War of Independence

Last week we featured the Aylwardstown, Glenmore family of Mon. William Heffernan (1895-1973). This week we located the obituary for his brother Michael Heffernan (1890-1974) (Kilkenny People, Fri. 22 Feb. 1974, p. 7) and learned some interesting facts about Michael Heffernan. One of the most important was that he was one the Volunteers at the Howth Gun Running in 1914 that sought to arm the Dublin Regiment of the Irish Volunteers. He was also falsely accused of a crime at the end of the Civil War and played a significant part in Kilkenny GAA.

Michael Heffernan (7 Oct. 1890-19 Feb. 1974) Native of Aylwardstown, Glenmore

For details concerning Michael Heffernan’s immediate Aylwardstown family see our post of 15 October 2023.

Michael was born on 7 Oct. 1890. His obituary recites that as a young man Michael served an apprenticeship with a cabinet making business in Waterford and later moved to Dublin. While living in Dublin he joined the Irish Volunteers. The 1911 Census reveals that Michael was living in Aylwardstown, Glenmore and his profession was listed as cabinet maker. Thus, sometime after the Census of 1911 and July 1914 Michael moved to Dublin.

Howth Gun Running

The winds of war were sweeping across Europe in 1914, the Irish Volunteers determined that they needed to arm themselves. The Unionists at Larne, Co. Antrim, landed their own weapons comprised of 25,000 rifles and three million rounds of ammunition with no opposition from the authorities on the night of the 24th of April 1914 (Alvin, Jackson (1993) “The Larne Gun Running of 1914.” 1(1) History Ireland, p. 35–38 available at http://www.jstor.org/stable/27724046.)

Efforts to secure weapons for the Dublin Volunteers in France and Belgium failed, but Darryll Figgis and Roger Casement finally bought 1,500 obsolete 1871 vintage Mauser rifles in Germany. Off the Irish coast a yacht owned by Erskine Childers named the Asgard met a Hamburg tugboat and took some of the guns ashore at Howth in broad daylight. The Asgard was said to have been captained by Mollie Childers née Osgood, Eskinne’s wife, and it had a cargo of 900 rifles and 30,000 rounds of ammunition (John Dorney (2014) “The Howth Gun Running,” The Irish Story Website.

Early on Sunday the 26^th of July 1914, around a thousand Dublin Irish Volunteers marched the nine miles from Dublin to Howth. The Volunteers were under the command of Tomás MacDonagh and Bulmer Hobson. They unloaded the Asgard. The Coast Guard attempted to intervene but could do nothing. The Coast Guard attempted to telephone Dublin Castle, but the Volunteers had cut the phone wires. After one of the uniformed local R.I.C. had been stopped trying to leave on a bicycle a second man not in uniform set out for Dublin Castle (Geraldine Dillon (1964) “The Howth Gun Running” 3(4) University Review,  48–57, p. 48, available at http://www.jstor.org/stable/25504609).

D.I. Heard of the R.I.C. and a few of his men followed the Volunteers as they started back toward Dublin. The ammunition for the rifles and some of the rifles were loaded into vehicles. At the junction of Howth Road and Farview the marching Volunteers were met with a force of 160 armed R.I.C., a few Dublin Metropolitan Police, and two companies of British Soldiers. The officer in charge of the soldiers was Major Haig.  Assistant Commissioner W.V. Harrell was in charge of the police.

The Volunteers were told to surrender the guns and allow themselves to be arrested.  MacDonagh refused and the D.M.P. were ordered to disarm the Volunteers. To the apparent surprise of both sides, the D.M.P. refused to attempt this and “went back to the sea wall and lent on it.” Dublin Castle officials later determined that the police resented the unfair discrimination between the Unionist and Irish Volunteers (Dillon, p. 49).

Harrell told Major Haig to order his men to disarm the Volunteers, but Haig ordered his men to charge with fixed bayonets. The Volunteers stood firm and defended themselves with walking sticks and rifle butts. A machine gun which was in an army ambulance was brought forward but never fired.

The soldiers managed to retrieve 8 rifles from the volunteers. The action paused while the leaders argued. During the entire charge and exchange Hobson drilled the Volunteers, all but those in the front rank, up and down the road as if they were restless horses. He gradually increased the distance and while the police and soldiers were distracted he marched the majority of the Volunteers round the turn in the road and ordered them to disperse and hide the rifles.

When Harrel realised that the Volunteers and guns were gone he exclaimed, “This is a disgraceful manoeuvre!” The police and army withdrew. Although there were injuries at the crossroad no fatalities occurred (Dillon, p. 50). Due to various misinformation and claims Tomás MacDonagh found it necessary to publish an official account. It was published as a supplement to the Irish Review, July/Aug. 1914 (Dillon, p. 50).

Killings at Bachelor’s Walk, Dublin

When the British soldiers marched back into Dublin they were met by a jeering crowd at Bachelor’s Walk. It was alleged that stones were thrown at the soldiers and Major Haig ordered his men to fire into the crowd and then followed with an order to charge with fixed bayonets. Three people were killed and 30 wounded (Dillon, p. 50).

At the Inquiry that followed Major Haig stated that he had not given an order to fire into the crowd. He lamely stated that his men must have mistaken his raising of his hand to speak to the crowd as an order to fire. Witnesses disputed his version stating they heard him yelling, “Fire, men, fire!” In the Report dated 21 October 1914, it was concluded that Assistant Commissioner of Police, Harrell should not have called out the military. Although the Inquiry concluded that the military were not under threat at Bachelor’s Walk justifying the use of firearms they concluded amazingly that Major Haig was not informed that the rifles of his men were loaded. Thus, they could conclude that Haig did not give an order to fire and twenty-one soldiers “promiscuously fired” (Dillon, p. 53-54).

Life in Kilkenny City

According to Michael’s obituary he moved to Kilkenny City in 1915 and took up employment in the Kilkenny woodwork factory at Talbot’s Inch. This industry was started by the late Countess of Desart. Michael’s brother, William was attending St. Kieran’s College, in Kilkenny City, at the time.

On 11 February 1918 Michael (cabinet maker) of Michael St., Kilkenny married Teresa Byrne (c. 1894-c. 1973) (nurse) of Dublin Road, Kilkenny. Michael was the son of Michael Heffernan (farmer) and Teresa was the daughter of Michael Bryne (farmer). The couple were married at St. John’s of Kilkenny City. The witnesses were Andrew Heffernan and Alice Byrne. The 1911 Census reveals that Michael Byrne (69) and his wife Mary (55) had been married for 34 years and had had 6 children and 5 were alive in 1911.  Teresa was 17 in 1911 and Alice was 23. The farm was located at Coneygar, Clara, Kilkenny. Coneygar is a townland in the Civil parish of Clara located about 4 miles east of Kilkenny City.

Michael opened his own business as a cabinet maker in John St. in 1922 and from these premises also conducted the business of funeral undertaker, building contractor and or a period operated a fresh milk depot.

Children

Michael and Teresa Heffernan reared a large family. According to Cissy Kennedy ( 94) native of Rathinure, Glenmore, during holidays the children were brought to Glenmore. The girls would stay with their Aunt Alice Roche née Heffernan in Rathinure, and the boys would stay at the Heffernan home place in nearby Aylwardstown.

From Michael’s obituary there were at least 10 children, and we discovered another daughter that died in 1948. Similar to the preceding Heffernan generation by the time of his death Michael’s children were scattered across the world.

Sons

[1] Comdt. Michael Heffernan, Defence Forces, Cork; Among the 29 cadets who received their commissions as second Lieutenants in the Irish Army at the Curragh in October 1941 there were 5 Kilkennymen including Michael Heffernan of John St.  It was reported that Heffernan and three of the others attended the Christian Brothers School on James’s St. (Kilkenny People, Sat. 1 Nov. 1941, p. 5) .

[2] William Heffernan, John St., Kilkenny;

[3] Anthony Heffernan, London;

[4] Andrew Heffernan, Kilkenny;

[5] Patrick Heffernan, London; (c. 1935-1980) Patrick Heffernan (45) died on 3 July 1980 at his residence 40 Coniston Road, Muswell Hill, London. Educated by the Christian Bros, and member of Dicksboro minor hurling club.  In England met and married Ita Hannigan, a native of Dunhill, Co. Waterford. Survived by widow and son, Richard (Kilkenny People, Fri. 18 July 1980, p. 5)

Daughters

[6] Mrs. B. Leaning, London, [Brother Patrick’s obit in 1980 provides he was survived by his sister Brenda Little of Archer’s Crescent, Kilkenny]

[7] Mrs. Stephen Lalor, Australia; Special thanks to Deirdre Doherty Barron for identifying that Mrs. Lalor is Alice Heffernan (b. 1923) who celebrated her 100th birthday earlier this year in Queensland, Australia.

[8] Mrs. Theresa Sutcliffe, Buckinghamshore; [married to Charles Sutcliffe]

[9] Mrs. Carmel Ryan, New York; [Married to John Ryan and living in 1980 in Long Island, N.Y.].

[10] Mrs. Ann Ryan, Middlesex; [Married to Andrew Ryan]

[11] Mary “Mollie” Heffernan (c. 1921-1948) died the 17^th of December 1948 of “Tubercular hip joint disease” at the age of 27. Her brother Paddy was present when she died. According to her obituary Mollie was unwell for some time and was employed in the Drapery establishment of Messrs A. and T. Piert, Roseinn St. (Kilkenny People, Sat. 25 Dec.1948, p. 5).

Milk Depot

In October 1921 Michael Heffernan opened a fresh milk depot from his John St. premises. The following announcement appeared in the Kilkenny People (Sat. 8 Oct. 1921, p. 5).

Fresh New Milk—From Coneygar Farm Twice Daily. Michael Heffernan wishes to announce that his New Milk Depot is now in full swing, and he is selling New Milk at 5 d per quart at Depot and 6 d per quart delivered in City. Having arranged for a constant supply during the winter months, consumers wishing to benefit by this low price are earnestly requested to hand in their names immediately and I will guarantee there will be no disappointment. Address: 6 Lower John Street (Gate Entrance), Kilkenny. Depot Open—Morning 8:30 till 10 o’clock; Evening 5:30 till 7 o’clock.

Coneygar was the townland where his wife was from so it is likely that he was buying milk or distributing and selling milk for his brother-in-law.

Charged in Kilmogar Cattle Driving Case   

In April 1923 Michael Heffernan of John St., was arrested for allegedly inducing others to drive cattle off of the lands of Mrs. Mary Murphy, the widow of Thomas Murphy who died 16 November 1921. Michael Heffernan when arrested protested that he was innocent. When he was brought before the Court he again protested his innocence. “It is very unfair against me—it is not fair at all. All the charges are false as far as I am concerned. I am a man with a business, and my wife is invalided and has nobody to sleep in the house with her. Some blackguards came and broke in the windows…I am prepared to stand in any court—there can’t be a shadow of evidence got against me” (Kilkenny Moderator, Sat. 14 April 1923, p. 8).

Michael’s solicitor, Mr. N. Shortal, argued that there was only hearsay against his client, yet the trial judge refused to set any bail and remanded Michael to jail until the next court date. The facts of the Kilmogar Cattle Driving Case are similar to the Shanbogh Land Cases of July 1923. During the violence and upheaval of the War of Independence and the Civil War some people attempted to exploit old grievances or exploit the lawlessness gain the property of others.

The 291 acre farm in dispute was purchased by Mrs. Mary Murphy’s father-in-law. To extinguish any possible claim from a prior evicted tenant named Dalton £450 was paid to Dalton in 1891. The Murphy family farmed the land without difficulties until Mrs. Murphy was widowed in November 1921. It was alleged that Dalton, an elderly man, and others drove cattle from the land, removed agricultural equipment and threatened tenants.  On 2 April 1923 thirty head of cattle were driven from the farm.

At the District Court of Kilkenny City, before Justice Liam Price, Michael Heffernan got his day in court. He and his brother-in-law were represented by N. Shortall, solicitor and Mr. Bacon, K.C. The State was represented by Dr. M.J. Cotty, State Solicitor.  

There was no evidence presented against Michael Heffernan. In fact, most witnesses stated that they did not know him. When questioned by the judge, Michael was asked if he was prepared to give an undertaking in open court that he would not do anything prejudicial to Mrs. Murphy’s interests, directly or indirectly.  Michael responded, “I never caused any interference, and I am not going to start now.” Michael and his brother-in-law were found not guilty. (Kilkenny People, Sat. 21 April 1923, p. 3; Kilkenny Moderator, Sat. 21 April 1923, p. 8).

Kilkenny GAA

According to his obituary Michael Heffernan was “a staunch Irishman and GAA enthusiast he served as vice chairman of Kilkenny Co. Board for a number of years. At that time Ald. Jim Nowlan was chairman.” Michael was chairman of the football Board for 39 years. He represented Kilkenny at GAA Central Council and Leinster Council levels.  He was responsible for the organization of GAA games in every parish in the county in defiance of the ban imposed by Dublin Castle in 1921.

Michael was the last surviving member of the small committee which negotiated the purchase of Nowlan Park and arranged early Development work.

Advocating For a New Park

In 1926 the Kilkenny People (Sat. 18 Sept. 1926, p. 4) published an account of the meeting of the Co. Kilkenny GAA in the City Hall on Sunday the 12^th. It appears from this article that Michael was, in fact, a moving force on the Committee to find a new Park.

It all seems to have come to a head over a letter received from the Kilkenny Agricultural Society. The GAA were requested to remove the barbed wire it had placed on the railing around the playing pitch it rented from the Society. Below are excerpts from that newspaper article.

Michael Heffernan—“It is nearly time that we should be looking out for a ground of our own. We are tinkering with this thing too long altogether, and I think we should be in earnest about getting a field. So far we have never made a serious effort in that direction. We have approached the Agricultural Society time after time to have certain things done that would improve the Park from our point of view; they promised us everything but did nothing, and when we ourselves make a move to make the Park fit for matches they step in and object…It is nearly time that we cleared out of the Park and got a field of our own. You might as well go into any country field as into the Park as far as the accommodation provided for us is concerned…they always promised to repair the railing but they never did so.”

In response to another committee member that “there is no use taking up this bullying attitude,” Michael Heffernan responded, “Oh no! Keep on crawling to them for the next 40 years as we have been doing for years past. How much rent did the Agricultural Society get from the GAA since the Park was first rented from them?”

Chairman—It would have bought a new ground and equipped for us anyway.

Heffernan—”Their attitude reminds me of the old landlord days when a landlord came to an industrious tenant and ordered him to knock down a house he was after building. They are the same, this crowd, only worse.”

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Please send any corrections, additional information or photos to glenmore.history@gmail.com. It is likely Michael Heffernan (1890-1974) is in the above family photo and his brother William’s ordination in June 1919.

Again thanks to Patty Lee Brown for locating Michael’s marriage record.

Dr. Kathleen Moore Walsh