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From Danny’s Files: The Early Public Transport Through Glenmore
Danny Dowling (1927-2021) for over seven decades collected a vast amount of information on Glenmore. His files are a treasure trove of interviews he conducted, articles and books, and newspaper clippings etc. The following front page advertisement from 1824 was copied by Danny Dowling (1927-2021) from the Waterford Mirror (Sat. 12 June 1824, p. 1). It provides a glimpse how people with money were able to travel to and from Waterford City in the first half of the 19th century via “The Commercial Day Car Establishment.”
After 1798 the main road from Waterford to New Ross was altered such that it no longer went through the Village itself. We know that by the time Mr. Leonard was murdered on the hill of Glenmore in 1833, the Waterford-New Ross road by-passed Glenmore Village. It is likely that the alteration took place prior to 1824. (See our post of 14 December 2019 regarding the early roads and maps. For further information on the 1833 murder see our post of 9 February 2020).
Unfortunately toll bridges at Waterford and New Ross kept many people from accessing New Ross and Waterford. The only other market town of any size was Thomastown about 17 miles (28 kilometres) from Glenmore. The obstacles of toll bridges and distance probably contributed to the isolation that allowed Irish to be spoken in many Glenmore homes right up to the 20th century. In 1867, the Ida a river steamer began to sail between Waterford and New Ross. Although Glenmore people had to be rowed across the Barrow to a hulk on the Wexford side, it was very popular mode of transportation. (For further information on the Ida see our post of 29 February 2020).
Below is the 1824 advertisement. All cars traveling to Wexford passed through Glenmore Parish. We believe that the cars that went to Kilkenny via Mullinavat also passed through Cat’s Rock in Glenmore Parish.
The advertisement was placed by Charles Bianconi (1786-1875) the founder of Ireland’s first public transport system. For further information on Bianconi see McElroy & Butterfield, Dictionary of Irish Biography. We have attempted to present the advertisement as it was published with capitalizations, italics etc., but removed a couple of destinations. Editorial comments and explanations that are not part of the original advertisement have been placed in square brackets [ ].
The Commercial Day Car Establishment, Waterford 1824
The Public are respectfully informed, that the DAY CARS for PASSENGERS and PARCELS, leave Commin’s Hotel, Quay, opposite the Market-House, EVERY DAY (Sunday excepted) for the following places; and the Proprietor begs to assure his Friends and the Public, that no expense or exertion on his part has been spared, to have this, so useful an Establishment, appointed with careful and sober Drivers, good Horses and comfortable, safe and easy Cars, and at most reasonable Fares. [The Cummin’s Hotel is today the Granville Hotel, of Waterford. For a concise history of the Granville and Bianconi see, “Ask Ireland” webpage.]
The LIMERICK CAR leaves this Office every Morning at 5 o’clock—Through Carrick, Clonmel, Caher, Tipperary and Landscape; and arrives at GLEEN’S Hotel, Limerick at 5 ½ o’clock, same day. [The distance between Waterford City and Limerick is approximately 78 miles or 126 kilometres. This journey took 12 ½ hours.]
The WEXFORD CAR at 8 o’clock, Traveling Five Miles an Hour—through Ross, Fook’s-Mills, Taghon; and arrives at the Royal Mail Coach Office, Wexford, at 3 o’clock; leaves it at 8 o’clock, and arrives at Waterford in time to proceed to Kilkenny, and by the Regulator to Clonmel, same day. [Today the distance to drive from the Granville Hotel, Waterford to Wexford Town is approximately 56.6 kilometres or 35 miles. However, the route today is shorter than the Wexford Car route of 1824. It took a passenger in 1824 seven hours to make this journey.]
The CORK CAR every morning at 5 o’clock—Through Carrick, Clonmel, Caher, Mitchell’s Town, Fermoy, Watergrass-Hill; and arrives at the Car Office, Patrick’s street, corner of Prince street, before 7 o’clock, afternoon; leaves at 3 ½ o’clock, and arrives at Waterford by a quarter past 7 o’clock.
The TELFORAPH every Morning at 5 o’clock—Traveling Six Miles an Hour, and arrives in Clonmel 20 minutes past 9 o’clock; leaves Clonmel at 3 o’clock, evening, and arrives at Waterford, 20 minutes past 7.
To DUBLIN, BY KILKENNY CAR, every day at 3 o’clock—Passengers forwarded by Day Coach next Morning, at 6 o’clock, and arrives at 15, Duke street, Dublin before 5 o’clock; leaves same Office at 9 o’clock, and arrives in Kilkenny by 7 o’clock, and proceeds to Waterford by Day Car next morning at 6 o’clock, and arrives before 11 o’clock. [This journey took 16 hours to 27 hours depending on if the night was spent in Kilkenny City.]
THURLES CAR at 8 o’clock, Morning—Through Carrick, Clonmel, New Inn, Cashel, Holy-Cross, and arrives at Quinlan’s Hotel, Thurles, at 7 o’clock. Evening; leaves Thurles at 5 o’clock next Morning, and arrives at Waterford at 4 o’clock, giving Passengers an Hour to transact Business at Clonmel, to and from Thurles.
ENNISCOROTHY CAR at 8 o’clock, Monday—Through Ross, where Passengers are allowed nearly two hours to transact Business, and arrives at Enniscorothy in time to proceed to Dublin by Mail Coach through the County Wicklow; leaves Enniscorothy at 8 o’clock, after the arrival of the Dublin Mail, and arrives at Waterford with the Wexford Car.
KILKENNY CAR every day at 3 o’clock—Through Mullinavat, Ballyhale, Stonyford, and by the Merino Factory, and arrives at Bush Tavern, before 9 o’clock, in time to proceed by the Cork Mail to Dublin same Night, or by the Day Coaches or Caravan next Morning to Dublin.
ROSCREA CAR at 5 o’clock in the Morning—Through Carrick, Clonmel, Feathard, Cashel, (Thurles, o’clock), Templemore, and arrives at Roscrea in time for the Dublin Coach; and leaves Roscrea every Morning, and arrives in Waterford at 20 minutes past 7 o’clock, same Evening.
The CLONMEL REGULATOR with Two Horses, and Travelling Six Miles an Hour including all stops, at 3 o’clock and arrives at Clonmel 7 o’clock; leaves Clonmel at 6 o’clock in the Morning and arrives in Waterford at 10 o’clock.
CARRICK CARS 6 and 8 o’clock in the Morning; 3 o’clock in the Afternoon.
ROSS CARS at 8 o’clock every Morning, 3 and 5 in the Evening; leaves Ross at 6 and 7 o’clock in the Morning , and One o’clock in the Afternoon. [The distance between The Granville Hotel, of Waterford and the Quay in New Ross is approximately 14 miles or 23 kilometres.] …
DUNMORE and TRAMORE CARS, as usual, at every necessary hour.
The Proprietor will not be accountable for any Money, Plate, Jewels or Millinery whatsoever, or for any article above the value of Two Pounds Sterling; neither will he be answerable for Damages occasioned by wet or friction. Hats, Coats, Umbrellas, or any undirected Parcels not taken in charge at any of the Offices connected with this Establishment, and for which he will not therefore be accountable. 20 lbs. of Luggage allowed to Passenge3rs, Free; for any quantity over that weight and under 50 lbs. 1d per lb.; under 80 Miles 1 ½ d; and for any distance over that, 2d per lb.
CHARLES BIANCONI, PROPRIETOR
E. COMMINS, Agent
Waterford, June 7, 1824
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Please send any corrections, additional information or photos to glenmore.history@gmail.com
Dr. Kathleen Moore Walsh
The drawing of the horse drawn vehicle above was at the top of the advertisement in the Waterford Mirror.
James O’Neill (1857-1933) native of Rochestown, Glenmore [Updated]
The National Archives has the Irish Merchant Navy Crew Lists 1857-1922 and the index is available on line. The list has the names of two sailors who listed Glenmore as their place of birth. Today, we are going to highlight James O’Neill who provided to the authorities that he was born in Rochestown, Kilkenny in 1853 or 1858 depending on the various crew lists for ships upon which he worked. James O’Neill provides a perfect example of Glenmore people moving to an urban area for more opportunities.
The O’Neill Family of Rochestown, Glenmore
The name Neil/Neill (locally pronounced nail) or O’Neill was not a common name in Rochestown in the mid to late 19th century. Bridget Walsh of Rochestown on 20 August 1855 at Glenmore, married Richard Neil. The witnesses to the marriage were James Murphy and Mary Ryan. This marriage produced seven sons. Their baptisms allow us to track the family from Rochestown Glenmore to Ferrybank. The family moved sometime between 1869 and 1873 to Ferrybank.
[Update–Per the 1957 obituary (below) of James’s son Richard O’Neill (1890-1957) his father and grandfather worked on the Suir Ferry that plied between Ferrybank and Waterford City. Thus it appears that his grandfather moved the family to Ferrybank between 1869 and 1873 to take up a job as a ferryman.]
Their eldest child, [1] James Neil was baptized on 15 January 1857 at Rochestown. His Godparents were James Neil and Margaret Maher.
[2] John Neill was baptized at Rochestown on 11 October 1859 at Rochestown. His Godparents were John Doyle and Margaret Kennedy.
[3] Michael Neill was baptized at Rochestown on 22 June 1862. His Godparents were John Haberlin and Mary Gahan. Michael O’Neill (labouer) married Margaret Burns on 6 September 1903 at Trinity Without, Waterford.
[4] Daniel Neill was baptized on 18 May 1865. His Godparents were William Walsh and Judith Malone. Daniel Neill (labourer) married Joanna Power on 10 May 1890 at Trinity Within Waterford. Her father was John Power (labourer).
[5] Richard Neil was baptized on 11 August 1867. His Godparents were Thomas Connolly and Maria Gahan. Richard Neil married Ellen Frisby at Ferrybank on 23 October 1894. At the time of the wedding Richard was employed as a sailor. A Richard Neil was located on the Irish Merchant Navy Crew Lists 1857-1922, however this Richard Neil stated in December 1885 that he was born in Waterford in 1863.
[6] Laurence Neill was born on 25 June 1869 at Rochestown. His Godparents were James Walsh and Mary Hennebery.
[7] Thomas Neill was born on 15 April 1873 at Ferrybank per the Civil Birth Register. His mother, Brigid Neil née Walsh registered his birth and made “her mark” on the Register rather than signing it. The Slieverue Church records reveal that Thomas was born on 29 January 1873 and was baptised on 31 January 1873. His Godparents were Michael Walsh and Ellen Dargan. Thomas Neill, of Ferrybank, married Bridget Sutton on 27 June 1900. The bride’s father was John Sutton (labourer).
Richard Neil and Bridget Neil née Walsh
It was difficult to locate birth or death records for Richard Neil and his wife Bridget Walsh. A Richard Neil was baptized 23 September 1832 at Ballahabuck (sic) Glenmore to Daniel Neil and his wife Mary Warran. A Richard Neil was baptized 24 March 1840 at Rahanure (sic) Glenmore the son of Laurence Neil and Ellen Kennedy. Rathinure is adjacent to Rochestown, but given Richard married Bridget in 1855 it is unlikely he was born in 1840.
In terms of Bridget Neil née Walsh a death record was found for a Bridget Neil who died 24 August 1888 at Kilmurry, Slieverue. She was a 74 year old widow of farm a labourer. Her son James Neil was present at her death. This may be Bridget Neil née Walsh except her age would be incorrect. Bridget Neil née Walsh had her last son in 1873. If she were 74 in 1888, she was born about 1814 and she would have been 59 when she gave birth to Thomas in 1873.
A Richard Neill died 29 January 1873 at the Waterford workhouse hospital. He was a married labourer 60 years of age. He died of chronic bronchitis. If this is Bridget Neil née Walsh’s husband he was born about 1813 and died the day their youngest son Thomas was born.
James O’Neill (1857-1933) Native of Rochestown, Glenmore
As stated above James O’Neill was born in Rochestown in 1857 per his baptismal record. When signing on as a crew member James gave different years of birth. For example, in 1881 he gave his birth year as 1853, yet the previous year he gave his birth year as 1858. What is consistent in the records is his place of birth, Rochestown, Kilkenny.
Able Seaman
James O’Neill (b. 1853 at Rochestown, Kilkenny) signed onto the Geraldine at Waterford on 9 May 1881 as an able seaman. He was required to be on board at 6 a.m. It was agreed that he would be paid £3 per month and was given an advance of 1/10. There was no agreed weekly or monthly allotment to be paid. He was discharged at Waterford on 3 September 1881. He was paid the balance of his wages or £9 10d at his discharge (Ireland, Crew Lists & Shipping Agreements, 1863-1920).
James O’Neill (b. 1852, Kilkenny) joined the Lynwood (Vessel Number 73993) on 4 July 1888 at Waterford as an able seaman and reported his age as 36. He left the ship on 15 October 1888 (Aberystwyth, Wales, Index to Crew Lists, 1850-1914).
James O’Neill & Annie O’Neill née Butler
On June 23, 1886 James O’Neil (sailor) married Anne Butler, of the Mall, Waterford. The couple were married in Trinity Within, of Waterford City. The bride’s father was John Butler, the Mall, Waterford City.
The 1901 Census provides that James had given up being a sailor and was employed as a general labourer. The family was residing on the Lower Yellow Road, Waterford City. James and Annie were both 40 years of age, and they had 7 children. Helpfully Annie’s surname was recorded as Butler in the census. In 1901 the couple had five boys and two girls. Their son John O’Neill was 13; Richard O’Neill was 12; Mary O’Neill was 10; Thomas O’Neill was 7; Laurence O’Neill was 5; George O’Neill was 3 and Annie O’Neill was 1.
The 1911 Census finds the family living at 23 New Ports Lane, Waterford City. James O’Neill reported his profession as “boatman.” He was 49, but his wife Annie was only 46. Their children who were still at home included: John O’Neill, aged 23 was employed as a van man; Richard O’Neill was 21 and was a van man; Thomas O’Neill was 18 and also a van man; Laurence O’Neill was 15 and employed as a messenger; George O’Neill was 13 and still at school; as were Annie O’Neill, aged 11 and Bridget O’Neill aged 8.
We believe in 1911 their daughter Mary O’Neill was working as a domestic servant for Alderman Richard Hearne, J.P. and family at 5 William St., Waterford City. She gave her age as 17 and recorded that she had been born in County Kilkenny. We know from her father’s obituary below that he was employed by the Waterford Corporation as a ferryman for over 40 years at the time of his death in 1933.
[Update–Their son Richard O’Neill (1890-1957) also worked on the Suir Ferry until it stopped operating. Obituaries for Richard (1890-1957) and his brother Thomas O’Neill (c. 1893-1980) are below.]
Deaths
James O’Neill, of Newport Lane, Waterford died 11 July 1933, aged 70 years at the County Hospital. His profession was listed as labourer, he was married and died of bronchitis and senility. His widow, Anne O’Neill died 15 November 1940 at 24 Newport Lane, aged 70. Their son Richard O’Neill, of 19 Morrison’s Road, was present when she died of cardiac failure.
James and Annie O’Neill must have lived a quiet life as no local newspaper articles could be located regarding them. A short obituary was located for James O’Neill.
“FERRYMAN’S DEMISE—The death occurred on Wednesday morning at St. Patrick’s Hospital, of Mr. James O’Neill, Newport’s Lane, who had been ferryman at the Corporation ferry for over forty years. The late Mr. O’Neill was well known among a wide circle, particularly devotees of boating, and although 70 years of age, he was working as usual up to nine months ago, when he was first stricken with illness” (Munster Express, Fri. 14 July 1933, p. 2). According to my calculations James O’Neill was 77 years of age when he died in 1933.
From a quick review of local newspapers it appears that the Waterford Ferry was in operation since ancient times. At some point the ferry service was purchased by the Waterford Bridge Committee. By 1920 it was reported that the service needed an update to meet the needs of the new meat factory being built at Cromwell’s Rock (Waterford News & Star, Fri. 19 March 1920, p. 2). In 1925 it was reported that the Sunday Service was operating at a loss. The receipts on the Sunday Ferry Service for the 4 weeks ending 8 February were £4 19/3 and wages £5 12/-, leaving a loss of 12/9 (Munster Express, Fri. 13 Feb. 1925, p. 5).
For a fascinating short article on the Waterford Ferry see, P.J. Ryan (1997) “Memories of the Old Waterford Ferry” Old Kilkenny Review 1997, p. 163-165. Interestingly, two cousins named John and Dick O’Neill worked as Waterford ferrymen in the 1930’s and 1940’s. Hopefully further research can confirm if they were sons or nephews of James O’Neill (1857-1933).
Further Research
[Thanks to a Waterford reader who was a neighbour we learned that Dick O’Neill was the son of James O’Neill and Dick died about 1955 at his home on Morrisson’s Road, Waterford. Two obituaries were located for 1957.]
Obituary for Richard “Dick” O’Neill (1890-1957) Suir Ferryman
The Munster Express (Fri. 17 May 1957, p. 2) provided, MR. RICHARD O’NEILL—a retired Corporation worker, of Morrisson’s Road, Waterford, who fell down the stairs in his home yesterday (Thursday) fortnight, and sustained severe head injuries, died at St. Patrick’s Hospital, John’s Hill, on Tuesday. He was removed to the hospital in an unconscious condition and passed away without regaining consciousness.
Husband of the late Mrs. Ellen O’Neill (nee O’Riordan), deceased was for a long number of years employed on the Waterford Corporation ferry service before it was discontinued some years ago. Mr. O’Neill’s father and grandfather before him were also employed in a similar capacity. On the dissolution of the ferry service, Mr. O’Neill was appointed caretaker of the John’s Lane Park, and subsequently was employed in different capacities by the Corporation. He retired last September.
Father of Messrs. James O’Neill, Morrisson’s Road, attached ot the Waterford G.P.O.; Sean O’Neill, Convent Hill, Waterford-Massey Ironfounders, Ltd.; Thomas O’Neill, Armatage Staffs, England and Mrs. Kathleen Walsh, The Aviary, Marian Park. He was brother of Mr. Thomas O’Neill, Newport St., Waterford Accompanied by a large and representative cortege the remains were conveyed to the Church of the Holy Faith on Tuesday. (Munster Express, Fri. 17 May 1957, p. 2).
The Waterford News & Star, (Fri. 17 May 1957, p. 3) provided further information, “The name of O’Neill in Waterford was synonymous with the Suir ferry, which was operated by the Corporation up to some years ago. Richard O’Neill, his father, and his grandfather, each in turn, ran the ferry service.”
Obituary for Thomas O’Neill (c. 1893-1980)
While looking for the ferryman John O’Neill we came across the obituary for James’s son Thomas (c. 1893-1980).
The Munster Express (Fri. 17 Oct. 1980, p. 2) published, “Mr. Thomas O’Neill, of 24 Newport’s Terrace, Waterford, whose death took place recently in Ardkeen Hospital, was in his earlier years employed by Messrs. M. O’Sullivan and Sons Ltd. Ballinaneeshagh and formerly of High St., Waterford. He was aged87 and was pre-deceased by hi wife, Mrs. Agness O’Neill. He was father of Mr. Martin O’Neil, Gracedieu Road, Waterford and Mrs. Nan Power, Doyle Street, do. His remains were removed to Ballybricken Church ad following Requiem Mass, the funeral took place for interment in St. Otteran’s Cemetery, Ballinaneeshagh.” The Waterford News & Star (Fri. 3 Oct. 1980, p. 19) listed a second son Mr. Thomas O’Neill, England and noted that his daughter Mrs. Nan Power, Shopkeeper, Doyle Street. He left 9 grandchildren and 20 great-grandchildren.
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The featured drawing above is “The Ferry Boat,” an engraving from Lady’s Own Paper, Sat. 8 October 1870, p. 4.
Please send any corrections, further information or photos to glenmore.history@gmail.com .
Dr. Kathleen Moore Walsh
Captain C.F. McLoughlin (1897-1967) of the Glenmore Volunteers, Part II
For Part 1 see our post of 26 May 2025.
1916-1919
On Fred McLoughlin’s release after about a month’s detention he carried on activities as before. (Heffernan letter, p. 1) After McLoughlin returned the Glenmore Volunteers resumed drilling and this time some new men joined as public opinion turned in their favour (Mernagh letter, p. 4)
McLoughlin went to Gorey in the autumn of 1916, but returned to Glenmore from time to time. During 1917, 1918 and 1919, while living in Glenmore he continued and intensified his volunteer activities. He took part in the Waterford City by-election and the volunteers were active in the General Election of 1918. During the conscription crisis of 1918 he was on the run for months (Heffernan letter, p. 2). Ellen’s eldest son, Jimmy Cassin joined the volunteers. Cassin was working for Tom Mullins in Flemingstown (Cassin letter, p. 1).
About 1918 a large body of men from Ballybrahe, Weatherstown and Ballyfacey marched to Coolnaleen to link up with another large group. Elections were held at that time and Fred McLoughlin was again appointed Captain, Jack Hartley, Weatherstown 1st Lieutenant; Jack Doherty of Coolnaleen was appointed 2nd Lieutenant (Power letter, p. 2).
McLoughlin’s Glenmore Headquarters
Of all the letters submitted by Glenmore people on behalf of McLoughlin the one containing the most detail of the activities of the Company was that of John Power, Jr. He stated that from an early stage, Fred McLoughlin was experimenting with explosives and trying to make gunpowder. Power had a new bicycle about 1918 and several times lent it to McLaughlin to make long journeys. Power constantly carried dispatches for McLoughlin. Although McLoughlin lived with his aunts in Glenmore Village he made his headquarters Pat Walsh’s farm in Ballybrahee less than a mile from the Village.
John Power, Jr. worked for Pat Walsh. The barn, boiler house, the haggard and other places on the farm were used for volunteer purposes. Buckshot from moulds was made in the boiler house where cartridges were loaded. The loaded cartridges were tested in the fields (Power letter, p. 2). McLoughlin was also experimenting with making bombs. “Some of the powder made by Fred McLoughlin was very strong and a gun would not stand more than a small amount in a cartridge” (Power letter, p. 2).
Power stated that during the Black and Tan period (after the end of WWI c. 1918-1922) the Glenmore Company cut trees, dug trenches and demolished bridges to block roads and hamper communication of the enemy. Power was usually on outpost duty armed with a shotgun. He noted that it took three nights to break one bridge on the Pill. When it finally collapsed Dick Ryan was standing on it and went down into the Pill with it (Power letter, p. 1).
The Civil War
At the outbreak of the Civil War there were divisions in Glenmore amongst the men. McLoughlin arrived from Dublin about the end of July. Power, Neddy Purcell and some others got in touch with McLoughlin and continued their activities as they were anti-Treaty. Power borrowed Pat Walsh’s spring car and drove it from Ballybrahee to a place outside of Waterford where McLoughlin had dumped some munitions stolen from General Prout’s arm. Power noted that this was the army that had taken Waterford in 1922 (Power letter, p. 3). For further details regarding the Siege of Waterford see our post of 17 July 1922.
Soon thereafter, McLoughlin’s mother, Sarah Jane McLoughlin née Heffernan died 17 May 1923 at Tullow, Carlow, at the age of 54 of tubercular meningitis.
McLoughlin’s Account of His Service
On 7 December 1933, McLoughlin filed an 8 page application for a military pension. Within this document he provided important details concerning his service, incarceration, injuries and employment. In 1933, he was residing at 35 Marlboro Road, Donnybrook. He applied under the name of Con. F. McLoughlin.
McLoughlin in his 1933 application stated that he was a volunteer in the I.R.A. from 1913 to 1923. He first volunteered in Glenmore in 1913. His commanding Officer in 1913 was Nick Curran N.T. (National teacher). McLoughlin noted in the application that Curran was deceased. From 1914 until the summer of 1915 McLoughlin was a Captain of the Blackrock College Corps. As a senior school boy, he organised and drilled independently this non-affiliated unit (1933 Application, p. 2).
From summer 1915 to 1919, McLoughlin was the Captain of the Glenmore Company, of the Kilkenny Regiment. He listed his commanding Officers as T. Treacy, Brigadier and M. Kealy, Commandant of the Southern Battalion. In 1919, he served under T.D. Synott, Enniscorthy in the Gorey area organising. He was attached to the Kilkenny brigade. In 1920 he served with J Co. of the Dublin City Brigade. J. Freaney was the Captain of J Company. At the end of 1920 McLoughlin was back in Glenmore and engaged in an attempted ambush at Lucy Rock in Ballyverneen (1933 Application, p. 2).
McLoughlin became a Lieutenant in J. Co. (Dublin) in 1921 under Captain J. Freaney and Capt. J. Goulding. The following year he became Captain and remained active until disabled. His commanding officer was P. Houlihan, Commandant (1933 Application, p. 2).
Wounds
McLoughlin stated that during his service he suffered shrapnel wounds from a bomb which he described as minor to his right hand. This wound was received during independent action (evading capture) in 1920. His second shrapnel wound injured his left hand. It too was described as minor and was received during the defence of the Talbot St. area of Dublin in 1922.
McLoughlin suffered serious bullet wounds on 13 October 1922 that caused deformity of his left hand, wrist and forearm. He claimed these injuries were received while engaged in organizing and leading authorized local action against civil disturbers at Clonaslee, Leix. At that time and place he was using the name O’Sullivan (1933 Application, p. 2).
The Irish Civil War began on the 28th of June 1922. A review of a contemporary Nationalist and Leinster Times article (Sat. 28 Oct. 1922, p. 3) provided that this little village in the North-West corner of Leix was embroiled in a strike of farm labourers. An un-named organiser “came amongst the farmers and the tide began to turn.” The farmers after having crops destroyed etc. formed a Parish Protection Party as well as a “Flying Column.” There is no mention of anyone being shot in the newspaper article. Based upon the foregoing and the fact his employer paid his hospital bill, even though it was in the name of O’Sullivan, it appears that the Clonaslee incident was related more to McLoughlin’s work for the Farmers’ Union than it related to his work for the I.R.A.
Resulting Illnesses
McLoughlin claimed “Ordinary health, as schoolboy and youth was good, till endangered by volunteer activities.” As a result of hardships and exposure experienced while organising volunteers and campaigning on borders of East Wexford, Waterford, Kilkenny and Tipperary at Easter 1916 and while detained in New Ross, Wexford, Richmond Barracks, Dublin before deportation to Wakefield in May 1916, McLoughlin suffered occasional ill health (1933 Application, p. 3).
McLoughlin revealed in his application that while at Blackrock he was treated and isolated with mumps in 1912 or 1913 (1933 Application, p. 4). We also discovered that his grandmother, Elizabeth Heffernan of Glenmore died outside the Chapel in Tullow in May 1913 (Carlow Nationalist, Sat. 24 May 1913, p. 8). See our family H surname page for the full article.
McLoughlin noted that while he was held at Wakefield he was placed on bread and water and suffered several assaults from a British Army N.C.O. During the interment he lost a stone in weight and it took a long time for him to recover. In 1918 he contracted influenza and pneumonia while “on the run” during the anti-conscription campaign. In 1921 he had a minor rheumatic attack aggravated by camping with Battalion J as Lieutenant. He attended Dr. Powell of Fitzwilliam Square during this period (1933 Application, p. 3).
McLoughlin had surgery performed by Dr. V. McCallister at Mater Hospital, Dublin in October 1922 for bullet wounds. He was in St. Patrick’s accident ward under the name of O’Sullivan. He recalled that the wounds were dressed regularly by a student who later qualified as Dr. M. O’Donnelly (1933 Application, p. 3). He was admitted to the Mater on the 13th or 14th of October 1922 and released about the 12th of November. He attended out-patient massage for a further period (1933 Application, p. 4). His hospital and surgical expenses were about £18 and were paid by the Irish Farmers’ Union (1933 Application, p. 2).
The Board contacted McLoughlin’s former commanding officer in Wexford T.D. Synott. Synott verified that McLaughlin came under his command about 1917 and remained until 1919. He served as an officer of the Glenmore Corps and was attached to the Wexford Brigade at Gorey. Synott stated that he knew McLoughlin “He came to Enniscorthy for munitions on one or two occasions in early 1918. Later (?) to form a company at Gorey.” Synott was not aware of any illness or injuries McLaughlin suffered during the time McLaughlin was in his command.
Employment History
McLoughlin reported that he was a free-lance writer from 1915 to 1919. He was also employed as a teacher in 1916-1917 although he failed to state where he taught. From 1919-1920 he worked as a journalist for the Enniscorthy Echo. From 1920-1928 he was the sub-editor of The Irish Farmer and then the Assistant General Secretary of the Irish Farmers’ Union (1933 Application, p. 3). McLoughlin became the publications manager for Cabell & Co. in 1928 and was still in the position when he filed his application in 1933 (1933 Application, p. 4).
On the 14th of July 1937 the Military Registration Board certified that McLoughlin was a member of Oglaigh na h-Eireann (I.R.A.) having engaged in military service from 1917-1919 as a volunteer in Kilkenny and Wexford. However, on 28 August 1937 McLoughlin was notified by the Minister for Defence that no award would be made to him because he did not receive a wound or injury while engaged in Military Service. This led to McLoughlin contacting Glenmore people and requesting letters outlining his work, so he could appeal.
PHILATELIST
While researching C.F. McLoughlin we came across several references to his stamp collection. In 1927, W.G. Meredith published The Postage Stamps Of Ireland 1922-1927. This book was dedicated to C.F. McLoughlin, “a distinguished Irish philatelist, thanking him for his contribution to the compilation of the handbook.” In 1971, a priest deemed a world class collector noted that C.F. McLoughlin had helped him when he was commencing collecting. He labelled McLoughlin a prominent stamp collector (New Ross Standard, Sat. 3 July 1971, p. 1).
Member of the United Arts Club of Dublin
Perhaps one of the more ironic discoveries in researching McLoughlin was the fact that McMaster University of Canada has material on McLoughlin. The material was donated to the University by William B. Ready, a former McMaster University Librarian. To view details regarding the holding click here.
As a member of the United Arts Club of Dublin, McLoughlin was a friend of Jack Butler Yeats (1871-1957) and other Irish writers. The McMaster archive contains 37 letters from Jack Butler Yeats (1871-1957) to McLoughlin.
McLoughlin published two volumes of poetry. He used the pseudonym Conn Macado and also used Maelseachlainn for the annotations he added to letters and manuscripts. He was nicknamed “the Gunman.” According to Patricia Boylan (1988) in All Cultivated People: A History of the United Arts Club, Dublin, she described McLoughlin as “… a peaceful man who spent most of his time behind a newspaper in the Dante Room [of the Club], scowling at intruders, and was seldom seen in the bar. He got his nickname from his habit of wearing his hat well down over his eyes and his trench coat tightly belted in the manner of a Chicago gangster.” We think it likely that his nickname may have been due in part to his earlier life.
The other items in the McMaster collection belonging to McLoughlin are: a poem by Padraic Colum (1881-1972), “The Sea Bird to the Wave.” Colum wrote it out for McLaughlin in 1958 one night at the Club. There are also two manuscripts, one about the 1916-1921 troubles and the other a collection of Irish proverbs from a social evening at the Club in 1967. The 1916-1921 manuscript came about when McLoughlin in 1966 contacted veterans and asked them to provide their memories. For a concise history of the United Arts Club, see, An Irishman’s Diary, The Times (5 March 2007).
McLaughlin’s Poetry
Due to the number of pseudonyms employed by McLaughlin we were able to locate a few of his poems and two volumes of poetry.
The National Gallery of Ireland has McLoughlin’s poem entitled “1940” in its Yeat’s Collection. This poem was inscribed with a Christmas greeting from McLoughlin to Jack Butler Yeats. (National Gallery of Ireland, donated by Anne Yeats in 1996.) A second poem entitled “Id Est” is also in the Yeat’s Collection and was inscribed with a Christmas greeting from McLouglin to Jack Butler Years (1943). This poem was privately printed 100 copies. (National Gallery of Ireland, donated by Anne Yeats in 1996). “Cognito” was privately published in 1946, and “Three Things” was published in 1951. “Cognito” includes “copious manuscript notes by McLoughlin under the pseudonym Maelseachlainn.” Both works are held in the National Library of Ireland.
Imaginative Meaning: a Prismetric Medium (1941) was published by McLoughlan under the pseudonym Conn Macado. McLoughlin sent a copy to J.B. Yeats. This work is a 20 page volume published by Elp Press. McLoughlin also published a 6 page volume of poetry in 1942 entitled Glenechomore: A Prismetric Primitive. We wonder if this work Glen-echo-more reflects any of his time in Glenmore.
The End
Finding an obituary for McLaughlin was not a straightforward task. We found his obituary when we went in search of his brother’s obituary. The Evening Herald (Tues. 7 March 1967, p. 2) carried an obituary for Peter McLaughlin, of Cloone, Co. Leitrem. On the same page C.F. McLoughlin’s obituary appeared as follows.
MAELSEACHLAINN (Dublin)—March 6, 1967 at 100 Leeson Street Upper, Cornelius (Conn); deeply regretted by his sorrowing brothers, sisters, relatives and friends. RIP Remains will arrive at St. Mary’s Church Haddington Road, this (Tuesday) evening at 5:30 o’c. Funeral tomorrow (Wednesday) after 10 o’c Mass to Dean’s Grange Cemetery. House private.
The Irish Independent (Thur. 9 March 1967, p. 12) provided: Mr. Cornelius Maelseachlainn (71), Leeson St., Upper, Dublin, who has died, Was a native of Co. Kilkenny.
He joined the Irish Volunteers in 1913 and took part in the 1916 Rising. After the Rising he was deported to Wakefield. He subsequently became Captain in the I.R.A. From 1921 to 1925 he was assistant general secretary of the Irish Farmers’ Union and was sub-editor and later editor of the “Irish Farmer” between 1920 and 1928. He was Vice Chancellor of the Bailiwick of Ireland of the Military and Hospitaller Order of Lazarus of Jerusalem.
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Please send any corrections, additional information, photos etc. to glenmore.history@gmail.com . Special thanks to Carlow Local Studies Librarian, Christopher Power for his location and sharing of John McLoughlin’s 1944 obituary. Efforts to locate the McLoughlin family grave in Tullow were not successful yesterday. However, it provided a lovely stroll through a well maintained cemetery. The featured photo above is St. John the Baptist in Grange, Tullow, Carlow where we believed John McLoughlin and his wife Sarah Jane were buried.
Dr. Kathleen Moore Walsh
Glenmore in the News: January 1924
Glenmore only featured in a couple of local newspaper articles in January 1924. We have also included some local newspaper articles that illustrate what Glenmore people were reading or experiencing one hundred years ago. The original words and phrases of the newspaper articles have been utilized where possible.
The New Year: Past Reminders
In Waterford “the New Year was ushered in by the shrill shriek of engine whistles, the hooting of steamer sirens, and the creation of the customary pandemonium. ..Christ Church Cathedral chimes pealed forth as usual, but their dulcet tones were easily drowned by the fearful noise created, and were not heard except by those who happened to be in the immediate vicinity of Cathedral Square.”
On board the SS Arklow rockets were sent up at regular intervals, the display of these projectile fireworks being witnessed by a fairly large crowd assembled at Reginald’s Tower. Some of the rockets burst into beautiful flame but then followed a loud detonation which “resembled something in the nature of a discharge from an 18 pounder gun.” This disturbed a lot of the inhabitants and reminded them of the recent Civil War (Waterford News & Star, Fri. 4 Jan. 1924, p. 5).
Weather
January 1924 supplied the area “with a continuous round of snow, rain and slush.” “Not for years past” was there “such flood in the hills and valleys of South Kilkenny” (Munster Express, Sat. 19 Jan. 1924, p. 5).
Epidemics & Population Growth
Waterford City suffered a whooping cough epidemic in the autumn and it was still severe in January 1924. The epidemic resulted in a large number of deaths. Waterford City’s death rate for the four weeks ending the 27th of November 1923 was “exceedingly high—26.6 per 1,000” (Waterford News & Star, Fri. 4 Jan. 1924, p. 5). Chicken pox was also making the rounds and like most diseases it did not distinguish between the classes. The wedding of Lord Arthur Butler, son of the Marquis and Marchioness of Ormonde, was postponed when his fiancée Miss Jessie Carlos Clarke, and her sister, caught chicken pox (Waterford News & Star, Fri. 4 Jan. 1924, p.7).
The Registrar General estimated that the population of the Free State in June 1923 was 3,165,000 persons. He noted that the last census taken was in 1911, and no attempt was made in 1921 to take a census. He estimated that the population had increased by 30,000 since the 1911 census (Munster Express, Sat. 12 Jan. 1924, p. 3). It is rather surprising that the population increased given the events between 1911 and 1923 including: WWI, the Irish War of Independence, the Irish Civil War and emigration.
Local Education
Nuns for Rosbercon
A rumour was published in the New Ross Standard that a secondary school conducted by Nuns of the Order of St. Louis will, open at Rosbercon. The school was said to located in the Ida House which was recently purchased from Mr. John J. Kehoe (New Ross Standard, Fri .4 Jan. 1923, p. 7).
Glenmore Irish Teacher
At the monthly meeting of the Joint Technical Committee for Kilkenny it was noted that the Department sanctioned the appointment three men and a woman as part time teachers of Irish. Mr. Matt O’Donnell left Glenmore and was engaged at work in Rosbercon. Another teacher was needed in Glenmore to take his place.
It was suggested that Mr. Curran, the school teacher at Glenmore, who was pulling well up in Irish, might be induced to take on the work. The difficulty was that Mr. Curan’s health had not been good for some time. It was supposed that they might be able to engage a teacher from New Ross (Kilkenny People, Sat. 19 Jan. 1924, p. 8). Exactly one year later, Nicholas “Nick” Curran (c. 1884-1925) was dead, aged 41, from cancer of the stomach. His obituary can be found on our obituary page.
New Motor Barge
John Tyrell & Sons, Arklow, boat builders launched a motor launch for a New Ross firm. The motor barge was fitted with a 50 h.p. double cylinder marine engine, with an estimated cargo capacity of 50 tons. The motor barge was to be used for direct trade between Waterford and New Ross and was also capable of towing other barges. Unfortunately, the name of the vessel was not published in the article (Munster Express, Sat. 12 Jan. 1924, p. 6).
Civil War Repairs
Bridges
The railway bridge at Palace East, which was wrecked 14 times in 1923 was being “rebuilt in a substantial way with new girders” (New Ross Standard, Fri.11 Jan. 1924, p. 7). Also, the New Ross bridge was to receive a much needed coat of paint. The bridge was vested in both the Wexford County Council and the Kilkenny County Council. Repairs were also being carried out on the Ferry Mountgarrett bridge (New Ross Standard, Fri.4 Jan. 1923, p. 7).
Fight for £500,000 Deposited in New York
John F. Finerty, a New York Attorney, travelled to Dublin to meet Eamonn de Valera. The meeting was held at Arbour Hill Detention Barracks where de Valera was imprisoned. About £500,000 was deposited in the U.S. and the Republicans and the Free State were claiming it. The U.S. set up a Commission to take evidence from de Valera and Austin Stack. Justice Wagner, of the New York Supreme Court, in making the order for the Commission, ruled that if de Valera and Stack were not allowed to testify, the Free State Government would be barred from continuing its claim for the money.
Attorney Finerty reported to the Press the difficulties he encountered in speaking to de Valera. He was asked to sign an agreement that he would only speak about the litigation. He agreed. The military in charge of the prison demanded that a third party be present at the meeting. Attorney Finerty “point blank refused.” The military then demanded that both he and de Valera agreed to be searched. Both Finerty and de Valera refused.
After two hours Attorney Finerty was unconditionally admitted and spent over an hour and a half with de Valera. He found him “looking none the worse for his four and a half months incarceration.” Attorney Finerty then travelled to Mountjoy to meet Stack. Finerty noted Stack was able to get about but looked very ill after his hunger strike (Waterford News & Star, Fri. 4 Jan. 1924, p. 4.)
Glenmore Breach of Promise Case
Glenmore made the news when a breach of promise case was heard and settled in the King’s Bench Division in mid-January 1924. The defendant was a Glenmore farmer who settled the claim of breach of promise for £52 10s. The brother of the woman also sued the defendant for seduction of his sister. The seduction case settled for £21 (New Ross Standard, Fri. 25 Jan. 1924, p. 5). It was claimed that the defendant has asked the plaintiff to marry him and the wedding was to take place after his mother purchased a Glenmore farm for him. In the interim the plaintiff became pregnant and had the child and sent it to Dublin for fostering. The child died at the age of 2. The defendant’s mother refused to allow him to marry the plaintiff and the plaintiff after years of waiting sued him for breach of promise.
Glenmore Senior Football Objection
At the meeting of the Kilkenny Co. Board of the GAA, it was reported that a lengthy communication was received from Mr. J. Ryan, the Secretary of the Southern Board. Mr. Ryan asked the Chairman to rule on issues that arose out of fixtures. The Charman stated that it was unusual for such a request before the issues were considered by the southern board. He refused to decide matters “over the heads of the Southern Board as he believed they were perfectly confident in doing so themselves.” He affirmed that the Southern Board had complete control of the minor championships in the South, and if any club had a grievance against its decision the matter could be appealed to the County Committee.
The Objection
Later in the meeting the Chairman stated that there an objection by Glenmore to Barrow Rovers in connection with their senior football match at Knockmoylan on December 23. He read out the correspondence from Mr. Ryan, Southern Secretary, Glenmore were drawn to meet Barrow Rovers and as neither club was represented at the meeting and in order to facilitate the clubs the county committee asked the Southern board to fix a date and venue for the match. The Southern Secretary reported having arrangements made and later reported the carrying out of the fixture.
Glenmore Representatives
Mr. Heffernan (Glenmore) asked if the Southern Secretary had mentioned the date of the meeting at which the Southern Board arranged the match. As far as he was concerned, he would positively state that his club got no notification of the venue until the Southern Secretary notified them of the date and venue. He submitted that the Southern Secretary had taken the law into his own hands.
Mr. P. Cody (Glenmore) stated that he was a regular attender of the meetings of the Southern Board and he heard nothing of this match at any meeting. The first intimation he was a letter from the Southern Secretary stating that the fixture was made and he believed that the match had been fixed in the usual way by the County Committee and so his team travelled. The venue was inconvenient for both teams and the Southern Secretary later admitted it.
Other Representatives
Mr. Lyng (Barrow Rovers) agreed that he had heard nothing of the match at a meeting of the Southern Board but queried why Glenmore travelled if they believed the match was not officially fixed.
Mr. Dowling (Danesfort) stated that it seemed to him as if the Southern Secretary outstepped his duty. It was a serious matter if the Secretary took the responsibility on himself of fixing a match and no board or committee could justify such action. He proposed that the Southern Secretary be asked to attend the next meeting of the County Committee and produce the records of the Southern Board regarding the fixture.
The Ruling
The Chairman ruled that the case would be considered at the next meeting when the referee’s report of the match would be considered. There were matters in the referee’s report that required action by the Committee and deserved serious consideration. Glenmore’s objection was also held over to the next meeting (Kilkenny People, Sat. 26 January 1924, p. 9).
Requested Censorship in the Free State
Many people in Dublin were wondering how soon the new Free State Film Censor would make his presence felt. Pictures shown in Dublin were “very seldom grossly immoral or objectionable. But a great many of them are always on the borderline and very often suggestive. It is quite plain that the titles are always framed to appeal to morbid sentimentality, and often to worse feelings, even when the pictures themselves are not as objectionable as their titles suggest.”
It was reported that the Dublin picture houses were in a difficult position, “for no films are now produced in Ireland and those produced in America or England have reference to a low standard of morality which fortunately this country is unacquainted with.” (New Ross Standard, Fri. 11 Jan. 1924, p. 4).
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Please send any and all corrections to glenmore.history@gmail.com.
The feature photo above is Prince Edward Place, Clonmel flooded (Freeman’s Journal, Fri. 18 January 1924, p. 10).
Dr. Kathleen Moore Walsh
Sr. Mary Theresa “Nellie” Moran (1925-2005) of Ballinlammy, Glenmore
The term miracle is often bandied about, but one Glenmore woman received a miraculous cure in 1946. Her miraculous cure was attributed to the foundress of the Sisters of St. Joseph of the Apparation, Emilie de Vialar (1797-1856). The cure was investigated by the Catholic Church and became one of the miracles leading to the canonization of Saint Emilie. Saint Emilie founded her congregation at Christmas 1832 in the South of France. For further information on Saint Emilie and her congregation click here.
Sr. Theresa’s Glenmore Family
Although Sr. Theresa was born in Waterford City in 1925 her maternal line came from Glenmore, and her family moved to Ballinlammy, Glenmore. Her name at birth was Ellen Theresa Moran, but her family called her “Nellie.” Her mother, Mary Catherine Irish (1885-1935) was born in Ballinlammy, Glenmore, the daughter of Robert Irish (c. 1840-1909) and Mary Kiely (c. 1841-1923).
Mary Catherine Irish married Hubert “Hughie” Moran (1886-1951) on the 31st of January 1916 at the Cathedral in Waterford. The bride was residing at 15 the Quay and the groom was residing at 22 Bridge St. The couple were both working in Waterford and met (Interview of Robbie Doherty, of Haggard, Glenmore on 5 March 2023.)
Hughie and Mary Catherine Moran had seven known children: (1) Bridget Moran (1916-1969); (2) Kathleen Moran (1919-1999) (Sr. Huberte); (3) Thomas Moran (1920-1987); (4) Hubert J. Moran (1921-1985); (5) Robert A. Moran (1921-1990); (6) Michael Moran (1923-1941); (7) Ellen Theresa “Nellie” Moran (1925-2005). Hubert J. and Robert were twins. All the children were born at 22 Bridge St., Waterford City. For further information on the Moran family see our Glenmore Family M surname page.
The Irish Farm of Ballinlammy, Glenmore
When the lease on 22 Bridge St. expired the family moved to the Irish farm in Ballinlammy (Interview of Robbie Doherty on 5 March 2023). The 1901 census indicates that Mary Catherine’s parents, Robert and Mary Irish, were living on the farm with three of their children: John Irish (c. 1881-1949), Ellen Irish (c. 1870-1940) and Stasia Irish (c. 1878-c. 1941). By the time of the 1911 Census Robert was dead and Mary was still residing with John Irish (c. 1881-1949); Ellen Irish (c. 1870-1940) and Stasia Irish (c. 1878-c.1941). In filling out the 1911 Census Mary noted that she had been married for 43 years, she bore nine children and six were alive in 1911. It appears from the census records that Mary Catherine Irish was away from home working by 1901.
The farm was 110 acres and after his mother died John Irish (c. 1881-1949) ended up in St. Canice Hospital and never returned home. At St. Canice John did all the ploughing and tilling for the hospital. Notwithstanding the work John performed a “hold” was put on the farm by the hospital (Robbie Doherty interview of 5 March 2023).
After John went into St. Canice, his sister Ellen kept a couple of cows, and she went to the creamery with an ass and car with a ten gallon can. Ellen and Stasia Irish used to sleep in chairs. When Ellen Irish died in her chair, there was difficulty straightening her corpse (Interview of Robbie Doherty on 5 March 2023).
For further information concerning the Irish family see our Glenmore Family I surname page.
The Miracle
Most of the following information is from an article in the Munster Express (Fri. 22 June 1956, p.3.) In about 1942 Nellie joined the Sisters of St. Joseph of the Apparition. She took the name Mary Theresa. Two years later while still a novice and training as a nurse at Withington Hospital, in Manchester, she developed a condition that worsened. In March 1946, a Manchester specialist diagnosed Nellie as suffering from Disseminated Sclerosis, or what is called today Multiple Sclerosis.
Another specialist was called in to review her case. The second specialist was the European authority on the disease. He confirmed the diagnosis and said that it was incurable and she would never walk again. Nellie was paralysed in her legs, arms and body and described herself at the time of being “a handful of rubbish.”
According to the Munster Express Nellie’s superior arranged a novena desiring two things. She wanted Sr. Theresa’s recovery and a miracle to help the canonisation of Blessed Emilie de Vialer, Foundress of the Sisters of St. Joseph of the Apparition. On the third day of the novena while the Community was in the chapel praying for a cure, Sr. Theresa “jumped out of bed, danced around the sickroom crying, ‘I am cured’” and in the words of a priest nearly gave the community hysterics.”
Medical Exam of the Miracle
The two specialists were summoned. After a detailed examination they declared Sr. Theresa “cured beyond the reach and knowledge of medical science.” The newspaper noted that the two specialists were not Catholics. At the same time a second miraculous cure of another Novice of the Order took place in Manchester. Unfortunately, the Munster Express did not reveal any details of the second miracle.
Luckily another newspaper identified Sister Maria Brendan McConville, of St. Joseph’s Hospital, Whalley Range as the other novice (Manchester Evening News, Tues. 19 June 1951, p. 7). Sister Brendan suffered from Potts Disease where her spine began to waste away due to tuberculosis.
The Investigation of the Miracle
A report was sent to Rome. After a considerable lapse of time, and without any notice, a commission arrived in Manchester to investigate. Archbishop Masterson was then the Diocese’s Vicar-General, was appointed scrutineer. A long enquiry took place. Once all the evidence was gathered the Commission returned to Rome to assess it. The resulting report was sent to 13 specialists of disseminated sclerosis. None of the specialists could explain the cure on medical grounds. “Rome gave its judgment: God had worked a miracle for the glory of His Servant Blessed Emilie” (Munster Express (Fri. 22 June 1956, p.3.).
The Canonisation of St. Emilie
Blessed Emilie was canonised in 1951. Thirty-six Sisters of St. Joseph of the Apparition journeyed to Rome to witness the canonisation ceremony of their founder. The two sisters who were cured of diseases because of the intercession of Saint Emilie were present (Manchester Evening News, Tues. 19 June 1951, p. 7).
In 1956 the Parish Priest of Blackley, Manchester, Fr. Frederick Kershaw presented to the John Rylands Library all the documents collected and issued by the Sacred Congregation of Rites in the canonisation cause of St. Emilie. Prior to his death Pope Pius XII (1876-1958) gave Sr. Theresa a relic of St. Emilie. By 1966 Sr. Theresa was working as a pathologist at St. Joseph’s Hospital, of Manchester (Munster Express, Fri. 29 April 1966, p. 8.)
The Relic
Robbie Doherty related that every summer Sr. Theresa came home with her sister Kathleen who was also a nun, Sister Huberte, of the Community of the Perpetual Adoration at Chelsea. The two sisters were usually always accompanied by another nun. The nuns would stay in Ballinlammy for a month in the Irish farmhouse. Tommy Moran and his brother Hughie would go out and sleep in the barn loft to make room for the nuns.
During these visits a party would be arranged for all persons who had sought the relic since their previous visit. The relic remained and continues to remain in Glenmore. In turn the attendees of the first party would invite the nuns to their homes. Bill and Alice Mackey, of Jamestown, acted as the drivers of the visiting nuns..
On one particular evening Robbie Doherty came into the yard and saw his brother Paddy peering into the window. The nuns had come for tea and were still present because their lift had been delayed. The young men did not want to go into the house. It was best to remain outside than to risk saying or doing the wrong thing.
Mysterious Ways
Although two of his sisters entered religious life, Tommy Moran (1920-1987) was in the process of becoming a priest when the Church authorities became aware that his sister Maureen was with child. Tommy was dismissed from his vocation. Maureen went into Waterford to have her baby and while there met Mrs. Lynch who farmed near Kilmeaden, Co. Waterford. Mrs. Lynch took Maureen and her son, Don Moran, home with her. Maureen raised her son on the Lynch farm. Don Moran went on to university and ironically became a priest and served in the U.K. Fr. Moran often said Mass for his Glenmore kin.
Special thanks to Robbie Doherty for the lovely visit, chat and information.
Please send corrections, additional informaton or photos to glenmore.history@gmail.com.
Dr. Kathleen Moore Walsh
One Hundred Years Ago: January 1923
January 1923
Glenmore did not feature in any of the local newspapers in January 1923. Although the Civil War continued January was a quieter month. Fewer clashes were reported between the Free State Army and the Irregulars. The worst phase of the war against the railways had passed with only isolated reports of attacks on the lines or rolling stock (New Ross Standard, Fri. 5 Jan. 1923, p. 4).
However, the damage to infrastructure continued to cause misery and even death. During January the bodies of four young men were pulled from the Suir. On Christmas night they drowned at Kilsheelan while attempting to cross the river to the Waterford side in a cot because the bridge at Kilsheelan was destroyed (Waterford News & Star, Fri. 26 Jan. 1923, p. 8). Today, we will present some of the local Civil War activities as recorded in local newspapers as well as some of the economic difficulties faced locally 100 years ago.
Fighting in Waterford
On Saturday the 30th of December at 10:30 p.m. Irregulars were attacking across Waterford City from “Waterford Jail and the North Station to the Workhouse.” The battle commenced when two bombs were lobbed at the Infantry Barracks, Barrack St., resulting in loud explosions but no material damage. At the same time a “determined” attack took place on the jail, the local headquarters of the National troops, the railway station, and other national posts in the city.
Snipers were directing fire on the jail and the guard room at the railway station. Some snipers were on Mount Misery overlooking the city from the Kilkenny side of the river. Windows in the GPO and the shop, Ledlie, Ferguson & Co. (now Shaw’s) on the quay were shattered by stray bullets. Houses in Ballybricken near the jail also suffered broken windows.
The national troops did not return fire until they located the positions of the Irregulars. Machine guns could be heard across the city. The shooting lasted about 30 minutes. Citizens returning home from the cinema ran for cover. Kilkenny residents who were in the city found themselves marooned. When the firing died down, some took the chance and crossed the river. Others did not attempt to leave the city until Sunday morning. There were no casualties reported (Munster Express, Sat. 6 Jan. 1923, p. 3).
New Year’s Eve
It was reported that New Year’s Eve was quiet in Waterford City. The City was devoid of the usual din of ship and rail whistles, sirens, bands etc. Only the church bells rang in the New Year. One young man was shot dead in the city and another was fatally wounded (Munster Express, Sat. 6 Jan. 1923, p. 5).
Murder of Pierce Murphy
Pierce Murphy, a mason, aged 33, of 70 Barrack Street, was shot and killed as he walked home with friends from a New Year’s Eve dance. Three men in National troop uniforms stopped and searched the deceased and his friends. After the men were released and told to go home; deceased was walking toward his home when he was shot in the back and killed. At his inquest a military officer testified that no National Army patrols were operating in the city at that time. All men were accounted for in the barracks, the jail and the railway station.
Killing of Thomas Cullen
The second man that was shot on New Year’s Eve at about 9 p.m. was Thomas Cullen, aged 33, a married, carpenter. Thomas died the 2nd of January 1923 in the County & City Infirmary from his gunshot wound. From the inquest it appears that Thomas was shot by a stray bullet while he walked with a friend on Barrack’s Hill (Munster Express, Sat. 6 Jan. 1923, p. 6).
The New Ross Standard reported that Thomas was a native of Irishtown, New Ross, and was employed at the Convent of the Good Shepherd, Waterford. He had only been married a short time before his death. Thomas was shot in the abdomen. At his funeral in New Ross, the New Ross Total Abstinence Band attended and played the Dead March. Thomas was a member of the Band (New Ross Standard, Fri, 12 January 1923, p. 7).
Activities near Glenmore
On the night of the 1st of January, at about 8:30 p.m., six or eight shots were fired in New Ross. The shots came from across the river and were apparently directed toward the Tholsel where national troops were quartered. A window frame on the house of Mr. Schekby, jeweller, on the Quay was pierced and his plate glass window cracked. People who were on the streets at the time quickly took shelter (New Ross Standard, Fri, 5 January 1923, p. 5).
Mullinavat
Early in the New Year, National troops arrested four Irregulars named Egan, Mackey, Morrissey and Curran who were from the Mile Bush. The arrests took place in Mullinavat, and the men were armed. Egan escaped from Kilkenny Prison last year (Munster Express, Sat. 6 Jan. 1923, p. 6). Mullinavat was also the place where three other Irregulars were captured about the same time. They included: Richard Brennan, a leader of the Irregulars in the Kilkenny area, together with Patrick and James Walshe, of Kilmacow (Waterford News & Star, Fri 5 Jan. 1923, p. 5).
Road Blocked at Tinneranny
On the 2nd of January a trench was dug across the road leading from New Ross to Tullogher at Tinneranny. A few trees were also cut down. On that morning Father Coughlan and Father Greene, C.C. Rosbercon, were traveling by car when they came to the blockade. They filled part of the trench and removed some of the trees to allow the car to pass (New Ross Standard, Fri. 5 Jan. 1923, p. 4).
Mooncoin
A battle took place on 18th of January near Mooncoin between a column of National troops from Kilkenny and about fifty armed men. Fourteen of the armed men were captured and brought to Kilkenny. The following day in the same area a small party of armed men were fired upon. Two were found and arrested in a farmhouse. One had a wound on his hand that appeared to be a bullet wound (New Ross Standard, Fri, 19 January 1923, p. 6).
Slieverue
On the morning of the 11th the Slieverue sub-post office was visited by armed men who demanded the old age pension money. Not getting the money, they threatened the postmistress and intimated that they were about to damage the premises. The only money they secured was a solitary sixpence, which they contemptuously threw back at the postmistress. Also raided was the Kilmeaden post office where stamps and cash with a value of £25 was stolen and the Kill where £12 was stolen (Waterford News & Star, Fri. 12 Jan. 1923, p. 4). [Any readers know the name of the Slieverue postmistress?]
[Update–6 Feb. 2023–Eilish Sommers immediately identified Statia Aylward as the plucky postmistress. To verify we turned to the 1911 Census and found an Aylward family in Kilmurry, Rathpatrick. Statia Aylward was 42 and the asst. postmistress. She lived with her sister Catherine Aylward who was 50 and listed as a farmer & postmistress. Their brother James Aylward, aged 48 was also in the household. Additionally two servants were present: Eliz. Henneby (aged 40) and Richard Moore (aged 60) was the farm servant.]
Executions in Kilkenny City
Two men were executed in Kilkenny on Friday morning the 5th of January. John Phelan, Thomastown, and John Murphy, of Bishopslough, Co. Kilkenny were arrested on the 13th of December. They were charged with possession of arms and ammunition. They were also charged with raiding Sheastown House, where £180 worth of property was stolen. Both were found guilty of the charges in a military tribunal and sentenced to death Munster Express, Sat. 6 Jan. 1923, p. 3).
The total number of executions by the Free State Government to the 19th of January 1923 was 29 (Waterford News & Star, Fri. 19 Jan. 1923, p. 3).
Economic Difficulties
Unpaid Rates
The Wexford County Council reported that the chaotic state of the country meant the finances of the county were “far from encouraging.” The county required £26,000 to meet commitments, yet £90,000 rates were outstanding. Amazingly knowing that produce prices were quite low, that violence, blocked roads and destroyed bridges made it difficult to sell farm produce, the County Council blamed Wexford farmers for the hole in the County finances. It claimed many farmers did not pay their annuities to the Land Commission, “availing of the condition of the country as an excuse to evade their responsibilities.” This resulted in the Government retaining grant money meant for the county until the farmers redeemed their liabilities (New Ross Standard, Fri. 12 Jan. 1923, p. 4).
Labour Unrest
January 1923 was a time of labour unrest. The grain mill workers were threatening to strike because the mill owners sought to reduce the wages of the workforce. Printers in Kilkenny went on strike the 1st of January to protest against a proposed cut of 5/- a week in their wages. The cut was to take effect the 6th of January. The strike involved the three Kilkenny newspapers (Waterford News & Star, Fri. 5 Jan. 1923, p. 5). The Kilkenny Moderator and the Kilkenny People were not published in January 1923.
It was also reported that Irish publishers in Dublin were operating at a loss. The only profitable book printing was for text books (New Ross Standard, Fri, 5 January 1923, p. 4).
Why Beer is Dear
Toward the end of January as Civil War activities lessened the Munster Express published an interesting article entitled, “Why beer is dear.” In 1913, the British public consumed 36,000,000 barrels of beer, and the combined profits of nine of the most important breweries amounted to £2,200,000. In 1922, the consumption of beer fell to 18,000,000 barrels, but the profits of the nine breweries were £5,280,000 more than double the 1913 figure.
It was explained that while the price of beer remained high the costs of production fell enormously. One of the driving forces behind the high price of beer was the “absurd tax” that made it impossible to lower the price of beer without making a loss. However, the Brewer’s Society themselves benefited from the arrangement, so there was no lobby to alter the tax (Munster Express, Sat. 20 Jan. 1923, p. 4).
Long French Roots
The French Ministry of Agriculture sought to reward families who cultivated the same land for over 100 years. This inquiry led to the discovery that one family had been in continuity of tenure for 800 years. A deed bearing the date 1074 referred to a dispute regarding a right of way, and both the families mentioned in the dispute were still present at the same location in 1922 (New Ross Standard, Fri, 5 January 1923, p. 4).
New Political Party
A new political party formed named Cumann na nGaedheal by pro-treaty supporters to support the Free State Government (New Ross Standard, Fri, 12 January 1923, p. 4). This party was the forerunner of Fine Gael.
The feature photo above is the filling in of a ditch dug across a roadway to stop traffic. Please send any corrections or further information to glenmore.history@gmail.com.
Special thanks to Eilish Sommers for identifying the Slieverue postmistress in January 1923 as Statia Aylward.
For December 1922 see our post of 31 December 2022.
Dr. Kathleen Moore Walsh