Glenmore Co. Kilkenny
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Remembering the Fallen: Hartley and Mullins 1921-2021
Yesterday afternoon a commemoration ceremony was held in Glenmore to mark the 100th anniversary of the death of John “Jack” Hartley (1897-1921) of Weatherstown, Glenmore, who was killed in action at Coolbawn, Castlecomer during the War of Independence. Also killed in the Coolbawn Ambush of 18 June 1921 was Nicholas Mullins (1893-1921) of Market Street, Thomastown, the son of Glenmore native Laurence Mullins (1858-1913). Yesterday, it was a fine day and a crowd gathered at Glenmore for the ceremony. Historian Eoin Swithin Walsh, the author of Kilkenny In Times of Revolution 1900-1923 (2018) provided details concerning Jack Hartley’s life prior to Coolbawn, but did not discuss the grisly details and the controversy concerning the ill-fated ambush that cost these young volunteers their lives. However, a concise account of the ambush may be found in his book and some of the highlights are below (Walsh, 2018 p. 122-127).
John Hartley was born and raised in Weatherstown, Glenmore and was generally referred to by his family as Jack. He “was engaged in the grocery trade in New Ross, …and assisted the [Glenmore] Kilkenny County senior football team in the Leinster championship” (New Ross Standard, 29 April 1938, p. 2). At an early age he became involved in the Republican movement and joined the New Ross unit of the old I.R.A., was arrested for his activities in 1916 and imprisoned in Wakefield prison. After his release he went to work in Kilkenny City for a grocer/publican named Grace and continued with his volunteer activities. He was arrested in Kilkenny in 1921 when his bedroom above the business premises was searched and a handgun and other materials were found. He was imprisoned again, but because he shared the room with others he was not convicted and released. Knowing that he was being watched he decided to go on the run and joined the Flying Column in Graiguenamanagh. A copy of the pension application file is available on line. Ultimately Jack’s father was awarded a £50 gratuity (gift) by the grateful new nation.
Nicholas Mullins was born and raised on Market Street in Thomastown. His father, Laurence Mullins (1858-1913) was a native of Gaulstown, Glenmore. Laurence married Anne Hanrahan of Coolroebeg near Thomastown. Laurence moved to Coolroebeg and (according to the residence recordings on the birth certificates of their children) as their family grew they eventually moved to Market St. where Laurence ran a pub. In the 1911 census Nicholas was already at work as a carrier for a brewery. After his father died in 1913 according to his mother she struggled to raise her dependent children. Nicholas secured a job working for the Council and earned £1 a day as he had a horse and cart. At the time of his death he was the main breadwinner for his mother and siblings. Portions of the pension application files for Nicholas are also available on line.
The Coolbawn Ambush
Early in 1921 the 5th Battalion Active Service Unit was established in Graiguenamagh. Generally known as a Flying Column these units were an elite group of volunteers who dedicated themselves full time to the War of Independence. Most volunteers continued to work their normal jobs and engaged in military activities as and when called upon. On the 18th of June 1921 the Flying Column set an ambush just north of Castlecomer at Coolbawn. They hoped to attack a convoy of Crown forces that regularly protected explosives that were transported along that road to a mine. Mines were laid in the road and people were stopped from using the road. A local woman named Florrie Dreaper apparently realized what was being planned and walked to Castlecomer and alerted the Crown Forces who surrounded the volunteers. John “Jack” Hartley was immediately killed in the first volley. Nicholas Mullins was wounded, but managed to cross the road where he was then shot in the abdomen the bullet damaging his liver. He died approximately two hours later from his wounds.
Florrie Dreaper lived nearby and the requests of the volunteers to shoot her in reprisal were denied. The local I.R.A. Company was ordered to burn the house she lived in with her sister. Four days before the truce the volunteers went to the Drapier home to burn it. The volunteers helped her sister remove her belongings from the house, but Florrie refused to leave her house and got into a steel watertank on the roof of the house with her dog. Florrie attempted to summon the Crown Troops from Thomastown from the roof. Both she and the dog survived the fire and she and her sister subsequently moved to England.
The Funerals
Much has been written concerning the large number of mourners that turned out for the funerals of both young men and the conduct of the Crown authorities at the funerals. Danny Dowling, in the summer of 2020, stated that when he was a boy the activities of local people during the War of Independence, and particularly the Civil War, were known by everyone. Glenmore was too small a place for there to be any anonymity or secrets. It was reported in the newspapers of the time that after Jack Hartley’s funeral a volley was fired over his grave and this brought the “Black and Tans” back to the cemetery. What wasn’t reported was that the local volunteers only waited for the Crown Forces to get up past the National School. “Pat Hanrahan and a few of the lads fired the volley. They wanted the volley to be heard.” By the time the Crown Forces turned around and made it back to the cemetery most of the volunteers had vaulted the cemetery walls and disappeared into the adjoining fields with the arms. Danny said that it was stated that Pat Hanrahan and his brother calmly exited the front church gates and walked to his shop and home across the road. They then prepared to go to Thomastown to attend their cousin Nicholas Mullin’s funeral that was held the following day. For the list of local Glenmore volunteers click here.
Memorials
Shortly after Jack Hartley’s death efforts began for a memorial to be erected. In 1927 it was reported that while he was interred at Glenmore it was not known whether the memorial would be at Glenmore or at Coolbawn (New Ross Standard, 18 March 1927, p. 8). Through the efforts of his comrades in arms, primarily in New Ross, on Easter Sunday in 1929 a large Celtic Cross monument was erected on his grave” (Waterford News & Star, 31 March 1929, p. 5).
“Erected to the memory of Captain Sean Hartley, I.R.A., Weatherstown, Glenmore, by his comrades of the South Wexford Brigade. He fell in action at Coolbawn, Castlecomer, in 1921, in defence of the Republic proclaimed by Pearse in 1916, and established by Dail Eireann on the 21st of January 1919.”
The Coolbawn memorial was unveiled at Easter in 1934. To raise funds for the memorial the receipts from GAA matches were donated and special matches held. By 1934 several veterans of the War of Independence were upset. On the same page in the Irish Independent where the dedication of the Coolbawn memorial was reported it was also reported that “the annual march to the graves of the leaders, executed in 1916, was abandoned this year…as a protest against the deplorable division of the Republican parties, each claiming the dead as their own for political purposes” (Irish Independent, 2 April 1934, p. 5).
The last and least known memorial was erected in Graiguenamanagh. It was reported in December 1947 that £718 12s. 5d had been subscribed for the erection of a memorial to the memory of Sean Hartley and Nicholas Mullins (Munster Express, 24 Dec. 1947, p. 8). Unfortunately, the newspaper failed to indicate where the memorial was being erected. However, in August 1949 an Italian marble figure of the Sacred Heart was unveiled and blessed at Graiguenamanagh before a crowd of 2,000 people in memory of Sean Hartley and Nicholas Mullins, and the other members of the 5th Battalion Active Service Brigade I.R.A. The memorial was unveiled by ex-Battalion commandant, John Walsh, Graiguenamanagh, who survived the ambush.
John Walsh provided a brief history of the unit which formed early in 1921. The unit carried out a successful ambush as Uskerty and then proceeded to the borders of Leix. A few days later the unit was surrounded by two battalions of Crown troops. The column succeeded in escaping under cover of darkness. The next operation was Coolbawn. The strength of the unit increased from 17 to 19 men. Sean Hartley and Nicholas Mullins joined the unit at Graiguenamanagh. John Walsh provided a brief description of the Coolbawn Ambush. “The battle went on at a terrific pace for more than an hour, and it was here that Sean Hartley and Nicholas Mullins fell, while Jamey Doyle received rifle and bayonet wounds from which he recovered…The unit was trapped by the superior converging forces and were subjected to concentrated fire. Another section which escaped the encirclement, directed heavy fire on the attackers which allowed the remainder of the trapped section to force its way out.” Notwithstanding the fact that Nicholas Mullins was shot through the liver the 1949 article states that he would not have died except for the brutal treatment inflicted by the Crown forces. “James Doyle was severely wounded and subjected to bayonet stabbing. The fact that he was not identified saved him from a similar fate to Nicholas Mullins. He was subsequently sentenced to death by a British court martial. The truce intervened” (New Ross Standard, 12 August 1949, p. 9). Interestingly there is no mention of Florrie Dreaper and the role she played in the ambush.
The family members who were present at the 1949 ceremony included: Mr. James Hartley, Weatherstown, Glenmore, (brother); Mrs. M. (Alice) Culleton, Kilbride, Glenmore (sister); Miss Mary Hartley, Miss Ciss Culleton (nieces); Edward and Sean Hartley (nephews); Mr. James Morrissey, Kilbride, Glenmore (cousin). Of the individuals listed above as attending in 1949 only Jack Hartley’s niece, Ciss Roche née Culleton survives.
Mr. Thomas Mullins, Thomastown (brother), Mrs. J. Bookle, Bridge Hotel, Thomastown and Miss Kathleen Mullins, Market St, Thomastown, (sisters); Misses Evelyn Bookle, Zeta and Emelda Renner, Anne Mullins (nieces); Nicholas Mullins (nephew); John Walsh, Mullinavat (cousin).
The Extended Families–contrary to the assertions in one of the newspapers in 1921 Jack Hartley and Nicholas Mullins do not appear to have been first cousins. The two men do not appear to share any grandparents, however it is possible that the link was further back. They were, however, both related to a large number of Glenmore families.
John “Jack” Hartley (1897-1921)
Parents: Edmund “Neddy” Hartley (farmer, Weatherstown) married Anastasia Hartley (Weatherstown) on 1 June 1892 at Glenmore. Groom was the son of James Hartley (farmer) and bride was the daughter of Edmund Hartley (farmer). The couple were both 27 years of age when they married.
Paternal Grandparents—Edmund Hartley (1865-1947) was born on 12 June 1865 son of James Hartley (farmer) and Bridget Hartley née Grant at Weatherstown. James Hartley (Weatherstown) married Bridget Grant (Ballinaraha) at Glenmore on 3 March 1860. Four siblings were located for Edmund Hartley (1865-1947) [1] Mary Hartley (b. 4 April 1861); [2] Ally Hartley (b. 26 May 1863); [3] Bridget Hartley (b. 7 Nov. 1867) and [4] Anastatia Hartley (b. 27 April 1872).
Maternal Grandparents—Anastatia Hartley (1865-1943) was born 14 June 1865 at Weatherstown the daughter of Edward Hartley and Ally Henebry. The civil birth records record her parents’ names as Edmund Hartley and Alice Henneberry. Edmund Hartley (Weatherstown) married Ally Henebery (Miltown) on 20 Feb. 1855 at Glenmore. Three siblings were located for Anastatia Hartley née Hartley (1865-1943); [1] James Hartley (b. 23 February 1867), [2] Edmund Hartley (b. 21 October 1869), [3] Philip Hartley (b. 11 April 1861). The 1901 Census for Weatherstown indicates that Alice Hartley née Henneberry was living with her son Philip Hartley (b. 1861) and his wife and children.
Great-Grandparents—it appears that Bridget Grant (c. 1825-1895) was the daughter of John Grant and Mary Grant née Power. John Grant and Mary Grant née Power were married on 30 January 1823. The Glenmore Parish records has a child born to this couple baptized on 21 Feb. 1826 at Ballynaraha. The couple were married on 30 January 1823.
A baptismal record for Alicia Henebry of Milltown was found. Alicia Henebry was the daughter of William Henebry and Mary Henebry née Cody. Alicia Henebry was baptized at Milltown on 16 October 1825. However, other children born to Mary Henebry née Cody from this decade have Thomas Henebry listed as their father.
Unfortunately, the marriage records of his Jack Hartley’s grandparents do not list the names of their fathers. The 1833 Tithe Applotment Books of 1833 only records John Hartley in Weatherstown, but there is a James Hartilly (sic) in Flemingstown. Glenmore parish records reveal that John Hartilly and his wife, Ally Norris, had a son William Hatilly baptized on 17 April 1835. Glenmore baptismal records list a James Hartley baptized on 28 Sept. 1833 to Patrick Hartley and Bridget Power. In a previous blog on 20 October 1920 we highlighted a branch of the Flemingstown Hartley family that settled in the US around 1850.
Nicholas Mullins (1893-1921)
Nicholas Mullins (1893-1921) was the son of Laurence Mullins and Anne Hanrahan. He was born 1 June 1893, Market St., Thomastown and at the time of his birth his father’s profession was listed as grocer.
Parents
Laurence Mullins, of Gaulstown, Glenmore married Anne Hanrahan, of Coolroebeg, at Thomastown on 27 November 1884. Laurence was a farmer and the son of Nicholas Mullins (deceased) and Anne Hanrahan was the daughter of Thomas Hanrahan (farmer). The following children were born and the place of residence and changes to Laurence’s occupation is provided to track the family as it grew: [1] Mary Mullins (b. 17 Jan. 1885) father, Coolroebeg labourer; [2] Johanna Mullins (b. 18 June 1886); [3] Ellen Mullins (b. 3 May 1889); [4] Nicholas Mullins (b. 1 June 1893) father, grocer, Thomastown; [5] Thomas Mullins (b. 20 Oct. 1895); [6] Richard Mullins (b. 15 Nov. 1898) father, publican Thomastown; [7] John Mullins (b. 12 Oct. 1900); [8] Bridget Mullins (b. 7 Feb. 1903); [9] Margaret Mullins (b. 18 April 1905); [10] Kathleen Mullins (b. 2 June 1906); [11] Laurence Mullins; (b. 29 March 1908). The 1901 Census family living on Saw Street in Thomastown and Laurence’s profession is listed as shopkeeper. In the 1911 Census the family is simply listed as living in house 58 in Thomastown, Laurence’s profession is listed as publican, and the family of 11 occupied 9 rooms.
Paternal Grandparents
Nicholas Mullins and Mary Mullins née Mackey, of Weatherstown, were married on 26 February 1838. Eleven children were found for this family: [1] John Mullins (bapt. 18 Sept. 1839); [2] Ellen Mullins (bapt. 3 Sept. 1841); [3] Patrick Mullins, (bapt. 16 March 1844) [4] Richard Mullins (bapt. 16 Oct. 1848); [5] Mary Mullins (bapt. 13 Dec. 1850); [6] Margaret Mullins (bapt 25 Dec. 1852) [7] Honoria Mullins (bapt. 16 Dec. 1854 m. Michael Hanrahan, of Powerswood, at Glenmore on 12 July 1885); [8] Bridget Mullins (bapt. 27 Jan. 1857); [9] Laurence Mullins (15 August 1858—died 3 March 1914, aged 54 at Thomastown); [10] Kieran Mullins (b. 16 Sept. l860); and [11] Catherine Mullins (b. 11 Feb. 1865). The first five children were born at Weatherstown, starting with Mary in 1850 the family was in Ballinamona, Glenmore, then starting with Honoria in 1854 their residence is recorded as Gaulstown which is adjacent to Ballinamona. For further information on some of the Glenmore Hanrahan cousins see, the blog of 6 December 2020.
Maternal Grandparents
Anne Mullins née Hanrahan was the daughter of Thomas Hanrahan (c. 1829-1894) and Mary Dalton, of Coolroebeg, Thomastown. Her parents were married on 9 November 1853 at Coolroebeg and the following children were located: [1] Bridget Hanrahan (bapt. 2 Jan. 1855); [2] Bridget Hanrahan (bapt. 18 Oct. 1856); [3] James Hanrahan (bapt. 24 Nov. 1858); [4] Richard Hanrahan (bapt. 24 Nov. 1858); [5] James Hanrahan (bapt. 15 March 1860); [6] John Hanrahan (b. 26 May 1862); [7] Anne Hanrahan (b. 12 July 1864); [8] Margaret Hanrahan (b. 12 July 1866); [9] William Hanrahan (b. 6 Oct. 1868); [10] Patrick Hanrahan (b. 8 Nov. 1870); [11] Denis Hanrahan (b. 1 Oct. 1872) and [12] Ellen Hanrahan (b. 13 Nov. 1875). A death cert for a Thomas Hanrahan was found dated 14 June 1894. Thomas was a widower, aged 75 and his son Denis Hanrahan was present when he died at Coolroebeg.
Great Grandparents
Nicholas Mullins was bapt. 10 July 1813 at Flemingstown. His parents were John Mullins and Nelly Grace. John Mullins and Eleanor Grace were married on 16 Feb. 1806 at Glenmore.
Due to information gleaned from headstones in Glenmore cemetery it is believed that Mary Mackey (c. 1821-1892) was born around 1821. Unfortunately, there were two Mary Mackey’s born in Weatherstown, Glenmore in 1821 and 1822. One Mary Mackey was the daughter of John Mackey and Mary Mackey née Hanrahan, of Weatherstown and was baptized on 16 April 1821. The other Mary Mackey was also born in Weatherstown and was the daughter of David Mackey and Mary Furlong, baptized on the 30th of August 1822.
Please forward corrections, errors or omissions to glenmore.history@gmail.com
Dr. Kathleen Moore Walsh
The featured photo above was taken at the commencement of the 100th Anniversary Commemmoration held on 19 June 2021 at Glenmore Cemetery. The crowd and colour guard gathered on the Vee Road just before the Creamery and walked to the cemetary.
Hurled for Glenmore: Henry Doolan (1923-2001) of Shanbogh (updated)
Today we are going to feature Henry Doolan, of Shanbogh, Rosbercon, a hurler who hurled for a number of teams including Glenmore in 1948 and 1949. Recently while searching old newspapers, an interesting article from 1960 concerning Henry Doolan, of Shanbough was discovered, and it triggered an old memory of a story about a hair dresser hurler.
My introduction to hurling came about 30 years ago when I first visited Glenmore and my mother’s second cousin, Jimmy Roche (1927-2018) of Rathinure, invited me to a game between Glenmore and the Shamrocks. With the patience of a saint Jimmy attempted to explain the game to me, aided by Mick Lynch (who sadly died earlier this month). When I innocently asked Jimmy if he ever won any trophies this caused Mick Lynch to laugh. As Jimmy related his story Mick would interject details most of which escape me now. What I do recall is that Jimmy said that the only time he played in a championship game, and won, he was playing as a bandit. He explained that he and John Heffernan [hope I have that correct] were asked to play in Wexford by a friend. I don’t recall the friend’s name, but I do recall it was mentioned that he was a hair dresser. Jimmy played in Wexford, the team won, but Jimmy couldn’t receive the medal.
It is not known whether Henry Doolan was the man who recruited Jimmy Roche to play with a Wexford team, but newspaper accounts do verify that Henry played with a number of teams, including Glenmore, and played with Jimmy’s brother in New York and Jimmy’s cousin, Michael Heffernan on the Geraldine O’Hanrahan team of New Ross. Some players of the era who “illegally” played for other clubs were quite proud of their recruitment. For example,in his brother Paddy’s obituary it was noted that Paddy Doolan was not adverse to playing for another club when “his services were sought” (New Ross Standard, 24 March 1994, p. 6).
The 1960 Article
“HOME FROM N.Y. — For the last month, Mr. Henry Doolan has been spending a very enjoyable holiday in his native parish of Rosbercon. A native of the townland of Shanbogh, he is a son of Mr. Henry Doolan, and the late Mrs. Elizabeth Doolan, of Shanbogh. With him are his wife and three young daughters. His wife formerly Miss Theresa O’Shea was a native of Cahirciveen, Co. Kerry, and a cousin of Mr. Jeremiah O’ Shea, the well-known Kerry All-Ireland Footballer, who played in last Sunday’s final. Henry is a brother of Mr. Patrick Doolan, Shanbogh, Mr. Michael Doolan, Shepherd’s Bush London, Mrs. Bridget Goldsmith, Kingston-on-Thames, Surrey and Mrs. Mary Farrell, Finchely, London.
Hairdresser by profession, he is resident in the Bronx, New York, for the past six years. He worked for ten years in New Ross, before he emigrated to England, where he took up a position with the Cunard White Star Line Company, prior to emigrating to the U.S A. he was employed as a hairdresser on board the Queen Elizabeth, which position he held for a period of five years. At present employed in Park Avenue, Manhattan, he is keenly associated with the New York G.A.A. He is the trainer and also a playing member of the Kilkenny team in New York. He played with the Mullinavat senior hurling team in 1941 and with the Kilkenny junior team in 1949. He also played with Wexford in 1943 and 1947 and with Glenmore in 1948 and 1949. A noted G.A.A. supporter, he was prior to his departure from the country a most popular and esteemed member of the community. At present neighbours of his in the Bronx, are Mr. William Roche, a native of Rathinure Glenmore, Mr. James Walsh, Weatherstown, Glenmore, Mrs. Eily Fallon, formerly Miss Eily Foskin, of Mullinavat, and Messrs. Jack Garrigan and Terry Leahy of Kilkenny hurling renown…” (Kilkenny People, Fri. 30 Sept. 1960, p. 6).
Henry Doolan “served his time” with Bobby Walsh of South Street in New Ross. (New Ross Standard, 19 Sept. 2001). The first U.S. record that could be located for Henry Doolan is from 1950. On 27 September 1950, Henry Doolan, barber, was granted shore leave from the Queen Elizabeth at New York. He was listed as a British citizen. In 1954, Henry Doolan applied for and obtained a Social Security card thus indicating that he was living and working in the US. The following year Henry Doolan and Theresa O’Shea were issued a New York Marriage License (No. 6109). Henry became a naturalized citizen on 9 May 1960, recorded that he was residing at 2256 Walton Ave., Bronx, New York and that his birthdate was 9 February 1923.
Hurling
In addition to the teams listed in the 1960 article above, a newspaper search revealed that in 1943 Henry Doolan notified the Leinster Council that he wished to transfer from Carlow (jun) to New Ross Geraldine-O’Hanrahan (New Ross Standard, 14 May 1943, p. 6). Also in 1945, St. Fintan’s-St. Martin’s objected to Geradine-O’Hanrahan’s (New Ross) being awarded the county senior hurling final on the 7th of October on the grounds of Illegality. It was alleged that Henry Doolan and John Maddock played with the Rower against Danesfort in the Kilkenny junior hurling final. A witness stated that John Maddock was “playing all the time in the Rower game,” but Henry Doolan came in as a sub and “was a good man. He was the means of winning the match for the Rower.” (New Ross Standard, 2 Nov. 1945, p. 5).
William Roche, of Rathinure, Glenmore, named in the 1960 article as living in the Bronx, was Jimmy Roche’s brother. Henry Doolan was proclaimed a key member of the New York Kilkenny hurling club that won the New York League championships in 1957 and 1961 (New Ross Standard, 19 Sept. 2001). In 1957 in the New York finals Kilkenny beat Cork and some of the emigrant Kilkenny players included: P. Holden (Mooncoin); Willie Roche (Glenmore), P. Phelan (Mooncoin) and H. Doolan (Glenmore) (Kilkenny People, 18 May 1957, p. 5). It is not known why Henry is listed as being from Glenmore. In the 1961 New York League final Henry netted two goals in Kilkenny’s 7-2 to 3-4 victory over Galway. Terry Leahy the veteran star of Kilkenny’s All-Ireland victory at Croke Park in 1947, came out of retirement to assist the Black and Amber in the New York final. Leahy scored 2-1 whilst the other Kilkenny marksmen were Vincent Lakes (2-0) Sean O’Brien (1-0), and Hugh Dollard (0-1) (New Ross Standard, 19 Sept. 2001).
In 1993, a golden Jubilee Dinner Dance was held in New Ross to honour the Geraldine O’Hanrahan hurling team that won the senior county hurling title in 1943, 1944, and 1945. Henry Doolan travelled from New York to attend the dinner and was photographed standing near Michael Heffernan, of Aylwardstown, Glenmore, who as a young man worked in New Ross and played for that team. Mick Heffernan was a first cousin to Jimmy Roche and brother of John Heffernan.
Henry Doolan died at the age of 78 in 2001 in New York. The New Ross Standard published two articles on the 19th of September 2001 concerning his death and life. One of the articles sums up that “Henry Doolan of Shanbogh was a credit in his time to the GAA as indeed were his two brothers, Paddy and Mickey.” His widow Therese died in 2009 at the age of 80 (Daily News (New York, New York) Mon. 10 Aug. 2009 p. 18).
Henry Doolan’s Brothers and Ancestors
Henry Doolan was born on 9 February 1923. He was the son of Henry Doolan and Elizabeth Doolan née Walsh. Henry Doolan, Sr. was a labourer working at Cherry’s Brewery, New Ross when he married Elizabeth Walsh, at Rosbercon on 19 August 1914. Henry Doolan, Sr. was from Garranbehy and his bride was from Rosbercon. In addition to Henry Jr. the couple had at least four other children: Patrick Doolan; Michael Doolan; Bridget Doolan; and Mary Doolan. Patrick Doolan (c. 1916-1994) never married and when he got older according to Danny Dowling’s notes he went to live in a nursing home in Waterford. He worked at Cherry’s Brewery in New Ross, and according to his obituary he played football and hurling. He won a Kilkenny junior football championship in 1935. He also played for the Geraldines before they amalgamated with the O’Hanrahans and “he wasn’t adverse to playing for other clubs in other counties when his services were sought” (New Ross Standard, 24 March 1994, p. 6). Michael Doolan also played and after living in England returned to Ireland where he lived in Carlow and finally settled in Ferrybank. He died in 1997 (New Ross Standard, 30 April 1997, p. 5).
Paternal grandparents—Henry Doolan, Sr. was the son of Patrick Doolan and Bridget Doolan née Doyle. Henry Doolan, Sr. was born on 16 March 1890 at Tinnekilly and his father was employed as a fisherman. His parents, Patrick and Bridget were married at Rosberon on 17 September 1883. The groom was from Hoodsgrove the son of Michael Doolan (labourer). The bride was from Rosbercon and the daughter of Henry Doyle (labourer). Henry Doolan, Sr. had the following siblings [1] Michael Doolan, baptized 19 July 1884 (the family was living at Millbanks); {2] Mary Doolan born 1 May 1888, at Tinekilly; [3] Mary Doolan, born 1 January 1892.
Maternal grandparents—Elizabeth Doolan née Walsh was the daughter of Michael Walsh (labourer) and Mary Walsh née Smyth. There is a conflict in records concerning the date of Elizabeth’s birth. According to the civil register Elizabeth was born 1 January 1882. According to the Rosbercon Parish records Elizabeth was baptized on 31 December 1881. Mary Walsh née Smyth registered Elizabeth’s birth. Although it would normally be difficult to find information on common names such as Walsh and Smith, thanks to Michael and Paddy Doolan an article was published concerning their hunt for information on their grandmother “Ellen” Smyth of GLensenasaw who lived on the verge of the Kyleacurragh wood (New Ross Standard, 2 Sept. 1993, p. 25). Michael Walsh, of Shanbogh married Mary Smyth, of Garahbehy on 17 September 1874 at Rosbercon. The groom’s father is listed as William Walsh (labourer) and the bride’s father was listed as Edmund Smyth (labourer). Elizabeth Doolan née Walsh had the following siblings: [1] William Walsh, born 31 August 1875; [2] Johanna Walsh, born 13 April 1877; [3] Mary Walsh, born 25 May 1879; [4] Bridget Walsh, born 1 April 1885; [5] Johanna Walsh, born 19 September 1886 and Ellen Walsh, 4 January 1890.
Shanbogh National School, June 1928 (New Ross Standard, 2 July 1992) This photo was provided by Paddy Doolan (c. 1916-1994) to the newspaper. The names he provided to the newspaper are as follows Front Row: Pat Malone; Pat Saunders; Tom Saunders; M.J. Doolan; Paddy Doolan; Ellen Power; Mag Malone–Second Row: Paddy North; Michael Doolan; Bridie Doolan, Bridie Cashin; Cathy Purcell, Maggie Purcell, Liz Power; Peg Brennan–Third Row: Tom Greene; Jim Moore, Jim Purcell, John Greene, Ned Moore, Tom Mullally–Fourth Row: Peter Purcell; Joe Malone, Maura Cashin; Mary Bird; Bessie Cashin; stasia Malone, Katie North and Tommy Murphy. Teachers Master O’Regan and Annie O’Briend, Tinneranny. [Although Henry Doolan’s four siblings are in the photo he is not.]
The featured photo is a Glenmore-Tullogher Hurling team from (it is believed) from 1953. Special thanks to Jacqueline Walsh for sharing it and for her and Kathleen O’Connor for identifying the players. Glenmore and Tullogher came together and formed 1 team. LEFT TO RIGHT Front Row (kneeling): (1) Dick Cody (Carrigcloney); (2) George O’Connor (Ballyfacey); (3) Jimmy Roche (Rathinure); (4) John Doherty (Coolnaleen); (5) John Heffernan (Aylwardstown); (6) Jimmy Heffernan, (Aylwardstown); (7)Tom Murphy (Tullogher); (7) Pat O’Connor (Ballyfacey). Back Row (standing): (1) Seamus Dunphy (Ballyverneen); (2) Sean Phelan, (? ); (3) Fr. John Murphy ( ); (4) John Dillon, (Aylwardstown?); (5) Richie Doherty (Ballinlammy); (6) Paul Fitzgerald (Flemingstown); (7) Neddy O’Rourke (Weatherstown?); (8) Jack Hartley (Weatherstown); (9) Mikey Fitzgerald ( Moulerstown); (10) Tommy Phelan (Mullinahone); (11) Billy Murphy ( ); (12) Tim Phelan (Tullogher) and Jim Culleton, Kilbride.
If anyone has additional information or corrections please send them to glenmore.history@gmail.com.
Dr. Kathleen Moore Walsh
Glenmore Weddings in the late 19th Century
Danny Dowling when he interviewed local people would usually note the date of the interview and often the place, time of day and weather conditions. The following information concerning late 19th century Glenmore weddings was obtained from one of Danny’s favourite interviewees and friend, Nicholas Forristal, (1888-1979) of the Mill, Graiguenakill, Glenmore. Danny interviewed “Nicky the Miller” on 23 October 1964 in Nicky’s home in Graiguenakill; it was a “coolish, showery” evening.
Nicky the Miller said that Dick Phelan (c. 1825-1923), of Shanbogh married Johanna Conry (c. 1827-1911), a niece of Fr. Conry who was then the parish priest of Glenmore. Nicky believed that the marriage took place in the Glenmore Chapel in the 1850’s because his father Paddy “the Miller” Forristal (1849-1931) when a boy saw the cavalcade of the wedding passing by the Mill after the marriage. “Paddy the Miller” was born in 1849. The custom in those days was for the wedding parties and guests to travel to the Glenmore church on horseback. No carriages or drivers were used at that time. “Before the wedding and before either the bride or bridegroom set out for the church,” all the wedding guests first went to the home of the bride or the bridegroom and “drank plenty of whiskey.” What makes this unusual is the fact that the weddings usually took place at 8 a.m.
The bride and bridegroom, from their respective homes, would set off for the church with their guests “in a procession on horseback.” After the ceremony led by the bride and groom all the guests went in a cavalcade to the marriage feast which was usually held in the barn of the bride’s father or family. “Paddy the Miller” told his son that when Dick Phelan and Johanna Conry were married they led the wedding cavalcade riding together on a single horse. She sat before him on the horse.
Nicky the Miller went on to relate that James Phelan, a son of Dick Phelan and Johanna Phelan née Conry, of Shanbogh, married Peggie Forristal, of Ballyverneen, Glenmore around 1896. Nicky attended the wedding and the “wedding feast.” The bride and bridegroom travelled from the Glenmore chapel where they were married to Ballyverneen, where the wedding feast was held, in “a two horse carriage followed by a procession of drivers and horsemen.” About 150 people were in the wedding procession.
The wedding feast took place in the barn. A long table of planks the whole length of the barn was made on stands with seating to match. The meal consisted of “plenty of spuds in their jackets placed in heaps all along the table with large dishes of pig’s heads that had been cooked in a boiler and cabbage etc. placed at short distances all along the long table. Large quantities of milk, whiskey and beer were available.” The whiskey was served in glasses and the beer in mugs. No note was recorded how the milk was served. Two or three meals were provided as the feast lasted until about midnight. Music was supplied by fiddlers. “It was a wonderful day of eating and drinking and merriment.” Nicky remarked that he well remembered that at about midnight old Paddy Forristal, father of the bride stood up and said “Everybody to their own homes now men.” Immediately everyone commenced to get ready to leave.
Contemporary Records
Although a lot of historians once discounted the value of the oral tradition, or the passing of information from one generation to the next through spoken word, people like Nicky the Miller prove the value of the oral tradition. From parish records it was found that Richard Whelan married Johanna Conry, of Robinstown, Glenmore on the 17th of February 1860. Although no further information was provided such as their respective fathers’ names there is a notation of a disposition being granted by Wm. W. Walsh, the P.P. of Rosbercon regarding the banns. Thus, it appears that the groom’s home parish was Rosbercon, and Nicky the Miller’s father was 12 years old when he saw the wedding cavalcade. These records also highlight the difficulty often encountered. Some records record the family name as Phelan and other records record the family name as Whelan. There are similar difficulties with Dowlings, Doolings and Doolans.
The parish records of Rosbercon provide that at least six children were born to the Phelan and Conry union: James Phelan was baptized 15 August 1861 (his Godparents were John Phelan and Bridget Conry); Mary (b. 9 April 1864); John Phelan (b. 8 June 1866); Jeremiah (b. 10 June 1867); and John (b. 12 Dec. 1869). [It is assumed the child born in 1866 died and a younger sibling was also given the name John.]
Glenmore parish records provide that James Phelan and Margaret Forestall were married 12 June 1895. Nicky the Miller 68 years later was able to provide the approximate year of the wedding as “around 1896.” The bridegroom, James Phelan, was a farmer and the son Richard Phelan of Shanbogh and the bride was the daughter of Pat Forrestal, of Ballyverneen, Glenmore, a farmer. The best man was Jerimiah Phelan, and the maid of honour Mary Forrestal. A review of the 1901 census provides that James Phelan and his wife Margaret Phelan née Forristal were living in Shanbogh Upper with his parents. Per the 1901 census Margaret was born about 1861. Parish records provide that a Margaret Forristal was born on 4 July 1858 the daughter of Patrick Forristal and Ellen Forristal née Kennedy. Although it is not in the interview notes it appears that Margaret Forristal was Nicky the Miller’s aunt. It does not appear that James and Margaret Phelan had any children.
One of the most surprising aspects of this research is the longevity found at a time before antibiotics, through the Great Famine, later when TB was rampant and in the 20th century when the Spanish flu killed millions, some of the above mentioned people lived very long lives. Richard Whelan, of Shanbogh, died on 20 April 1923 at the age of 98. Johanna Phelan née Conry died at the age of 84 on 29 January 1911. Margaret Phelan née Forristal of Shanbogh, a widow died 28 March 1940 at Ballyverneen, Glenmore at the age of 81. Her nephew Laurence Forristal was present at her death. Paddy the Miller Forristal died at the age of 82 in 1931 and Nicky the Miller died at the age of 91 in 1979.
Other Glenmore Weddings
Nicky the Miller also stated that in the late 19th century, in Glenmore, the wedding of the more well to do farmers were held in the mornings, but the weddings of the poor were held in the evenings near nightfall. About 70 years ago prior to his interview Nicky the Miller stated he saw two men without overcoats and two women in shawls (bride, bridegroom, bestman and girl) walking past the Mill at dusk to Glenmore Chapel to get married. They were from Forristalstown. All the poorer people walked to the ceremony. They married with no festivities “and possibly only the ordinary daily meal as the wedding breakfast as we call it now.”
No stories told before the fire on a coolish, wet night would be complete without a ghost story. Before the interview ended that night in October 1964, Nicky the Miller related the following. Dan Doolan, of the Pink, Shanbogh, often told Nicky that when he got married to Anty Mullally, of Forristalstown, both of them walked to Glenmore Chapel at night to be married. Whilst walking back after the ceremony, from the Churns down the New Line, the bride and bridegroom walked with their bestman and woman. All four noticed that a fifth man was walking with them. They recognised that the man who had joined them was Neddy Doolan, of Busherstown, who was dead. He was killed jumping on a horse in Rosbercon one evening after a fair some time previously. He was to have been best man at the wedding and he told Dan that he would be at his wedding dead or alive. It appears that he kept his word.
Although we cannot vouch for what the wedding party saw, a review of Glenmore parish records provides that Daniel Dooling, of Shanbogh, a 26 year old farmer married Anastatia Mulally on 30 August 1886. At the time of her wedding the bride was 28 and her father was Thomas Mulally (farmer) of Forristalstown. Daniel’s father was Edward Dooling, of Shanbogh. A year prior to this on 26 August 1885, Edward Dooling, of Busherstown, Glenmore, a 26 unmarried farmer’s son, died of a “fractured brain” that he sustained 3 days earlier. His sister Maggie Dooling was present when he died at Busherstown.
For information concerning other Glenmore weddings that have been featured in blog posts please see the 1937 wedding of Etta Walsh posted 22 December 2020 or the 1917 prosecution of Glenmore wedding guests from our post of 27 September 2020. For a practical example of a long successful marriage see Enduring Love posted 14 February 2021.
The featured photo is a print of the Jerome Robbins Dance Division, The New York Public Library. “The penny wedding” The New York Public Library Digital Collections. 1848. https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/50f9c000-8cb8-0134-43b3-00505686a51c
Please send any corrections or any ideas for future articles to glenmore.history@gmail.com.
Dr. Kathleen Moore Walsh
One Hundred Years Ago: June 1921
The Irish War of Independence ended on 11 July 1921 when a truce was agreed. The six months between 1 January 1921 and the truce were the bloodiest of the War of Independence with almost 1,500 people killed the majority of which were killed in the South. (Corrain & O’Halpin, (2020) The Dead of the Irish Revolution). On 18 June 1921 two young volunteers closely connected to Glenmore were killed in action, at Coolbawn, near Castlecomer, Co. Kilkenny, just 21 days before the truce.
Partition
In June 1921 the Northern Ireland Parliament was established pursuant to the Government of Ireland Act (1920). This partition of Ireland in May 1921, when the legislation went into effect, established an essentially two state solution that is still in place today. Six of the thirty-two counties of Ireland were placed under the control of the Northern Ireland Parliament. Elections were held in March 1921 for the Northern Ireland Parliament and 40 of the 52 seats went to Unionists. The other 12 seats remained empty as the Sinn Fein and the Irish nationalists who had won the seats refused to take the oath of loyalty. King George V officially opened the Northern Ireland Parliament on 22 June 1921 and called for peace and conciliation. Sinn Féin and the nationalists rejected the Government of Ireland Act and it was replaced in December 1921 with the Anglo-Irish Treaty which founded the Irish Free State as a self-governing dominion within the British Empire.
The War
By June 1921 the Crown Forces were firmly entrenched in their barracks in mainly urban areas and did not venture out much making it difficult to engage or ambush them. Both sides realized that they had reached a stalemate particularly for the IRA after the burning of the Custom House led to 5 deaths and 80 IRA volunteers being captured. To take the pressure off of Tipperary, and other areas, the IRA ordered the Kilkenny volunteers to engage the Crown Forces more notwithstanding the fact that the Kilkenny volunteers had limited arms. This led to the Coolbawn ambush. For an interesting history of Co. Kilkenny during this period see, Eoin Swithin Walsh, (2018) Kilkenny: In Times of Revolution 1900-1923.
Contrary to previous months there are fewer local events recorded in the local newspapers. It may be the case that the censorship of the newspapers increased and stopped the reporting of events, or it may be the case that there were fewer objectives remaining such as bridges or roads that were not damaged or trenched. We were able to find various local news items in some of the Dublin papers.
Waterford
The Crown forces continued to raid various premises and it was reported that the licensed premises of Miss Gleason, of O’Connell Street in Waterford were raided on the first of June. The raid lasted 20 minutes and nothing was taken from the premises (Waterford News & Star, Fri. 3 June 1921, p. 5). It was reported that during week of the 10th the Granagh bridge just outside of Waterford in County Kilkenny was partially destroyed. There were two large excavations made in the centre of the bridge and dropped into the stream below (Waterford News & Star, Fri. 17 June 1921, p. 5).
Five young men on the 15th of June were tried by a Waterford Military court for waging war against the Crown on 12 March 1921 by attacking Crown forces at Garryricken House, Co. Kilkenny. The five defendants were James McKenna, John Luttrell, Patrick Luttrell, James Luttrell and Thomas Luttrell. A policeman was killed when he went to Garryricken House due to a report that rebels were using it as a hiding place. Ultimately three of the defendants were exonerated and only ex-solider James McKenna and Patrick Luttrell were convicted (Waterford News & Star, Fri. 17 June 1921, p. 2). For further information on the Garryricken battle see the podcast of Kilkenny County Library. Also tried by a Waterford military court were Rev. John Loughrey, C.C. of Thomastown and three of his parishioners: John Minogue, Patrick Ryan and James O’Neil. Although the priest was charged with multiple offences the four men were convicted of promoting the Belfast Trade Boycott in March and May 1921. The court sentence for each defendant was a fine of £10 or the alternative was 3 months imprisonment. “All chose the alternative” (Waterford News & Star, Fri. 17 June 1921, p. 3).
Although the military did not apparently order the cancellation of the Waterford Regatta, which should have been held on 30 June, the Waterford Boat Club decided to abandon it due to the “present unsettled state of affairs,” (Freeman’s Journal, Sat. 4 June 1921, p. 6).
New Ross
As violence increased new martial laws restricted gatherings including fairs and markets. In New Ross this extended to the closing of shops. In an article entitled “Excitement in New Ross,” it was reported that Crown Forces visited the shopkeepers in New Ross and ordered them to close on Saturdays from 12 to 4. “There were a number of country people in the town at the time, and the closing of the shops gave rise to considerable speculation, but it transpired, however, that the order was in pursuance of the ban prohibiting the holding of markets” (Waterford News & Star, Fri. 3 June 1921, p. 5). By mid-June one of the New Ross businesses was burned, but the newspaper report does not indicate who may have been responsible. “The premises of Timothy Butler, New Ross, consisting of his dwelling house, shop and store, with the entire contents, were completely destroyed by fire at 3 o’clock yesterday morning. The family who were in bed, were ordered out, getting only a few minutes to dress, and the place was then set on fire by four armed and disguised men who made use of bombs,” (Evening Echo, (Dublin) Tues. 14 June 1921, p. 7). By the end of June it was reported that New Ross men were being commandeered by Crown forces on a daily basis to saturate the bridge crossing the Barrow with water. “Fifteen New Ross men have been commandeered to saturate with water a wooden portion of the big bridge over the Barrow that was recently set on fire. Since the occurrence and accompanied by the town surveyor and Crown forces the urban council’s hose is taken each evening to the bridge to flush the wooden part to prevent it being set on fire again” (Freeman’s Journal, Wed. 29 June 1921, p. 6).
In May it was reported that foot and mouth disease was detected near New Ross. This report immediately stopped the shipping of cattle from Ireland to England. Eventually a 15 mile exclusion zone was established around New Ross and cattle outside the exclusion zone could be shipped. “On the afternoon of May 26th” a Dublin Castle report states, “about 100 armed men raided Newtown farm, New Ross district, Co. Wexford, and intimidated a number of workmen employed in connection with the foot and month disease operations of the Department of Agriculture. They seised and took away all appliances for the slaughter of animals. It is stated that all the carcases had been buried with the exception of a few, and that they were completed the next day” (Waterford News & Star, Fri. 3 June 1921, p. 5). It transpired that the “appliances” seised were picks and shovels used to bury the slaughtered animals. It is assumed that they were taken to “arm” more men for the trenching of roads. On the 24th of June it was reported that Major Little, of Berkley House, New Ross had consented to the slaughter of his cattle and this had been carried out by the Department’s veterinary inspectors, “as no fresh case has occurred in the district, and it is believed that the radius limit of fifteen miles as regards restrictions will be reduced the coming week” (New Ross Standard, Fri. 24 June 1921, p. 5).
Thomastown
On the morning of 3 June 1921 on every route around Thomastown trees had been felled and trenches cut in all roads. In response the Crown forces at 10 a.m. commandeered a large number of men including shopkeepers, shop assistants, and laborers to remove the obstructions. Men were also commandeered from the Inistioge district (New Ross Standard, Fri, 10 June 1921, p. 8). The monthly Thomastown fair that was due to be held on the 7th of June was not held as Thomastown was in the “scheduled area.” Fat pigs were not taken at Thomastown stations for the same reason during the past fortnight. The result has been a serious loss to pig feeders who have pigs fit for sale” (New Ross Standard, Fri, 10 June 1921, p. 8).
Mooncoin
In subtle ways the editors of the local newspapers were able to inform the public that the Crown authorities in Dublin were no longer obtaining good intelligence from outlying areas. An example is found concerning an ambush at Mooncoin, Co. Kilkenny “Segt. Sweetman, Fiddown, is reported killed and a constable seriously wounded in an ambush at Mooncoin. The patrol, numbering 7, were cycling back to Fiddown when heavy fire was opened on them from both sides of the road. A Dublin Castle communique, which possibly refers to the same encounter, states a party of 8 police was attacked at Fiddown, and adds—’Const. Albert Bradford was killed and Constable John Stuart, wounded in the left arm. The police captured four shotguns and 200 cartridges charged with buckshot, a revolver, and revolver ammunition left by the rebels. At the time of receiving this report the attackers were being pursued by a mixed party of Crown forces. The casualties of the attackers are not known’” (New Ross Standard, Fri. 24 June 1921, p. 5).
Glenmore
As we reported in the blog last month due to the trenching of roads and destruction of local bridges the Glenmore Creamery was closed for a month by the military. It was allowed to re-open after the closure (Irish Independent, Fri. 1 July 1921, p. 6). Although there are no reports of road trenching, train or mail raids reported as occurring in or near Glenmore during June, the annual meeting of the Glenmore Creamery was reported. The meeting was held on the 15th of June and it was noted that the “Creamery had received nearly 60,000 gallons more milk in 1920 than in 1919 which brought the total received up to 519,496 gallons, from which 244,965 lbs of butter was made, or an average of 2.32 gallons per lb. The turnover for the year was over £46,000 and a profit of £198, 11s., 1 ½ d., was made.” Given the turbulent times the Company “had deemed it wise to pay a very big premium of £250, for insurance against claims of riot, rebellion and civil commotion.” The article concludes that, “The recent closing of the creamery by military order will considerably lessen its profits for the current year” (Waterford News & Star, Fri. 1 July 1921, p. 10).
There was not a person in Glenmore that was not impacted directly or indirectly by the War by June. Notwithstanding, the raids by Crown forces, men being dragged from their homes, the difficulties of travel on trenched roads and damaged bridges, produce could not be taken to any local fairs or markets because the military ordered them all closed. Farmers had to continue to milk their cows then had to dump the milk because the Creamery was closed. Even the commodities sought by the British such as beef could not be sold because Glenmore was in the Foot and Mouth exclusionary area. Danny Dowling recorded that several area residents indicated that by the time the parish was reeling from the death of John Hartley, of Weatherstown, Glenmore, who was killed in action at Coolbawn on the 18th of June, they were sick of the conflict and just wanted it to end.
Some of the first local newspaper reports of the Coolbawn ambush were carried in the Munster Express (Sat. 25 June 1921, p. 6) and the Kilkenny People (Sat. 25 June 1921, p. 6). Interestingly the Munster Express article is entitled “Castlecomer Affray” while the Kilkenny People article is entitled “Mine Laying Party Attacked.” Both articles report that two men were killed, John Hartley, a native of Weatherstown, Glenmore, who until a few weeks previously had been employed as a shop assistant in the establishment of Mr. T. Grace, Parliament Street, Kilkenny City. The second man killed was Nicholas Mullins, a native of Main Street, Thomastown. The Munster Express reported that the two men were cousins. A third volunteer, Doyle, of Graiguenamanagh, Co. Kilkenny was shot in the leg and captured.
John or Jack Hartley, as he was called by his family, or Sean Hartley as is recorded on the monument erected by his comrades in arms, was the son of Edward Hartley (c. 1865-1947) of Weatherstown, Glenmore. Nicholas Mullins was the son of Laurence Mullins (c. 1860-1913) a native of Gaulstown, Glenmore.
In a future post this month we will provide further information Danny Dowling gathered as well as details regarding how the volunteers who were setting up the ambush at Coolbawn became the hunted.
Dr. Kathleen Moore Walsh
The featured photo above of the IRA volunteers killed in action at Coolbawn, Hartley and Mullins, was a post card courtesy of the National Library of Ireland. It is believed that the postcards were sold to help raise funds for one of the memorials erected for the fallen men.
From Danny’s Files: The Glenmore Social Club
Among Danny Dowling’s voluminous records Pat Dowling recently found a small neon orange coloured poster advertising the 1970 Glenmore Social Club’s annual dance and a folded document entitled “Rules of the Glenmore Social Club,” Glenmore, Co. Kilkenny.
The Rules of the Glenmore Social Club
The undated Rules are typewritten on 3 of the 4 pages of A2 size legal document paper and bound with a brass fastener. There are 29 rules and the signatures of 42 men. The objects of the Club were to maintain the Club house for the use of the members of the Club and to promote social events in and outside of the Club house (Rule 2). Any person 18 or over was eligible to apply for membership (Rule 3) upon recommendation of a member (Rule 4) and would become a member if 2/3’s of members voting accepted the applicant (Rule 6) and the payment of the annual subscription of 2s/6d (Rules 8 & 10). The management of the Club was by a committee of at least 8 members elected at the Annual General Meeting (Rule 16) to be held in September each year (Rule 21) with the accounts of the Club balanced on the 30th of September (Rule 25). In the event of a dissolution the funds, after discharge of all debts, would be equally divided among the members (Rule 28) and all members were equally responsible for any liability of the Officers of the Club, incurred on behalf of the Club, if not covered by insurance or the funds of the Club (Rule 29). In essence the Rules of the Club established a partnership among the members.
Although the Rules do not limit membership to men only men were listed as members. The Rules do not indicate where the Club house was located but Liam Mernagh and Robbie Doherty indicated that there was a small outbuilding in the Village alongside Frank Furlong’s house that was the Club house. Pat Dowling, recalled that his father spoke of Furlong’s card room. The list of the members who signed the undated Rules are listed below.
The Annual Dance
A newspaper search revealed that there were two different dances that were referred to as the “first annual dance” of the Glenmore Social Club. One was in 1944 and the other was in 1973.
The first known annual dance was held on the 6th of August 1943 at the Olympia Ballroom in Waterford. Music was provided by the Waterford Swing Aces Band. Catering was provided by the Mayfair Café, of Waterford, with liquid refreshments provided by M. O’Sullivan & Sons. Dancing took place from 10 p.m. until 4 a.m. “summer time.” The admission to the dance was 3/9 (Munster Express, Fri. 28 July 1944, p. 3). The public were informed that the proceeds from the dance would be devoted towards the cost of repairing the “Social Club Hall” (Munster Express, Fri. 28 July 1944, p. 4) although by all accounts the clubhouse was small and could not hold over 6 to 8 members at any time. An article that appeared in the Munster Express on 11 August 1944 (p. 4) provides more interesting facts concerning the dance.
“GLENMORE SOCIAL CLUB DANCE.— The first annual dance under the auspices of the Glenmore Social Club at the Olympia Ballroom on, Sunday night last, was a pronounced success, despite the many counter-attractions in Tramore and elsewhere. Large crowds cycled from Glenmore, Kilmacow, Ballyfacey, Bigwood, Mooncom, and other rural districts to Waterford for the occasion, and there was, in addition, a large local attendance of patrons. The music was supplied by the Waterford Swing Aces, who were up to the highest expectations; even though one missed the popular leader of the band, Mr. Martin (“Busty”) Griffin, who is convalescing in the County and City Infirmary. The attendance numbered 300 couples approximately, and this must be considered very good, when some huge numbers journeyed to Tramore and other seaside resorts for the weekend. The catering was in the hands of the Mayfair Cafe, and was up to the usual high standard.”
In 1945 the second annual dance was held on the 15th of August. The venue, band, admission fee, catering etc. all remained the same as in 1944. (Munster Express, Fri. 10 Aug.1945, p. 4). The advertisement for the dance ended with “Come and enjoy the dance of the season. A Half-way House from Tramore,” (Munster Express, 27 July 1945, p. 4). The 15th of August remained the date of the dance for years. Robbie Doherty explained that everyone went to Tramore on the 15th of August. While some went to the races others just enjoyed the seaside. After a day at Tramore the popular Glenmore Social Club dance was held at the convenient Olympia Ballroom. On New Year’s Eve of 1945 the Glenmore Social Club held a dance at the Olympia and 500 couples attended “[a] special feature of the programme was the very large number of spot prizes distributed. “Busty” Griffin and his Swing Aces Band, fresh from their recent engagements at Dungarvan, Kilmacthomas, etc. gave a delightful selection of music and were very liberal with encore numbers,” (Munster Express, 4 Jan. 1946, p. 1).
Tragedy struck in 1948 when due to circumstances beyond the control of the Club the annual dance was held on the 19th of June instead of the 15th of August. The Waterford Rhythm Aces Dance Band played with amplification by “Geoff” (Munster Express, 18 June 1948, p. 1). Only 200 dancers attended the annual dance in 1948 (Munster Express, 2 July 1948, p. 5). By 1951 it was being reported that up to 500 couples attended the dance (Munster Express, 24 August 1951, p. 8). A newspaper article in 1955 states that Sean Healy and his band were playing at the Glenmore Annual Social Club Dance (Munster Express, 19 Aug. 1955, p. 11).
“GLENMORE ANNUAL SOCIAL CLUB DANCE—A RESOUNDING SUCCESS—SEAN HEALY PROVIDES MUSIC FOR 7th SUCCESSIVE YEAR—For the past six years, Sean Healy and his band — although its personnel have been changed from time to time — have been providing, to the utmost satisfaction of its patrons, the music for the annual Glenmore Social Club dance. On Monday night last (“The Fifteenth”), from nine until 3 a.m.—for the seventh successive year, the good-humoured Carrick-on-Suir band leader took the stand at the Waterford Olympia Ballroom, Parnell Street, and waved his baton in front of his talented seven-man Waterford combination, who served up a really delightful programme of dance music, to an almost packed “house.” This was the ‘tenth function, under the auspices of the Glenmore Social Club, and its success was indeed a resounding one. It was estimated that upwards of 1,000 patronised the dance, the majority of which came from Co. Kilkenny. On the drums was Pierce White; the trumpeters were Monty Cloony and Jack Bible; Dick Cooper and P. Power were on the saxophones; at the piano was young Paschal Kennedy; double-bass player was Ernie Myser; at the “mike” was soft voiced vocalist, Tommy O’Brien, and the leader himself took over with the accordion. Highlights? Yes, indeed. With the accent on sambas, mambos, and quick-steps, a lively, gay mood prevailed throughout the entire night- One of the selections which really deserve special mention was that in which the following numbers were given a fresh “dressing” up by the entire band: Little Things Mean a Lot: To-morrow; Sunny Side of the Street; and Side by Side. Withal, it was one of the happiest functions held in the Olympia this year.”
The following year the annual dance was declared a success in spite of the poor weather and the names of the Club Committee were published:
“THEY DEFIED THE RAINS.—The Glenmore Social Club’s 11th Annual Dance, held in the Olympia Ballroom, Waterford, on Wednesday, was a remarkable success. Despite an almost continuous downpour, some 1,100 dancers, drawn chiefly from South Kilkenny, patronised this firmly-established annual “August Fifteenth” re-union. The striking popularity of this dance must mainly be credited to the very active committee, the principal members of which are: Messrs. Patrick Irish (hon. sec), Patrick Corcoran (hon. treas.), John Hennessy, Walter Power, Tom Malone, Michael Reddy, and Tom Roche. Music was supplied by Sean Healy’s (Carrick- on-Suir) augmented band” (Munster Express, 17 Aug. 1956, p. 6).
In 1958, the 13th Annual Dance was held on the 15th of August. The admission fee was increased to 5/-, catering was by Mrs. Rice, of Borris, the licensed bar was provided by H. Gallway. Pete Cody and his Orchestra provided the music (Munster Express, 1 Aug. 1958, p. 6). In the 1958 newspapers there were advertisements for several Race Week ballrooms. Tramore boasted the Atlantic and Silver Slipper while Waterford had the Olympia and Arundel Ballrooms (Munster Express, 8 Aug. 1958, p. 6).
The annual dance held on 15 August continued into the 1960’s. The attendance in 1961 was reported at over 1,000 patrons an increase of 300 over the previous year. The Southern Stars Showband from Nenagh, Co. Tipperary was a big hit. (Munster Express, 18 Aug. 1961, p. 14) The only reported tragedy at one of the dances occurred in 1962 when Thomas Whelan, a 42 year-old single farmer from Boolattin, Leamybrien, collapsed and died at the dance. It was reported that the morning of the dance the decedent attended the monthly fair at Dungarvan where he sold about £1,000 worth of cattle. In the afternoon he attended the Tramore races and then went to the dance. It was also reported that the decedent and his two brothers farmed about 1700 acres (Munster Express, 17 Aug. 1962, p. 1). In 1969 the annual dance was held on Sunday the 17th of August in the Olympia, and admission was 10/- to dance to the popular Mick Delahunty Orchestra (New Ross Standard, 9 Aug. 1969, p. 13.
In the 1970’s the annual dance was no longer held in August. The 1970 annual dance of the Glenmore Social Club was held on the 6th of November at the Olympia and the Ravens Showband, from Dublin, played. The following year the annual dance was held on the 3rd of December, at the Olympia and D.J. & Kerry Blues band played (Waterford News and Star, 26 Nov. 1971, p. 20). No newspaper article or advertisement for a dance could be located for 1972, and on Sunday the 18th of February 1973 the “First Annual Dance of the Glenmore Social Club was held in the Mullinavat Hall with a 50 pence charged for admission. The Davitt Brothers, of Wexford, provided the music (Munster Express, 16 Feb. 1973, p. 12). The 1973 dance held in Mullinavat was reported as being an enjoyable dance that drew a good crowd from the southern area as well as from Waterford and New Ross (Munster Express, 23 Feb. 1973, p. 8). No newspaper articles or advertisements for the Glenmore Social Club were found after 1973. It thus appears that on the eve of its 30th anniversary of its first annual dance the dances came to an end. Other bands that played at Glenmore Social Club dances over the years included:
- Andy Smith and his Band (Munster Express, 29 July 1949, p, 8);
- Frankie King and his Band (Munster Express, 14 Aug. 1959, p. 6);
- Kevin O’Doherty and his Showband (Munster Express, 9 Aug. 1963, p. 16); and
- Pacific Showband (Munster Express, 12 Aug. 1966, p. 8).
Christmas Parties & Trophies
According to Robbie Doherty the members of the Club enjoyed playing cards. The clubhouse (alongside Frank Furlong’s house in the Village) was too small to accommodate large card parties or other social events. From the proceeds of the dances the members held Christmas parties that often went on for a couple of days. The members’ Christmas parties were held elsewhere and no newspaper account of any of these parties could be located. The Club did support other local groups by sponsoring trophies and prices. An example was reported in 1962. The Glenmore Athletic Club held its 19th annual sports day at the Skow Bridge with 18 events on the programme. Six cups were presented on the day from: Murphys’ Motors, Snowcream (Waterford); Mr. Brook (New Ross); Dermot McCalmont (Thomastown), the Glenmore Athletic Club and the Glenmore Social Club (New Ross Standard, 25 May 1962, p. 12).
Below is a list of the signatures taken from the rules. Robbie Doherty, on 22 May 2021, kindly identified the townlands of the majority of Club members on the list.
1. Edward O’Connor, (Neddy O’Connor, of Graiguenakill) 2. Patrick Doolan, (Paddy Doolan was reared in the Village and when he married he moved to Ballyverneen) 3. Thomas Aylward (Tommy Aylward, of Ballinclar) 4. Patrick Griffin (Paddy Griffin, of Newtown) 5. Michael Phelan (of Mullinahone) 6.Walter Power(name struck through, appears later in list) 7. William Walsh, of the Village 8. Philip Hoynes, (of Ballybrahee) 9. Luke Murphy, (of Ballybrahee) 10. John Power, (of the Village, believed to be Wattie Power, the postman’s son) 11. Thomas Ryan, (of Milltown) 12. Thomas Roche, Committee Member in 1956 (of Jamestown) 13. Daniel Dowling, (born in the Village, moved to Jamestown c. 1938, moved back to the Village after he married) 14. Michael O’H? 15. Edward Murphy, (of Forristalstown, worked for Kilkenny Co. Council) 16. Pat Power, (of the Village, believed to be son of postman Wattie Power) 17. Richard Dunphy, (of Ballyverneen.) 18. Eric Walsh, (of the Village; drove a taxi) 19. Mick Reddy, Committee Member 1956 (of Robinstown, worked on the Kilkenny Co. Council. Married to Mary Walsh, the sacristan. 20. Michael Power, (of the Village, son of Wattie Power the postman) 21. James Cashin R.I.P. (of the Village, worked in the Creamery) 22. Sean Mernagh R.I.P. 23. Martin Kennedy, (of Kilbride, a builder by trade) 24. John Hennessy, Committee Member 1956 (the Village Blacksmith) 25. Patrick Irish, Secretary of the Club in 1956 (married to Daisy Walsh, lived alongside the National School in the Village, worked at the Creamery) 26. Frank Furlong (of the Village, originally from New Ross) 27. J. Aylward (John Aylward of the Village?) 28. Jas Irish (native of Aylwardstown and brother of Patrick. Nick named “The Skinner.”) 29. John O’Brien, (of the Village, postmaster at Fluskey's. Francis O’Brien’s father) 30. Patrick Murphy 31. Edward Mernagh (son of Sean Mernagh) 32. Sean Power, (of Jamestown) 33. William Hennessy, (of the Village. Blacksmith. Noeleen Fogarty's father) 34. Patrick Power (of the Village, Wattie Power the postman’s son) 35. Seamus Dunphy, (of Ballyverneen; brother of Richie Dunphy) 36. Sean Walsh, (of the Village. Married to Betty McKenna. Built the Village pub in 1963.) 37. Daniel Power, (of the Village, son of Wattie Power, the postman) 38. Michael Power, (of the Village, son of Wattie Power, the postman) 39. Patrick Hennessy (Pakey Hennessy, son of John Hennessy the blacksmith) 40. James Walshe, (Jim B. of the Village?) 41. Walter Power, Committee Member 1956 (of the Village. Postman. Nick name Foxy Wattie Power) 42. Eammon Walsh, (of the Village. Son of Wm. “Bill” Walsh,” worked in the Creamery).
Other known members who did not sign Rules:
Tom Malone—Committee Member per the 1956 published list. (Originally from Tullogher, he workd with Phil Hoynes, of Ballybrahee, for years). Paddy Corcoran—Committee Member per the 1956 published list. (Farmer in Mullinahone, married to Katie McDonald).
Any and all additional information or corrections welcomed. Please forward additions or corrections etc. to glenmore.history@gmail.com. Special thanks to Robbie Doherty and Liam Mernagh for the information they provided regarding the Glenmore Social Club and to Jackie Walsh for sharing the photo of the young Glenmore dance crowd (early 1960’s).
Dr. Kathleen Moore Walsh
The featured black and white photo is the Frankie King Dance Band (Munster Express, 11 Dec. 1959, p. 8).
Old Rural Recreation: Faction Fighting
Danny Dowling interviewed and recorded some interesting information from elderly residents of Glenmore concerning some of the other business transacted during and after fairs and markets–faction fights. To try to put this information in context some general information on faction fighting is first provided.
Faction Fighting
Faction fighting was where large groups of rural men, and sometimes women, would meet to engage in fighting. The faction could be comprised of extended or allied families or persons from the same parish or townland. It is commonly understood that the practice continued until shortly before the Famine when reforms to the police and judicial systems and Father Theobald Matthew’s temperance crusade impacted on it. This pacification movement was also endorsed by Daniel O’Connell and the Catholic Association (Owens, p. 537). Expressions of concern over faction fighting at this time usually had more to do with the image projected than with injuries or deaths resulting from the fights. As long as the Irish could be portrayed as drunken barbarians bashing each other for fun all economic or political hardships could be blamed on the Irish character. However, “even at its worst the level of violence in Ireland was less than that of England” (Conly, p. 67).
Notwithstanding the efforts to stop faction fighting it re-surged after the Famine. Nineteenth century fiction and materials in the folklore archives at UCD suggest that faction fighting was an immensely popular and violent pastime (Thuente, p. 136) and its legend lived on in oral histories recorded in the twentieth century. Faction fighting was often viewed as a sort of release valve that prevented less controlled kinds of violence, and there were not many actual deaths relative to the enormous number of participants (Thuente, p. 137).
Carolyn Conley conducted a study based upon a Return of Outrages prepared by the R.I.C which listed the 1,932 reported homicides between 1866 and 1892 (occurring outside of the metropolitan area of Dublin), newspaper accounts of the killings and court documents. The author concluded that there was tolerance for recreational violence as displayed in faction fights among judges, jurors, police and journalists, witnesses and even victims. Recreational violence was not a form of misplaced resistance by an oppressed rural population, but a form of sport (Conley, p. 60). After the famine with more prosperity more assaults took place. “It was in the most prosperous areas of the countryside that the violent traditions were longest lived” (Conley, p. 58). The goal was not to injure or kill but to participate in a mutual display of skill and strength. Forty-one percent of all Irish homicides (outside of Dublin) between 1866 and 1892 were recreational in origin (Conley, p. 59).
“A formal faction fight, which might involve hundreds of men on each side, usually began with the ritual of wheeling which included chants, stylized gestures and insults. The traditional wheel included the name of the person(s) issuing the challenge as well as the intended opponent” (Conley, p. 60). There were two recognised acts that signified consent to the fight. The wheel and the removal of one’s coat (Conley, p. 61). While wheels might include insults or references to past grievances, a challenge to see who was the better man would suffice for consent. Women who engaged in “the sport” took the same pride in their prowess as their men (Conley, p. 62).
“In keeping with the recreational aspect of fighting there were rules. Though supporting one’s comrades was expected, in most cases justice required roughly even sides…ganging up was not acceptable…nor was continuing to pummel a defeated opponent” (Conley, p. 61). Due to the fact that the participants had to consent to engage in the fight there were numerous instances where onlookers and witnesses expressed to the authorities that they were not in fear when a faction fight commenced, thus making a conviction for riot impossible. Acceptable weapons included: fists, feet, teeth, stones and sticks. Two and a half percent of the homicide victims in Conley’s study died from kicks and five from infected bites (Conley, p. 62).
The most popular venues for recreational fighting were fairs, markets, and races. “One hundred people died as a result of brawls in these settings, but only a third of the killers served any jail time and only nine served more than two years” (Conley, p. 65). “Brawls were such an integral part of wakes” that even deaths did not make the incidents serious to authorities. Not one person was convicted in any of the fourteen homicides that occurred at wakes and funerals (p. 65). Even in twenty-one cases in which innocent bystanders were killed, deaths from brawls were considered regrettable but not serious. Twenty-six children were killed from injuries sustained in brawls. Only seven of the killers served any jail time at all. Only four people were sentenced to more than two years for the death of a bystander. The brawling tradition began so early in life that a quarter of the children less than sixteen years of age (killed by non-relatives) were killed by another child under the age of sixteen.
Danny Dowling Interviews
On the 22nd of May 1964 Danny Dowling interviewed Nicholas Forristal (1888-1979) of Graiguenakill, Glenmore. Nicky the Miller recalled hearing that the fair or market held at Nash in Wexford had two families that were great faction fighters, the Gunnups and Quigleys. In one of the factions was a family with eleven brothers and one sister. On one of the fair days the sister said—“There is twelve o’clock and not a stroke struck yet. She had a stone in her stocking and she started the melee by striking one of the opposition.” Nicky informed Danny that a stone in the stocking was a dangerous weapon.
Nicky stated that there were various Glenmore factions during nineteenth century at about the time his father was born in 1849 “Grants had upper side of parish, and Paddy Merrigan of Milltown, was the leader of another from the Jamestown side.” A member of the Merrigan faction was Paddy “the Weaver” Walsh from Glenmore Village. Paddy “the Weaver” Walsh cut, prepared, and seasoned the sticks used as weapons by the Merrigan faction.
“On a certain occasion in Glenmore Village before the pubs were out of it, there was a wake in Hanrahan’s house in the Village (alongside Fluskey’s). As the pub was closing members of the rival factions started drifting into the wake. It was a lovely night. Paddy the Weaver was at the wake and someone said to him it was a fine night and he replied, ‘It is a fine night but I think it will be a bloody morning.’ He was anticipating a big row.” Danny Dowling noted that the Glenmore parish priest in about 1870 caused the three Glenmore pubs to close and Glenmore parish remained dry for nearly 100 years making it a very unique Village. Hanrahan’s house in the Village where the wake was being held was the house where Danny Dowling was born in 1927.
Nicky said people were very crude and backward then, and when they got a few pints they deliberately set out to create rows. “The order of the day then was to return home from fairs and hooleys with blood all over you. That was held to be a sign that you were a good man.” Nicky stated that “Watt Power, of Jamestown, was an awful man for rising rows.” He always believed in having blood on him before returning home. He and his wife had a shebeen for awhile where Dick Whelan was living in 1964. “Watt used tell sometime that he had been fighting with Phil Dyháwdin from around Ross. Phil DyhAwdin was renowned as a fierce fighter. Watt, of course, never had anything to do with him.”
James McDonald, of Ballyfacey, Glenmore was interviewed by Danny Dowling on the 11th of June 1970. James reported that Big Jack Ryan of Knockhouse, Kilmacow, was the first of the Ryans to come to Guilcogh, Tullogher to where Richie Ryan was located in 1970. It was due to faction fighting that Big Jack Ryan went to Guilcogh. The Norris family, of Guiclogh, “were the leaders of a great faction fighting team and always won their combats. As they were getting on a bit, they felt that they could not last much longer at the top. Jack Ryan was a great big man and was a renowned faction fighter, so Norris said that if he could get Ryan, he would continue to win the faction fights. Norris therefore got Ryan, brought him to Guilcogh and got him married to his daughter. Ryan had three sons with this Norris girl. She died on the birth of the fourth child. After Ryan joined the Norris faction team it continued to win fights for a long period.
James McDonald stated that after his first wife died Ryan married a girl named Long and had more children. Ryan was said to have divided the farm to each of his four children from his first wife. Each of the four children received ten acres of land. The land allocated to each was too small to support a family. The four children asked their father to give them each four pounds in order for them all to go to America. Ryan gave the four children the money. The four children emigrated to America. The land reverted to Ryan and he divided it among the children he had by his second wife. Unfortunately, in reviewing early parish records the only marriage that could be located between a Ryan and Norris was in 1860 where Thomas Ryan married Margaret Norris in Guilcogh on 12 June 1860.
On the 16th of January 1956, Walter Power (c. 1888-1961) of Jamestown, Glenmore shared with Danny Dowling a poem that the elderly residents of Glenmore recited when he was a lad. It alleges that the first faction fight in Old Ireland was “all on account of St. Patrick’s Day.”
Some fought for the eighth, For the ninth some would die, And whoever said wrong, They would blacken his eye, Until Father Mulcahy, he told them their sin, He said boys don’t be fighting but sometimes combine, Don’t be always disputing about 8 and 9, Combine 8 and 9, 17 is the mark, And let that be his birthday, Amen said the Clerk.
Ironically, the last known faction fight involving Glenmore participants, that Danny Dowling identified, was reported in the New Ross Standard, just a day after St. Patrick’s day in 1893. Fourteen persons, including a woman, were arrested for the faction fight that occurred in Rosbercon after the New Ross fair. According to the newspaper account the court was packed with spectators for the trial of the faction fighters.
If anyone has any corrections or additional information please send it to glenmore.history@gmail.com.
[Additional information from Peter Walsh of Rathinure, Glenmore 20 May 2021–Maths and Irish Teacher, at Good Counsel College of New Ross, Mr. Toby Kavanagh, collected Irish folklore and told his students in 1969/1970 that the shillelagh black thorn sticks used in faction fights were coated in goose greese and put up the chimney for the smoke to harden them.]
The featured drawing is entitled “The Kilkenny Election,” published in the Graphic on 17 Dec. 1890 (p. 723) and depicts a scene at Castlecomer where Parnell was present when “a regular good old fashion faction fight began.” (c) The British Library Board.
Dr. Kathleen Moore Walsh
Carolyn Conley (1999) “The Agreeable Recreation of Fighting,” 33(1) Journal of Social History 57-72.
Gary Owens, (1997) “A Moral Insurrection: Faction Fighters, Public Demonstrations and the O’Connellite Campaign, 1828” 30(12) Irish Historical Studies 513-541.
Mary Helen Thuente (1985) “Violence in Pre-Famine Ireland: The Testimony of Irish Folklore and Fiction Author(s),” 15(2) Irish University Review 129-147.