kilkenny GAA.
Michael Heffernan (7 Oct. 1890-19 Feb. 1974) Native of Aylwardstown, Glenmore
For details concerning Michael Heffernan’s immediate Aylwardstown family see our post of 15 October 2023.
Michael was born on 7 Oct. 1890. His obituary recites that as a young man Michael served an apprenticeship with a cabinet making business in Waterford and later moved to Dublin. While living in Dublin he joined the Irish Volunteers. The 1911 Census reveals that Michael was living in Aylwardstown, Glenmore and his profession was listed as cabinet maker. Thus, sometime after the Census of 1911 and July 1914 Michael moved to Dublin.
Howth Gun Running
The winds of war were sweeping across Europe in 1914, the Irish Volunteers determined that they needed to arm themselves. The Unionists at Larne, Co. Antrim, landed their own weapons comprised of 25,000 rifles and three million rounds of ammunition with no opposition from the authorities on the night of the 24th of April 1914 (Alvin, Jackson (1993) “The Larne Gun Running of 1914.” 1(1) History Ireland, p. 35–38 available at http://www.jstor.org/stable/27724046.)
Efforts to secure weapons for the Dublin Volunteers in France and Belgium failed, but Darryll Figgis and Roger Casement finally bought 1,500 obsolete 1871 vintage Mauser rifles in Germany. Off the Irish coast a yacht owned by Erskine Childers named the Asgard met a Hamburg tugboat and took some of the guns ashore at Howth in broad daylight. The Asgard was said to have been captained by Mollie Childers née Osgood, Eskinne’s wife, and it had a cargo of 900 rifles and 30,000 rounds of ammunition (John Dorney (2014) “The Howth Gun Running,” The Irish Story Website.
Early on Sunday the 26th of July 1914, around a thousand Dublin Irish Volunteers marched the nine miles from Dublin to Howth. The Volunteers were under the command of Tomás MacDonagh and Bulmer Hobson. They unloaded the Asgard. The Coast Guard attempted to intervene but could do nothing. The Coast Guard attempted to telephone Dublin Castle, but the Volunteers had cut the phone wires. After one of the uniformed local R.I.C. had been stopped trying to leave on a bicycle a second man not in uniform set out for Dublin Castle (Geraldine Dillon (1964) “The Howth Gun Running” 3(4) University Review, 48–57, p. 48, available at http://www.jstor.org/stable/25504609).
D.I. Heard of the R.I.C. and a few of his men followed the Volunteers as they started back toward Dublin. The ammunition for the rifles and some of the rifles were loaded into vehicles. At the junction of Howth Road and Farview the marching Volunteers were met with a force of 160 armed R.I.C., a few Dublin Metropolitan Police, and two companies of British Soldiers. The officer in charge of the soldiers was Major Haig. Assistant Commissioner W.V. Harrell was in charge of the police.
The Volunteers were told to surrender the guns and allow themselves to be arrested. MacDonagh refused and the D.M.P. were ordered to disarm the Volunteers. To the apparent surprise of both sides, the D.M.P. refused to attempt this and “went back to the sea wall and lent on it.” Dublin Castle officials later determined that the police resented the unfair discrimination between the Unionist and Irish Volunteers (Dillon, p. 49).
Harrell told Major Haig to order his men to disarm the Volunteers, but Haig ordered his men to charge with fixed bayonets. The Volunteers stood firm and defended themselves with walking sticks and rifle butts. A machine gun which was in an army ambulance was brought forward but never fired.
The soldiers managed to retrieve 8 rifles from the volunteers. The action paused while the leaders argued. During the entire charge and exchange Hobson drilled the Volunteers, all but those in the front rank, up and down the road as if they were restless horses. He gradually increased the distance and while the police and soldiers were distracted he marched the majority of the Volunteers round the turn in the road and ordered them to disperse and hide the rifles.
When Harrel realised that the Volunteers and guns were gone he exclaimed, “This is a disgraceful manoeuvre!” The police and army withdrew. Although there were injuries at the crossroad no fatalities occurred (Dillon, p. 50). Due to various misinformation and claims Tomás MacDonagh found it necessary to publish an official account. It was published as a supplement to the Irish Review, July/Aug. 1914 (Dillon, p. 50).
Killings at Bachelor’s Walk, Dublin
When the British soldiers marched back into Dublin they were met by a jeering crowd at Bachelor’s Walk. It was alleged that stones were thrown at the soldiers and Major Haig ordered his men to fire into the crowd and then followed with an order to charge with fixed bayonets. Three people were killed and 30 wounded (Dillon, p. 50).
At the Inquiry that followed Major Haig stated that he had not given an order to fire into the crowd. He lamely stated that his men must have mistaken his raising of his hand to speak to the crowd as an order to fire. Witnesses disputed his version stating they heard him yelling, “Fire, men, fire!” In the Report dated 21 October 1914, it was concluded that Assistant Commissioner of Police, Harrell should not have called out the military. Although the Inquiry concluded that the military were not under threat at Bachelor’s Walk justifying the use of firearms they concluded amazingly that Major Haig was not informed that the rifles of his men were loaded. Thus, they could conclude that Haig did not give an order to fire and twenty-one soldiers “promiscuously fired” (Dillon, p. 53-54).
Life in Kilkenny City
According to Michael’s obituary he moved to Kilkenny City in 1915 and took up employment in the Kilkenny woodwork factory at Talbot’s Inch. This industry was started by the late Countess of Desart. Michael’s brother, William was attending St. Kieran’s College, in Kilkenny City, at the time.
On 11 February 1918 Michael (cabinet maker) of Michael St., Kilkenny married Teresa Byrne (c. 1894-c. 1973) (nurse) of Dublin Road, Kilkenny. Michael was the son of Michael Heffernan (farmer) and Teresa was the daughter of Michael Bryne (farmer). The couple were married at St. John’s of Kilkenny City. The witnesses were Andrew Heffernan and Alice Byrne. The 1911 Census reveals that Michael Byrne (69) and his wife Mary (55) had been married for 34 years and had had 6 children and 5 were alive in 1911. Teresa was 17 in 1911 and Alice was 23. The farm was located at Coneygar, Clara, Kilkenny. Coneygar is a townland in the Civil parish of Clara located about 4 miles east of Kilkenny City.
Michael opened his own business as a cabinet maker in John St. in 1922 and from these premises also conducted the business of funeral undertaker, building contractor and or a period operated a fresh milk depot.
Children
Michael and Teresa Heffernan reared a large family. According to Cissy Kennedy ( 94) native of Rathinure, Glenmore, during holidays the children were brought to Glenmore. The girls would stay with their Aunt Alice Roche née Heffernan in Rathinure, and the boys would stay at the Heffernan home place in nearby Aylwardstown.
From Michael’s obituary there were at least 10 children, and we discovered another daughter that died in 1948. Similar to the preceding Heffernan generation by the time of his death Michael’s children were scattered across the world.
Sons
[1] Comdt. Michael Heffernan, Defence Forces, Cork; Among the 29 cadets who received their commissions as second Lieutenants in the Irish Army at the Curragh in October 1941 there were 5 Kilkennymen including Michael Heffernan of John St. It was reported that Heffernan and three of the others attended the Christian Brothers School on James’s St. (Kilkenny People, Sat. 1 Nov. 1941, p. 5) .
[2] William Heffernan, John St., Kilkenny;
[3] Anthony Heffernan, London;
[4] Andrew Heffernan, Kilkenny;
[5] Patrick Heffernan, London; (c. 1935-1980) Patrick Heffernan (45) died on 3 July 1980 at his residence 40 Coniston Road, Muswell Hill, London. Educated by the Christian Bros, and member of Dicksboro minor hurling club. In England met and married Ita Hannigan, a native of Dunhill, Co. Waterford. Survived by widow and son, Richard (Kilkenny People, Fri. 18 July 1980, p. 5)
Daughters
[6] Mrs. B. Leaning, London, [Brother Patrick’s obit in 1980 provides he was survived by his sister Brenda Little of Archer’s Crescent, Kilkenny]
[7] Mrs. Stephen Lalor, Australia; Special thanks to Deirdre Doherty Barron for identifying that Mrs. Lalor is Alice Heffernan (b. 1923) who celebrated her 100th birthday earlier this year in Queensland, Australia.
[8] Mrs. Theresa Sutcliffe, Buckinghamshore; [married to Charles Sutcliffe]
[9] Mrs. Carmel Ryan, New York; [Married to John Ryan and living in 1980 in Long Island, N.Y.].
[10] Mrs. Ann Ryan, Middlesex; [Married to Andrew Ryan]
[11] Mary “Mollie” Heffernan (c. 1921-1948) died the 17th of December 1948 of “Tubercular hip joint disease” at the age of 27. Her brother Paddy was present when she died. According to her obituary Mollie was unwell for some time and was employed in the Drapery establishment of Messrs A. and T. Piert, Roseinn St. (Kilkenny People, Sat. 25 Dec.1948, p. 5).
Milk Depot
In October 1921 Michael Heffernan opened a fresh milk depot from his John St. premises. The following announcement appeared in the Kilkenny People (Sat. 8 Oct. 1921, p. 5).
Fresh New Milk—From Coneygar Farm Twice Daily. Michael Heffernan wishes to announce that his New Milk Depot is now in full swing, and he is selling New Milk at 5 d per quart at Depot and 6 d per quart delivered in City. Having arranged for a constant supply during the winter months, consumers wishing to benefit by this low price are earnestly requested to hand in their names immediately and I will guarantee there will be no disappointment. Address: 6 Lower John Street (Gate Entrance), Kilkenny. Depot Open—Morning 8:30 till 10 o’clock; Evening 5:30 till 7 o’clock.
Coneygar was the townland where his wife was from so it is likely that he was buying milk or distributing and selling milk for his brother-in-law.
Charged in Kilmogar Cattle Driving Case
In April 1923 Michael Heffernan of John St., was arrested for allegedly inducing others to drive cattle off of the lands of Mrs. Mary Murphy, the widow of Thomas Murphy who died 16 November 1921. Michael Heffernan when arrested protested that he was innocent. When he was brought before the Court he again protested his innocence. “It is very unfair against me—it is not fair at all. All the charges are false as far as I am concerned. I am a man with a business, and my wife is invalided and has nobody to sleep in the house with her. Some blackguards came and broke in the windows…I am prepared to stand in any court—there can’t be a shadow of evidence got against me” (Kilkenny Moderator, Sat. 14 April 1923, p. 8).
Michael’s solicitor, Mr. N. Shortal, argued that there was only hearsay against his client, yet the trial judge refused to set any bail and remanded Michael to jail until the next court date. The facts of the Kilmogar Cattle Driving Case are similar to the Shanbogh Land Cases of July 1923. During the violence and upheaval of the War of Independence and the Civil War some people attempted to exploit old grievances or exploit the lawlessness gain the property of others.
The 291 acre farm in dispute was purchased by Mrs. Mary Murphy’s father-in-law. To extinguish any possible claim from a prior evicted tenant named Dalton £450 was paid to Dalton in 1891. The Murphy family farmed the land without difficulties until Mrs. Murphy was widowed in November 1921. It was alleged that Dalton, an elderly man, and others drove cattle from the land, removed agricultural equipment and threatened tenants. On 2 April 1923 thirty head of cattle were driven from the farm.
At the District Court of Kilkenny City, before Justice Liam Price, Michael Heffernan got his day in court. He and his brother-in-law were represented by N. Shortall, solicitor and Mr. Bacon, K.C. The State was represented by Dr. M.J. Cotty, State Solicitor.
There was no evidence presented against Michael Heffernan. In fact, most witnesses stated that they did not know him. When questioned by the judge, Michael was asked if he was prepared to give an undertaking in open court that he would not do anything prejudicial to Mrs. Murphy’s interests, directly or indirectly. Michael responded, “I never caused any interference, and I am not going to start now.” Michael and his brother-in-law were found not guilty. (Kilkenny People, Sat. 21 April 1923, p. 3; Kilkenny Moderator, Sat. 21 April 1923, p. 8).
Kilkenny GAA
According to his obituary Michael Heffernan was “a staunch Irishman and GAA enthusiast he served as vice chairman of Kilkenny Co. Board for a number of years. At that time Ald. Jim Nowlan was chairman.” Michael was chairman of the football Board for 39 years. He represented Kilkenny at GAA Central Council and Leinster Council levels. He was responsible for the organization of GAA games in every parish in the county in defiance of the ban imposed by Dublin Castle in 1921.
Michael was the last surviving member of the small committee which negotiated the purchase of Nowlan Park and arranged early Development work.
Advocating For a New Park
In 1926 the Kilkenny People (Sat. 18 Sept. 1926, p. 4) published an account of the meeting of the Co. Kilkenny GAA in the City Hall on Sunday the 12th. It appears from this article that Michael was, in fact, a moving force on the Committee to find a new Park.
It all seems to have come to a head over a letter received from the Kilkenny Agricultural Society. The GAA were requested to remove the barbed wire it had placed on the railing around the playing pitch it rented from the Society. Below are excerpts from that newspaper article.
Michael Heffernan—“It is nearly time that we should be looking out for a ground of our own. We are tinkering with this thing too long altogether, and I think we should be in earnest about getting a field. So far we have never made a serious effort in that direction. We have approached the Agricultural Society time after time to have certain things done that would improve the Park from our point of view; they promised us everything but did nothing, and when we ourselves make a move to make the Park fit for matches they step in and object…It is nearly time that we cleared out of the Park and got a field of our own. You might as well go into any country field as into the Park as far as the accommodation provided for us is concerned…they always promised to repair the railing but they never did so.”
In response to another committee member that “there is no use taking up this bullying attitude,” Michael Heffernan responded, “Oh no! Keep on crawling to them for the next 40 years as we have been doing for years past. How much rent did the Agricultural Society get from the GAA since the Park was first rented from them?”
Chairman—It would have bought a new ground and equipped for us anyway.
Heffernan—”Their attitude reminds me of the old landlord days when a landlord came to an industrious tenant and ordered him to knock down a house he was after building. They are the same, this crowd, only worse.”
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Please send any corrections, additional information or photos to glenmore.history@gmail.com. It is likely Michael Heffernan (1890-1974) is in the above family photo and his brother William’s ordination in June 1919.
Again thanks to Patty Lee Brown for locating Michael’s marriage record.
Dr. Kathleen Moore Walsh
Mon. Wm. Heffernan (1895-1973): Native of Aylwardstown, Glenmore [Updated]
The Right Reverend Monsignor William Heffernan died 50 years ago this month in Epping, New South Wales, Australia at the age of 80. Mons. Heffernan was educated at the Glenmore National School and attended St. Kieran’s College in Kilkenny City. He was ordained in June 1919 for the Archdiocese of Sydney. After being ordained he left immediately for Australia and served in a number of parishes until he was appointed Parish Priest of Epping where he remained until his death (Fr. Michael Mernagh, “Go Ye Therefore” Pen Pictures of Glenmore Priests, Nuns, and Brothers of the Twentieth Century, Glenmore Memories (2000) p. 41).
According to Mon. Heffernan’s obituary in the Munster Express (Fri. 26 Oct. 1973, p. 16 ) he last returned home about 40 years before his death. Ship records reveals that Rev. William Heffernan departed England on 20 December 1933 on the ship Hobsons Bay, of the Aberdeen & Commonwealth Line, bound for Sydney, Australia travelling in third class.
The Heffernan Family of Aylwardstown, Glenmore
William Heffernan (1895-1973) was the 9th son of Michael Heffernan (1847-1924) and his wife Bridget Kennedy (1854-1947) of Aylwardstown, Glenmore. The couple married at Glenmore on 12 February 1879 and had a total of 14 children comprised of 11 boys and 3 girls. There were 18 years between the eldest and youngest of their children. The couple also helped raise two of their grand-children after their daughter-in-law tragically died young. They lived to see their children settled in Ireland, Australia, Chicago and England.
Grandparents of William Heffernan
Michael Heffernan (1847-1924) was the son of Patrick Heffernan (farmer) and his wife Alicia Irish of Aylwardstown. Michael’s parents were married on 7 February 1842 at Slieverue. At the time of the wedding Patrick Hefernan’s (sic) address is listed as Nicholastown.
Bridget Heffernan née Kennedy (1854-1947) was the daughter of Peter “Pierce” Kennedy of Rathinure, Glenmore and his wife Bridget Walsh, a native of Ballytarsnia, Mooncoin.
SIBLINGS
[1] Patrick Heffernan (bapt. 18 Jan 1880- ) per Bridget Heffernan née Kennedy’s obit in 1947 was living in London. A descendent posted that Patrick Heffernan married Ella née Rouse (1885-1951). Patrick Heffernan married Ella on 25 July 1908 at St. Michael’s of Aldershot Hamshire, Southhampton, Surrey, England. The couple had at least two sons.
[2] John Heffernan (13 June 1881—15 Aug.1951) married Mary Frehne, of Fahee, Kilmacow married on the 24th of July 1907. “They sailed for America, July 31at, 1907” (DD Notebook 2, Diary of James Aylward of Ballyhobuck, Glenmore).
Mary Frehne (1 Dec. 1880-18 June 1913) was the daughter of James W. Freyne (1841-1884) and Alice Ryan Freyne Mackey (1848-1920). See, our post of 12 Dec. 2021 regarding manslaughter of James Freyne at Christmastime 1884.
In September 1911, John Heffernan (29), his wife Mary (29), daughter Frances (2); and his brother Richard Heffernan (22) sailed on the Carmania. From the record it appears that John was returning to Chicago, “resident returning 120 D. Anseley Ave. Chicago, Illinois.” John was described as being 5 feet 9 inches tall, fair complexion, fair hair, with blue eyes. Mary and Frances are listed in the 1911 Census living with her brother James Frehne in Mullinavat. It is likely that John, Mary and Frances came home in 1911 and returned to Chicago with Richard Heffernan..
In 1912 the couple had a son Michael Raymond Heffernan (1912-29 March 1927). Shortly after Raymond’s birth Mary died in June 1913 at the Heffernan house in Aylwardstown of T.B. John left his children Frances and Raymond with his parents. He returned to Chicago to work. John married his second wife, Florence, née Populorum sometime about 1920. The couple had four daughters. In 1925, John brought his second family home, and at the age of 15 Raymond returned to Chicago via Canada with his father, step-mother and sisters. The family resided at 930 Mapleton Ave., Oak Park, IL. Raymond died tragically in 1927 per Danny Dowling’s notes Raymond was struck by a car.
[3] James Heffernan (10 July 1882-2 Aug. 1912) according to his death cert worked as a draper’s assistant. He never married and was being treated for heart disease for 18 months before his death. His sister Mary O’Connor, of Ballyfacey, was present when he died just 5 weeks after his sister-in-law Mary died.
[4] Peter Heffernan (31 Dec. 1883—17 Aug. 1966) married Margaret Quinn in 1920 and became a Garda rising to the rank of Garda Superintendent prior to his retirement in 1944. The couple had children.
[5] Mary Heffernan (9 May 1885-1 Sept. 1936). Mary married Patrick O’Connor (1883-1937) of Ballyfacey, Glenmore. The couple had a large family.
[6] Alice Heffernan (21 Nov. 1886—28 Nov. 1972) Alice married Edward “Ned” Roche (c. 1888-1969) farmer, of Rathinure. There were 8 or 9 children in this family.
[7] Thomas Heffernan (1888-1965) married into the Murphy farm of Kearneybay when he married on 28 April 1915, Catherine “Kate” Murphy (c. 1887 – 1961). The couple had several children.
[8] Richard Heffernan (6 June 1889*—4 Jan. 1947) immigrated to the US with his brother John in 1911. Richard was described as being 5 foot 7 inches tall, with a fair complexion, fair hair and blue eyes. Richard served in the US Army during WWI. He was home in June 1919 (in uniform) for his brother’s ordination. Richard married Marie Elizabeth King (1896-1966) on 15 October 1920 in Illinois. The couple had 6 children. *On some US records his year of birth is listed as 1893, but the Glenmore Parish records lists his date of birth as 6 June 1889 and his date of baptismal as 7 June 1889.
The 1930 US Census records that Richard was 41, his wife Marie E. was 34 years of age and had been born in Illinois. Richard immigrated in 1911 and in 1930 was working as a produce salesman. His brother Stephen Heffernan was living with them (age 32) having immigrated in 1926. In 1930, Richard and Marie had six children between the ages of 8 years and 5 months.
[9] Michael Heffernan (b. 7 Oct. 1890) was living in Kilkenny City when his brother Peter Heffernan retired in Feb. 1944. Michael Heffernan was married and was an undertaker. Although we were unable to discover the name of his wife we did locate an advertisement in the Kilkenny People (Sat. 11 June 1921, p. 9) “Michael Heffernan for cabinet making, upholstering, and French polishing, also Funeral Undertaking, at 6 Lower John St., (gate entrance) Kilkenny.”
[Editor’s update–17 Oct. Special thanks to Patty Lee Brown who found the marriage license for Michael Heffernan and shared it. On 11 February 1918 Michael (cabinet maker) of Michael St. Kilkenny married Teresa Byrne (nurse) of Dublin Road, Kilkenny. Michael was the son of Michael Heffernan (farmer) and Teresa was the daughter of Michael Bryne (farmer). The couple were married at St. John’s of Kilkenny City. The witnesses were Andrew Heffernan and Alice Byrne.]
[10] Bridget Heffernan (b. 22 May 1892)
[11] Andrew Heffernan (20 Nov. 1893—7 Sept. 1975). He married Bridget Roche (c. 1897-1987). Bridget Heffernan née Roche was a sister of Edward “Neddy” Roche who married Andrew’s sister Alice Roche née Heffernan. Andrew farmed the home farm and after he retired he and Bridget moved to Rochestown to their youngest daughter Mary Aylward.
[12] William Heffernan (26 March 1895-17 Oct. 1973) became a priest and spent 50 years working in Australia.
[13] Nicholas Heffernan (27 June 1896) per his mother’s obituary in 1947 was living in London. According to the Civil Registration Death Index, 1916-2007, Nicholas died aged 88 in July 1984. He is buried in Middlesex.
[14] Stephen Heffernan (15 Jan. 1898—Oct. 1977) emigrated to Chicago in 1926. In the 1930 Census he was living with his brother Richard and family. Stephen was working in the building trades. He married Agnes Kiely, and the couple had two daughters. According to his obit in the Chicago Tribune he was survived by his brother Nicholas Heffernan in England. See our guest author Brian Forristal for further information regarding Stephen’s activities during the Irish War of Independence.
Mon. Heffernan’s Work in Australia
Very little could be found regarding Mon. William Heffernan’s early work in Australia. Luckily, from the Australian, Electoral Rolls, 1903-1980 we know that in 1934 Fr. Wm. Heffernan was living in Boolaroo, Hunter, New South Wales, Australia. We found a second entry which indicates that in 1949, he was living at 33 Oxford St., Epping, Parramatta, New South Wales, Australia.
The address 33 Oxford Street, Epping is the location of Our Lady Help of Christians, Epping. Our Lady Help of Christians was established on 15 June 1916, and the parish celebrated its centenary in 2016.
A triptych centenary cake records that Fr. W. Heffernan was Parish Priest from 1948-1973. From the dates provided on the cake it appears that Fr. Heffernan was their longest serving parish priest. During his 25 year assignment to this parish it grew substantially.
A year after Fr. Heffernan became the Parish Priest the parish had 920 parishioners. In 1956, the new primary school building opened with 337 pupils and an extension was added to the school in 1967. Extensions were added to the Church in 1969. The school continued to grow requiring a 2 storey extension in 1972 when pupils numbered 505. See, Sisters of Mercy, Parramatta, webpage (5 Aug. 2016) Parramatta was founded by the Sisters of Callan, Kilkenny, Ireland.
Death
Fr. William Heffernan died as he apparently lived—quietly. His death notice was just a couple of lines. He is buried in Macquarie Park, Sydney. Unfortunately, the transcription of his grave marker incorrectly lists that he died in January 1973 instead of October 1973 (Sydney, Australia, Cemetery Headstone Transcriptions, 1837-2003).
The inscription includes:
“Very Rev. Monsignor, P.C., P.P. Our Lady of Help of Christians, Epping. B. Glenmore, Co. Kilkenny 26 Apr. 1895. Ordained St. Kieran’s College, Kilkenny 8 June 1919.”
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Several full obituaries for the Heffernan family can be found on our H Surname Page.
The feature photo above was taken in June 1919 at William’s ordination. He is seated between his parents and several of his siblings and their spouses are behind him. The children are his nieces and nephew including Raymond. Michael Heffernan, late of Marian Park, Waterford gave me a copy of this photo.
The photo of the parish church of Our Lady Help of Christians, Epping, NSW, Australia is courtesy of the Epping Civic Trust.
Please send any corrections, further information or photos etc. to glenmore.history@gmail.com.
Special thanks to Kerry who sent the exact dates of death of John Heffernan and his son Raymond.
Dr. Kathleen Moore Walsh