Carrigan Committee Report

As previously published Glenmore from about 1870 until 1963 had no pub in the parish. Even pubs that were on the borders of the parish became the target of objections from the Glenmore clergy. (See our post of 31 March 2020 ). Today, we are going to feature an article from the New Ross Standard found in Danny Dowling’s voluminous files that provides some insight into the attitudes and legislation in 1937 concerning dance venues.

Glenmore Dance Licence Opposed

On Friday the 22^nd of January 1937 the article “Dance Licences Opposed” was published in the New Ross Standard (p. 11). Richard Fitzgerald (1868-1955) of the Half-way House, Glenmore, applied for a dance license under the Public Dance Hall Act 1935. The Act came about due to the work of the Carrigan Committee that was established in 1930 by the Cosgrove led government to determine if new legislation was needed to deal with juvenile prostitution (Finola Kennedy, “The Suppression of the Carrigan Report: A Historical Perspective on Child Abuse,” 89 (356) Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review (2000) p. 354). Interestingly, what prompted the Committee was the increase in births outside of marriage which appears to have become equated with prostitution.

Schools of Scandal

The Carrigan Committee heard the testimony of clerical, lay and government witnesses, who all appeared to agree that the degeneration in the standard of social conduct had taken place. It was attributed primarily to the loss of parental control and responsibility during a period of general upheaval (the War of Independence, the Civil War). Notwithstanding the country returning to a “settled condition” the standard of social conduct had not improved. This fact was said to be “due largely to the introduction of new phases of popular amusement…The commercialised Dance Halls, Picture Houses of sorts, and the opportunities afforded by the misuse of motor cars for luring girls,” were identified as “the chief causes alleged for the present looseness.”

One Limerick Priest opined that the Dance Hall Craze began in his parish about 1925 and they became “Schools of Scandal” which were not subject to supervision, control or license (Carrigan Report, c. 16 available online at https://the-knitter.blogspot.com/2005/06/full-carrigan-report_24.html). What appears to be lacking from the Carrigan Committee’s contemplation was the impact of the limited free primary school education on young people. After attending a local national school until the age of 11 or 12 young people were sent to work often in shops, homes or farms away from the influence of their parents.

Public Dance Hall Act 1935

After the Carrigan Committee determined that the popular amusements were the cause of moral decay, to get control over the so-called “Schools of Scandal” the Public Dance Hall Act 1935 was enacted. Richard Fitzgerald sought a license under the Act to hold dances.  He was represented by E.T. Lalor. The application was heard in the District Court of New Ross before District Judge J.V. Fahy. Ireland has and continues to have a unique feature in the District Court where the State is represented by a senior police officer. In this case it was Superintendent Feeney.

Glenmore Application

Richard Fitzgerald sought a dance license as secretary of the local Cumann of the Fianna Fail party. It was noted that Richard Fitzgerald was a substantial farmer, an ex-member of the Kilkenny County Council, secretary of the South Kilkenny Comhairle Ceanntair and a delegate to the Ard Fheis. Richard testified that his house was about three-quarters of a mile from the Glenmore Garda station and he produced a map made by a Waterford engineer of his premises. It was also noted that dances had been held on the premises over the past 25 years and no complaint had ever been made for any function held. The last dance was held about four years prior after a mumming exhibition. [For an explanation of mummying in Glenmore see our previous post of 5 December 2021.]

In anticipation of the application Richard spent about €50 making improvements, and he stated that he would not personally benefit from the dances. The parish records reveal that Richard Fitzgerald was born on 9 March 1868 at Aylwardstown to John Fitzgerald (farmer) and his wife Margaret “Peggy” Donovan of the Mill. Richard on the 30^th of November 1911 married Mary Walsh, of Coolroebeg, Thomastown. Thus, at the time of the application proceedings in 1937 Richard was a married man of 69 years of age. It does not appear that Richard was attempting or applying to operate a “School of Scandal.”

The Application Hearing

From the onset of the application proceedings, according to the information in the newspaper account it appeared that the Judge was not well disposed toward the application.

“Justice—The apartment is described as a dance hall right off the kitchen. What did you call it before you christened it a dance hall?

Applicant—It has been used for the distribution of free milk. I am contractor under the scheme.” When asked by the judge if the free milk was for the dance Richard explained that the free milk was a scheme for the poor of Glenmore.

Richard Fitzgerald went on to testify that he resided on the premises with his wife, two sons and two daughters. He stated that there were about two thousand people residing in the parish. Superintendent Feeney asked if his premises were a suitable place to hold dances. Richard Fitzgerald replied, “We have no better place; we have no hall in Glenmore to hold anything.”

Suitability of Premises?

When pressed concerning the suitability of the premises Richard Fitzgerald stated that the Minister for Education and the Comba rte Ceanntair (sic) hold meetings there. The Judge responded “Leave that out of it. We are only discussing as to the suitability of the premises from the point of view of they being licensed for a dance; don’t be bringing in the Minister’s name.” Richard protested that he was simply addressing suitability.

After the questioning concerning the suitability of the premises Solicitor Lalor suggested that the judge could go out and inspect the premises. In response the judge stated that “…He had not the least notion. He would like to hear what the sergeant of the district had to say.” Sergeant Garvey (1895-1960) of Glenmore testified that he inspected the premises. In his opinion the room appeared to be suitable, and had been recently repaired. He considered the applicant capable of looking after a dance.

Sgt. Garvey’s only objection concerned the sanitary arrangements. He agreed that the premises had the usual sanitary accommodation for Glenmore. Superintendent Feeney then interjected that the circumstances would be different where over one hundred people would be gathered together. [For a previous article regarding Sergeant Garvey see our previous post of 3 October 2021.]

Objection of Parish Priest

Perhaps the strangest element of the case concerned the objection of the parish priest which was not articulated in the article. “Justice—How is it the parish priest has such a decided objection? Applicant—I don’t know. Justice—Don’t you think his views ought to be regarded with the greatest respect? Applicant—Yes, but he is prejudiced and a sickly man. Justice—We are all sickly.”  From the newspaper account it does not state how the objection was made, but the priest did not appear in court to state his objections so he could not be questioned concerning his views and opinions.

Application Denied

The case concluded with the Judge announcing, “I would not dream of granting this application, especially in view of the objection of the parish priest, which I consider as reasonable and properly founded. I refuse the application, on the unsuitability of the house.”

On 24 November 2019 we published an article regarding the rise and demise of the Glenmore post office and in the article identified how the Half-way House of Aylwardstown, Glenmore obtained its name.

Please send any corrections or additional information to glenmore.history@gmail.com.

Dr. Kathleen Moore Walsh