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One Hundred Years Ago: July 1923
By July 1923 the Irish Civil War was over and local newspapers adopted an attitude of getting back to “normal.” With fewer atrocities to report articles concerning the issues plaguing the fledgling Free State Government often took centre stage with human interest stories appearing as filler. The coverage of crime was often related to land issues or was of a more petty nature. Today, we feature articles that appeared in local newspapers that Glenmore people would have read and discussed one hundred years ago.
Issues Facing the Free State Government
The unresolved issues that plagued the fledgling Free State Government included housing, the land question, industrial strife and what to do with the Civil War prisoners.
Housing
With respect to the housing issue, the New Ross Standard (Fri. 13 July 1923, p. 3) suggested a solution that had just been adopted in France. The newspaper claimed that its readers had expressed agreement with proposed French legislation that they believed could tackle the Irish housing crisis. Under the French initiative owners of vacant houses were compelled to keep authorities notified when their houses were vacant. The Mayor of every town received the power to requisition the vacant houses and let them at normal rents, thereby preventing houses from being unreasonably withheld from the public.
The Verdicts in the Shanbogh Land Cases
The thorny issue of how to recognise the right to private ownership of land and at the same time recognise the rights of tenants resulted in several high-profile cases. One of these cases that garnered national attention was the Shanbogh Land case. The verdicts in the Shanbogh Land case were published in July 1923.
Grace v. Holden et al
As we highlighted in our post of 24 July 2023, Edward Grace, of Forristalstown, Glenmore sued and sought injunctive relief in the High Court against James Holden and men who helped Holden dispossess Grace from land Grace was renting as a statutory tenant from the Boyd family.
Background
James Holden had been a tenant of about 60 acres and a dwellinghouse in 1880 on land in Shanbogh on the Boyd Estate when he was evicted. In 1920 about 24 acres of his evicted holding was allotted to Grace as well as the house where he originally lived.
Mr. Colfer, the solicitor for the Boyd Estate, testified that Holden was a poor man and had been living in the workhouse. Holden agreed to take the £500 offered in full satisfaction of all his claims, if any, against the lands of Shanbogh, and “the acquisition of the tenants interest in the lands by Edward Grace had his absolute approval.” Holden was quoted as saying,” I thought I would never get anything out of Shanbogh.” However, after agreeing to the £500 payment Holden in 1922 entered the lands with others and threw Grace out.
James Holden, was noted as being an old age pensioner; co-defendant Patrick McDonald was employed as a labourer and the other two co-defendants, Daniel Doolan and James Whelan were both farmers.
Grace v. Holden et al Verdict
The Master of the Rolls said that there could only be one result. He entered an injunction enjoining the four defendants from interfering with the statutory tenant Grace or the use of his land and also entered judgment against all four of the defendants.
Defendants Whelan and Doolan both undertook not to interfere with the plaintiff’s holding in future. Damages were found to be £340. Holden was said to be deaf, but McDonald expressed that he would not quit the land. McDonald affirmed to the Court he understood that he would be violating the injunction.
Other Shanbogh Verdicts
Other plaintiffs, and statutory tenants, in similar cases were also heard. Margaret Forrestal was awarded £100 against James Holden, Patrick McDonald and James Sullivan.
Patrick Forrestal was awarded £80 against James Holden, Patrick McDonald, Thomas Shea, James Whelan and Daniel Doolan, Sr.
Philip Malone was awarded £180 against James Holden, Patrick McDonald, James Whelan, Nicholas Forrestal, Thomas Shea, and Thomas Greene.
In the only case not involving James Holden and his nephew Patrick McDonald, John Aylward was awarded £100 against Daniel Doolan, Sr., Edward Doolan, Sr., Edward Doolan , Jr.; Daniel Doolan, Jr.; and Patrick Doolan (New Ross Standard, Fri. 6 July 1923, p. 6).
Daniel Doolan, Sr. and Edward Doolan, Sr. were brothers and the other Doolan defendants were sons of Edward Doolan, Sr. (Munster Express, Sat. 7 July 1923, p. 6)
Defiant Defendant James Holden
Notwithstanding the damages awarded against him and the injunction it was reported in the New Ross Standard (Fri. 27 July 1923, p. 8) that a process server accompanied by the military went to the house where James Holden was living in violation of the injunction issued by the High Court. Holden was served with an unspecified notice in late July.
For information on the “Eviction of James Holden” see, Danny Dowling’s (1927-2021) article published in Decies: The Journal of the Waterford Archaelogical and Historical Society (1976, vol. 2 p. 24).
Industrial Strife
In the Waterford area the strike involving the farm labourers was not resolved. Transport workers supported the strikers. This had a knock-on effect on local industries that relied on agricultural produce such as mills, creameries, town markets and the bacon cellars of Waterford city.
“Owing to the trouble at the ports there has not been a pig market held at Thomastown for the past fortnight. Many pig feeders have had their pigs ready for market, but they are unable to dispose of them” (New Ross Standard, Fri. 20 July 1923, p. 5). Denny’s announced that “owing to traffic difficulties it was unable to receive pigs for slaughter until further notice” (Munster Express, Sat. 14 July 1923, p. 5).
Baton Charge
On Friday the 13th and Saturday the 14th the Civic Guards drew their batons and charged a large crowd at the Yellow Road, Waterford City. Early on Friday a large number of pigs belonging to farmers in Kilmeaden were brought to Waterford and stored in J.J. Phelan’s auction paddocks.
Labour pickets took up position outside the premises to prevent the sale of the pigs. A large crowd gathered and expressed sympathy for the labourers. At 11 p.m. as the crowd continued to grow and become hostile they were ordered to go home. When they failed to move on the guards with drawn batons charged the crowd. A stampede followed. The charge lasted about 10 minutes afterwards the street was completely cleared. No person was injured.
There was a continuance of the trouble on Saturday night, however this time “it assumed the dimensions of a riot on a small scale.” The charge on Saturday night lasted 20 minutes and again the streets were cleared. “The pigs were later removed from the paddocks to the country under military escort” (Munster Express, Sat. 21 July 1923, p. 4).
Civil War Prisoners
Excitement was caused in Clonmel on the 14th when 41 prisoners escaped via a tunnel from the Emmet Barracks. The alarm was raised and 7 prisoners were captured in the yard next to the barracks (Munster Express, Sat. 21 July 1923, p. 4). Searches immediately commenced for the other escapees.
On Sunday the 22nd in the evening a public demonstration was held in the Tholsel Square, New Ross demanding the release of the Republican prisoners. There was a large attendance of people. The New Ross O’Hanrahan Pipers Band attended and played a selection of national airs (New Ross Standard, Fri. 27 July 1923, p. 4)
Glenmore in the News
The military posts at Newbawn and at Aylwardstown (Glenmore railway station) were abolished, and it was announced that Civic Guard stations were to be established at the Rower, Glenmore and Slieverue (New Ross Standard, Fri. 6 July 1923, p. 7). See our post of 26 September 2021 for further details on the Glenmore Garda station.
A Glenmore Motor Mystery
On or about the 10th of July, “some boat men on their way from Waterford” saw a Ford motor car in the Barrow river at Glenmore. The newspapers stated that it was a suggestion for a super-film thriller. It stood on its wheels on the mud on the Kilkenny side of the river at Blackrock, at the end of Carney bay (sic) on the middle reaches of the Barrow, about 8 ½ miles from New Ross.
“At low water it is high and dry, but at full tide it is completely covered. The nearest road running from Glenmore station to Rochestown point and thence to Ringville is two or three hundred yards distant, and behind the point where the car stands the Kilkenny bank rises to a considerable height straight up from the river and is thickly planted.”
“How the car reached its present position is a mystery. There are no marks on the bank, and the possibility of its having floated there from another point is negatived by the fact that its weight would be in the neighbourhood of 15 cwt” (Munster Express, Sat. 21 July 1923, p. 4; Free Press (Wexford) Sat. 14 July 1923, p. 8). Unfortunately, we could not locate any further information on this mystery.
Glenmore Defendants Summoned
Three different Glenmore men were summoned to the New Ross District Court for having unlicensed dogs.
Guard John O’Mahony summoned Peter Fitzgerald of Killvory, Glenmore for keeping two unlicensed dogs. Fitzgerald did not appear. The Guard testified that Fitzgerald told him that he only got the dogs recently and did not know the time for taking out the license. District Court Judge Fahy replied, “The public had ample notice that the licences should be taken out before 31st March, and it was now the middle of July.” He fined Fitzgerald £1 and costs and ordered Fitzgerald to take out a license.
Guard Michael Hunt summoned Patrick Forrestal, Ballyverneen, Glenmore, for a similar offence. Forrestal said he only had the dogs two months and always took out licences. The Judge fined Forrestal 5s. and costs and ordered him to take out licences. He ended the hearing by stating, “The fine would be heavier if you did not appear” (Free Press (Wexford), Sat,.14 July 1923, p. 5).
Guard Michael Hunt also summoned Michael Fitzgerald, Glenmore for having two unlicensed dogs. In this unusual case the defendant reported himself to the Guard. The defendant explained that he could not get the forms in the post office on the 13th of April. He was not fined, but ordered to take out a license (New Ross Standard, Fri. 13 July 1923, p. 7).
Glenmore Winner at Waterford Feis
At the Waterford Feis held at the Presentation grounds on Sunday the first of July, Sean Murphy, of Glenmore took first in the Senior Hornpipe (Munster Express, Sat. 7 July 1923, p. 3).
Glenmore Sports
Not only was there an increase in sporting and other events special excursion trains were again running. The Dublin and South Eastern Railway provided a special excursion train for the Waterford Athletic & Cycling Sports held on Sunday the 15th of July. The train was scheduled to leave New Ross at noon with a ticket costing 2s.6d. and departing Glenmore at 12:11 p.m. with a fare of 1s. The train was scheduled to arrive in Waterford at 12:30 p.m. The return train to leave Waterford at 8 p.m. (Free Press (Wexford) Sat. 14 July 1923, p. 4).
The New Ross Standard (Fri. 6 July 1923, p. 7) announced that the senior Kilkenny football team–that was to play Meath in Croke Park on the 8th in the Leinster championship semi- final– a dozen of the team hailed from Glenmore. This match will be covered in our next post.
“A crowd numbering some hundreds witnessed an interesting football contest” on Monday the 2nd of July between junior teams representing Haggard and Glenmore South. “For junior teams it was a fine display in football. Haggard won by 1 goal, 5 point to 1 goal, 3 points. A return match is anticipated” (New Ross Standard, Fri. 6 July 1923, p. 7).
On Sunday the 22nd of July at Belmont, Ferrybank, Glenmore and Slieverue met in the first round of the Kilkenny Co. Junior Hurling Championship. Both teams were old rivals. Also, a friendly football match was played between Glenmore and Gracedieu (Munster Express, Sat. 21 July 1923, p. 5). Glenmore defeated Slieverue in the first round of the Kilkenny junior hurling championship on the score of 7-3 to 1-0.
Farming & Fishing
At the end of June new potatoes were offered for sale in New Ross. The first supply sold at 3d, per pound (New Ross Standard, Fri. 6 July 1923, p. 7). Following the change in the weather there was a brisk demand for cabbage plants at the New Ross fair with prices ranging from 7s. to 9s. per thousand seedings (New Ross Standard, Fri. 13 July 1923, p. 8).
A farmer was killed near Waterford through falling off a load of hay (New Ross Standard, Fri. 27 July 1923, p. 8). According to the Munster Express (Sat. 28 July 1923, p. 4) the farmer was John Hurley (60), of Ballyduff Lower. He was “carting hay from a field to his haggard, fell from the top of the haystack, and was killed.”
A trout weighing 4.5 lbs. was caught with a rod and fly in the Barrow, at Ballyogan, by a Ross man (New Ross Standard, Fri. 13 July 1923, p. 8).
“The Barrow was becoming famous as the hunting ground for strange creatures.” In July 1923, a porpoise was caught at St. Mullins, and further north a huge pike. A seal which one man swore was as big as a young calf, was also observed in the river. Eels reputed to be as thick as a man’s wrist were also landed. “If many more of the denizens of the ocean come up, the question of starting a zoo can be considered” (New Ross Standard, Fri. 27 July 1923, p. 4).
Love Was in the Air
The New Ross Standard noted that there was a boom in marriages with the end of the Civil War. In the month of June there were 60 weddings in New Ross and three in the adjoining parishes (New Ross Standard, Fri. 6 July 1923, p. 7).
At the meeting of the Thomastown District Council, an old man named Paddy Kiely, of Ballyhale, appeared before the meeting and made an application to be allowed to select a wife from the inmates of the County Home. The application caused much amusement, and Messrs McDonald and Wasterman were appointed to accompany Kiely through the house.
Eventually Paddy selected a woman named Jane Loughlin, and on being asked if she would consent, Jane asked to be allowed a month to consider. To this Paddy agreed, and promised to attend the next meeting (New Ross Standard, Fri. 20 July 1923, p. 5). No record could be located for a marriage between Paddy and Jane.
Miscellaneous Items
French photographers were “up in arms” against the French Tennis association, which prohibited cameras on the tennis courts because the female players revealed their legs. It was suggested by the photographers that the female players should be required to wear petticoats. The “lady players unanimously rejected” petticoats on the grounds that the garments would impede their game (Kilkenny People, Sat. 21 July 1923, p. 6).
Calls were made for the enforcement of the Vaccination Act. A smallpox outbreak occurred in England, and there was a great danger of it spreading in Ireland (New Ross Standard, Fri. 20 July 1923, p. 6).
It was announced that the weekly Ireland’s Own reduced its price to 2d. per copy (Munster Express, Sat. 7 July 1923, p. 6).
Dr. Kathleen Moore Walsh
Please send any corrections or additional information to glenmore.history@gmail.com.
From Danny’s Files: The 1906 Assault at Milltown, Glenmore
Over the years Danny Dowling (1927-2021) spent a great deal of time reading old local newspapers on microfiche machines in local libraries. His voluminous files are filled with newspapers articles he copied. Today, we are going to feature from Danny’s files the arrest of a well known, well liked and respected Glenmore farmer and horse breeder named Felix Mullins (1846-1919).
Felix Mullins was baptized on 11 April 1846 at Flemingstown, Glenmore the son of Patrick Mullins, Jr. (1818-1884) and Julia Brenan (1812-1891). His parents were married on 2 March 1840 at Mooncoin. Julia was from Ashgrove, Mooncoin. Felix Mullins never married. For further information on the Mullins family see our post of 10 January 2021.
The Assault at Milltown, Glenmore
The following newspaper article in Danny’s file was from the Waterford Mirror and Tramore Visitor (Thur. 19 July 1906, p. 5).
“On Wednesday morning Felix Mullins, of Glenmore, one of the most respectable farmers in the New Ross circuit, was arrested on a charge or having inflicted grievous bodily injury on an old man named Morrissey, a horse trainer, whose chief place of residence is Waterford. The accused was arrested by Sergeant Lynch, of Glenmore, and brought before Mr. Patrick Bolger, J.P., at the New Ross Workhouse Infirmary, where the injured man lay, and where depositions were taken.”
According to the statement of the victim James Morrissey, who was described as about 60 years of age, he attended the New Ross fair on Tuesday the 10th of July 1906. Morrissey “was returning by road to Waterford in the evening. He was being carried in a cart by two Tipperary men, and when they got to a place called Shanbogh, Felix Mullins overtook them. Mullins, he alleged drew on him with several strokes of a stick and he could not tell anything more until he found himself in the barracks at Glenmore.”
After Sergeant Lynch was examined, the accused was remanded on bail to the next New Ross Petty Session. Interestingly none of the newspaper articles mentioned that Felix Mullins was also 60 years of age in 1906.
Petty Session Records
Further details were found in the Petty Session Court Register, of 11 July 1906. Magistrate Bolger recorded that “Depositions of James Morrissey and Sergt C. Lynch taken and as injured man will not be able to attend for some time, case adjourned for 8 days. Mullins admitted to bail himself of £10.0.0 and two sureties of £5.0.0 each. Injured man in workhouse infirmary.”
The Petty Session Court Register, of 27 July 1906 notes that “James Morrissey still being unable to attend. Defendant further remanded until Friday 20th inst. and admitted to bail himself £10 and two sureties in £5 each.”
Hearing of 10 August 1906
The New Ross Standard (Fri. 17 August 1906, p. 13) published an extensive account of the proceedings of 10 August 1906.. Resident Magistrate Sir Wm. Paul and four other magistrates heard the case. District Inspector Smythe prosecuted. James Morrissey was described as a horse trainer from Waterford, of no fixed residence. Dr. Browne, solicitor, appeared for the defendant Felix Mullins.
Testimony of the Victim James Morrissey
“Morrissey, who is lame, appeared with his injured arm in a sling. He was sworn, and called on to listen to the deposition made by him in the New Ross Workhouse Infirmary before Mr. Thomas (sic) Bolger, J.P. after the occurrence. The deposition stated that Morrissey was a labourer and horse trainer, and had been at the Fair of New Ross on the 10th of July. He left in the afternoon to go to James Flemings , near Waterford, where he had been stopping.”
“Two Tipperary men, whom he did not know, had a horse and trap, and he got a lift from them. When he went as far as Milltown, Felix Mullins passed him with a horse and trap and John (sic) Duggan was with Mullins. Mullins said that deponent was always running down his horses, and Mullins got out of the trap, and struck deponent several times with a stick on the head. Deponent was also struck on the left hand by Mullins, and also on the legs. Deponent was attended by a doctor, who dressed and stitched his wounds. Deponent believed he must have given Felix Mullins some provocation before he struck him.”
Proper Court for Glenmore Assault Case?
One of the more interesting exchanges in the court commenced when Dr. Browne suggested that the case could be dealt with by the magistrates. In essence this would have meant that Felix Mulllins would face a simple assault charge rather than being sent to stand trial for a felony. Browne argued that there was never any danger at any time of Morrissey’s life except from septic poisoning. No bones were broken, and the man was all right.
District Inspector Smythe—It is my duty to ask that the case be returned for trial. It was a serious assault case, endangering life.
Dr. Browne—The man is all right now; and he was never in any danger except from septic poisoning, which might result from any wound.
Morrissey—Are you a doctor?
Mr. Colfer—Oh, he is.
Dr. Browne held a doctorate degree, but was not a medical doctor. Apparently ignoring the exchange between the victim and a magistrate, Dr. Browne continued to plead for having the case to be summarily dealt with by the Magistrates.
Morrissey—There are five wounds in that head there, and look at my hand and leg.
Dr. Browne reminded the court that the lameness of Morrissey’s leg was natural.
Morrissey—But sure I was struck on it. I was not well able to put it under me this morning, and I can’t walk too much on it, and it was the sergeant asked me to walk down, and that hand is useless since, and the doctor put splays to it.
Chairman—Unless the magistrates had medical evidence to show that his man was not so seriously injured as apparently according to that deposition he was, they would not like to take the responsibility of reducing the charge.
Dr. Browne said he would have had the doctor, who was attending Morrissey present, only he thought the Crown would. District Inspector Smythe replied that he would not have the doctor present unless the magistrates ordered it. Dr. Browne said that unfortunately Dr. Dwyer who attended Morrissey when he came into the hospital was away on holidays. However, he would send for Dr. Hickey who was presently attending Morrissey in the hospital.
When Dr. Hickey arrived at the court the Magistrates stated that they were in agreement that they did not want to hear from Dr. Hickey. They agreed that the proper medical testimony should come from Dr. Dwyer who treated Morrissey after the assault.
Testimony of Sergeant Cornelius Lynch of Glenmore R.I.C.
Sergeant Cornelius Lynch deposed that on the evening of the 10th of July information reached him that James Morrissey had been seriously assaulted on the road near Milltown, County Kilkenny. Witness arrested Mullins, and having given him the usual caution Mullins said: “He is always running down my horses. He has put a many a pound out of my pocket.” Witness found Morrissey lying on his back in the haggard of James Power, Jamestown, Glenmore. Morrissey had some drink taken.
Morrissey interrupted—If I required a character in the morning, I could get it. Morrissey then went on to belittle the character of Mullins and his horses, and Dr. Browne called the attention of the court to his statement. Browne said this was the sort of thing that was going on, and “that Mullins was submitting to this a long time.”
Testimony of Richard Duggan of Flemingstown, Glenmore
Richard Duggan, replying to District Inspector Smythe, testified that on the 10th July he was in New Ross. He left New Ross to return home about four or five in the evening with Mr. Mullins, the defendant, in a trap. “On the road home he remembered passing James Morrissey at Milltown. Morrissey was on the side of the road with blood on him. That was not the first time he saw Morrissey.”
“Witness first saw Morrissey at the New Ross side of Milltown. Morrissey was then in a car with two other men whom witness did not know. Morrissey was arguing, witness could not say with whom, but recollected that Morrissey said something to Mullins, and Mullins got off the car and went over to him. Witness saw no assault.”
Dr. Browne—We admit he struck this man.
“Examination continued, witness said that a wrangle then took place between Mullins and Morrissey, but witness did not see Mullins strike Morrissey. Witness was watching the beast at the time. Witness saw an ash plant in Mullins’ hand. After the wrangle Mullins got on the trap and drove off. When Mullins was leaving, witness saw Morrissey in a stooping position on the ground with blood on his head and face. Witness did not remember anything more and drove home with Mr. Mullins.”
Dr. Browne—I don’t want to ask the witness anything.
The Testimony of Sergeant Cornelius Lynch of Glenmore R.I.C.
“Sergeant Lynch then added to his deposition. When he reached Jamestown, about half past seven on the evening on the 10th July, he brought Morrissey in an ass’s car to the barracks to which he was not able to walk. He then sent one of the police to Dr. Dwyer who came and dressed his wounds.”
“Sergeant Lynch stated that there were four bad cuts on Morrisssey’s head, into which Dr. Dwyer put several stitches. There was a cut on the back of each of his hands. There was a cut on his right leg. Morrissey remained in the barrack all night until the following morning, when he was removed to New Ross Union hospital, and will have to go back to the hospital again.”
Under cross examination Sergeant Lynch stated that he was stationed in Glenmore for the past two and a half years. “He made inquiries about the character of Morrissey since the assault, and heard that he was of a drunken, quarrelsome character. Witness also heard that there was a warrant against Morrissey for being drunk.”
Cross Examination of the Victim
“James Morrissey, was recalled for cross-examination and admitted that a fortnight before the assault he was fined in this court for assault. He was also fined, he said, a long time ago for drunkenness. The injured man then volunteered the statement that he was horse trainer and that if he wanted a character he could get it from Mr. Power, of Faithleg; Mr. Power, of Bellevue; and Captain Bloomfield.”
Morrissey said that he would not ask a “character “from Felix Mullins, who called him an old blackguard, but he alleged the contrary to be the fact. According to the newspaper he went on to make a number of saucey (sic) remarks. He admitted that Felix Mullins got him a job with his brother Kieran, but he did not want the job because Kieran Mullins would only give him a shilling a day. He would not stop with him.”
Further questioned, Morrissey denied that he abused Felix Mullins or Felix Mullin’s horses, or tried to prevent farmers sending their mares to him. The witness then went on to comment that everyone knew about the performance of Mullin’s horse at Tramore race, and he alleged that a good cob would beat him.
Dr. Browne—Was Mr. Mullin’s horse bet?
“Bet,” said Morrissey with withering emphasis, “ oh indeed he was.”
Dr. Browne to the Magistrates—”This is the sort of thing that has been going on.”
Sergeant Lynch stated that Mr. Felix Mullins was one of the most respectable men in the parish of Glenmore, and bore the highest character. The case was then returned for trial for the next quarter session in Thomastown. The defendant reserved his defence, and continued on bail.
Thomastown Quarter Session Court
The Kilkenny People (Sat. 6 October 1906, p. 2) carried a short account of the case and amazingly incorrectly reported that Felix Mullins was from the Inistioge (sic) area.
“A true bill was found against a most respectable farmer named Felix Mullins from outside Inistioge (sic) for assaulting on the 10th of July James Morrissey thereby doing him bodily harm. Mr. D.J. O’Brien, B.L. (instructed by Mr. Brown, LL.D., New Ross) appeared for the prisoner. He said he was instructed to plead guilty on behalf of the prisoner who was a large farmer and kept stallion horses.”
“According to his instruction this man, Morrissey, circulated around the country damaging reports as regards the prisoner’s horses, and one day when they met on the road Morrissey refused to allow the prisoner to pass. The prisoner then it appeared struck Morrissey with an ashplant. They had already given Morrissey compensation for the injury done to him.”
“Mr. E.K.B. Tighe, D.L., Woodstock, was called to give evidence as to the prisoner’s character. Witness knew him for the last 18 years and always knew him to be a most respectable man. On the occasion of his Majesty’s visit to Kilkenny in 1902, it was witness’s intention to present the prisoner as one of the most worthy men of the district to his Majesty, had the latter been able to come to Woodstock. His Honor allowed the prisoner out on his own recognizance.”
[The King that visited Kilkenny in 1902 was Edward VII. Less than 20 years after Tighe testified for Felix Mulins his home, Woodstock House, was one of the many stately homes burned in 1922.]
Unfortunately, no record of the sentence given to Felix Mullins could be located. Given the fact that Felix Mullins paid compensation to the victim, admitted the charge, was given a sterling character reference by an important and connected person and was released on his own recognizance, it is likely that his sentence was a fine.
Prior Charge of Assault
It did not come out in any of the newspaper coverage, but research in the Petty Session Registers revealed that Felix Mullins was charged on the 17th of April 1865 with unlawfully assaulting Thomas Walsh at Ballycroney, Glenmore (Petty Session Register, Rosbercon, 13 May 1865). No outcome for the case could be located. In 1865 Felix Mullins would have been about 19 years of age.
The End
We believe that James Morrissey died in the Waterford Union hospital on 13 January 1916 at the age of 78. It was reported that he was a bachelor, worked as a groom, and lived on Peter St. in Waterford City. No obituary or death notice could be located. If his age at death is correct James Morrissey was 68 at the time of the assault in 1906.
Felix Mullins, died at his residence in Flemingstown, Glenmore on the 24th of January 1919. Notwithstanding the 1906 assault case, the New Ross Standard (Fri. 7 Feb. 1919, p. 4) reported that “The deceased was a well known, extremely popular, and highly respected gentleman, and was the member of a widely connected and popular county family. His frank and gentlemanly disposition and benevolent nature earned for him the deepest esteem of all who knew him, and the most profound regret was felt at his death. The funeral to Glenmore was of huge proportions, and the attendance numbered many public and business men, and showed the immense popularity of himself and the members of the family and relatives.”
See our obituary page for the longer obituary published by the Waterford News & Star (Fri. 7 Feb. 1919, p. 8).
Please send corrections or additional information to glenmore.history@gmail.com.
The featured photo of the thoroughbred horse is courtesy of the New York Public Library’s Digital Collection. The Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs: Print Collection, The New York Public Library. “Chestnut sorrel thoroughbred.” New York Public Library Digital Collections. Accessed August 3, 2023. https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47db-c4ca-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99.
For information on the historic Thomastown Courthouse on Logan St. see the National Inventory of Architectual Heritage website. This building was also burned in 1922, but rebuilt in 1925.
Dr. Kathleen Moore Walsh
One Hundred Years Ago: June 1923
With the end of the Civil War the local newspapers filled their pages with local politics and berated the Free State Government for both its actions and inactions in attempting to deal with the continued lawlessness, strikes, unemployment, business closures, lack of housing, the damage to roads and bridges and the Civil War prisoners. The courts were attempting to deal with tenants who failed to pay rent during the unrest and the unlawful seizure of property and dwellinghouses.
PEACE AT LAST
The New Ross Standard’s editorial published on 1 June 1923 (p. 4) proclaimed “PEACE AT LAST.”
“It is evident from the documents published this week that the painful and destructive campaign that so depressed and disheartened the people of Ireland for a very long period, and would, if it had been continued much longer, have reduced the country to ruin and bankruptcy, has now been ended.”
“Would that the leaders had acted differently many months ago and ceased to mislead their too credulous followers into the belief that the course they were pursing was in the interests of their country, and would eventuate in Ireland being made a Republic. There is now a disposition on the part of very many people to forgive and forget the pact, believing that the followers were misguided…”
“It is the manifest duty of everyone to work for unity so that we may successfully build up our nation and realise that hopes of our people when a measure of freedom came to Ireland.”
ORDER TO DUMP WEAPONS
In the same edition, on the next page, the paper published the order given by de Valera to lay down weapons. This order was found on the 25th of May in the possession of a Republican leader.
“Order of the Day; To all Ranks; From the President: Soldier of Liberty—Legion of the Rear-guard, The Republic can no longer be defended successfully by your arms. Further sacrifices on your part would now be vain and continuance of the struggle in arms unwise in the national interest. Military victory must be allowed to rest for the moment with those who have destroyed the Republic. Other means must be sought to safeguard the nation’s rights.”
“Do not let sorrow overwhelm you. Your efforts and the sacrifices of your dead comrades in this forlorn hope will surely bear fruit. You have saved the nation’s honour and kept open the road to independence. Laying aside your arms now is an act of patriotism as exalted and purse as your valour in taking them up.”
“Seven years of intense efforts have exhausted our people. Their sacrifices and their sorrows have been many. If they have turned away and have not given you the active support which alone could bring you victory in this last year, it is because they are weary and need a rest. Give them a little time to recover and rally again to the standard. They will then quickly discover who have been selfless and who selfish—who have spoke truth and who falsehood…”
“The sufferings which you must now face unarmed you will bear in a manner worthy of men who were ready to give their lives for their cause…Eamon de Valera.” (New Ross Standard, Fri. 1 June 1923, p. 5).
The newspaper also published an order from Frank Aiken, Chief of Staff… “The arms with which we have fought the enemies of our country are to be dumped. The foreign and domestic enemies of the Republic have for the moment prevailed. But our enemies have not won…Frank Aiken, Chief of Staff.”
Permits, Arrests & Executions
Permits for pedal bikes were still required in New Ross and districts on the first of June (New Ross Standard, Fri. 1 June 1923, p. 5). However, the very next week it was reported that the permits were no longer required (New Ross Standard, Fri. 8 June 1923, p. 5).
Troops searched some houses in Campile the last Friday in May. Miss Colfer and Miss Lawlor, were arrested at Campile two weeks earlier and Miss Cleary of Whitechurch, along with other arrested women were removed to Kilmainham, Dublin (New Ross Standard, Fri. 1 June 1923, p. 5).
Two men were executed in Tuam military barracks on the morning of the 29th of May. They were arrested the previous week two hours after the Munster & Leinster Bank of Athenry was robbed. They had £700 and two loaded Webley revolvers in their possession. They were tried by court martial and admitted the robbery but claimed that the robbery had no political significance. They claimed they were forced agents in connection with land trouble (New Ross Standard, Fri. 1 June 1923, p. 5).
Repairs & Destruction
G.S. and W.R. railway bridges at Ballywilliam and Taylorstown were repaired. The Barrow was dragged and the missing shaft of the big railway bridge between Campile and Waterford was returned to its “usual position” (New Ross Standard, Fri. 1 June 1923, p. 5).
After being out of action for six months the telephone service between New Ross and Wexford was restored (New Ross Standard, Fri.15 June 1923, p. 5).
The Boyne Obelisk, erected in 1736 on the site of the “memorable battle,” was blown up on the last day of May. The monument bore an inscription to the effect that it had been erected by the Protestants of Great Britain and Ireland and was “sacred to the glorious memory of King William III, who, on 1st July 1690, cross the Boyne at this place to attack James II at the head of a Popish army (Waterford News & Star, 1 June 1923, p. 5).
Free State Army & Prisoners
General Mulchy testified before the Dail that at the beginning of 1923 there were approximately 50,000 men in the Free State Army. He said that in June there were 49,000 and the end of the year he expected there to be 28 to 30 thousand men serving. There were 12,000 men and women under arrest and the General replied that if the situation in the country rapidly changed the Government’s attitude would quickly change with regard to dealing with suspects, prisoners and convicts of certain crimes (New Ross Standard, Fri. 8 June 1923, p. 5).
Proposed Legislation for Revolt
Under the Public Safety (Emergency Powers) Bill, a person could be sentenced to death or to penal servitude for a term not less that 8 years for armed revolt or for threatening any person or damaging any property in furtherance of such revolt. A person could only be detained for a week at which point he was charged or released. “With regard to whippings, in addition to other penalties for robbery under arms, youths under 16 shall not receive more than 25 strokes of a birch-rod, while in the case of any other male person the number of strokes shall not exceed 50. The court to specify the number of strokes and the instrument to be used. Every person who is now detained in custody…or held in interment by the military may be detained in custody under the Act” (New Ross Standard, Fri. 29 June 1923, p. 6).
Slump in Athletic Sports
With the end of the Civil War many postponed events were arranged, but the New Ross Standard reported that there was a “slump in athletic sports.“ “Not for a quarter of a century was there such a slump in athletic sports as there is this summer. For years on of the difficulties that confronted promoters of sports was to get a date on which too many other fixtures would not clash, but this year dates are going abegging” (New Ross Standard, Fri. 22 June 1923, p. 5).
FARMING
A large supply of wool went to the New Ross Market. Hogget wool washed brought 9.5d per pound while unwashed received 7.5d per pound. “Prices of high class and finer wool up to 1s.2d. per pound (New Ross Standard, Fri. 15 June 1923. p. 8).
It was reported that the potato plants and fruit trees suffered from the “recent frosts” with the plants and blossoms being considerably burned (New Ross Standard, Fri. 1 June 1923, p. 4 & 5).
Cabbage plants of good quality realised from 7s to 10s per thousand at New Ross on fair day (New Ross Standard, Fri. 15 June 1923, p. 5).
“Notwithstanding the numerous predictions as to the likelihood of a failure of the hay crop owing to the dry, harsh weather,” there were many fairly good first crop meadows cut in the district during the last week of June. (New Ross Standard, Fri. 29 June 1923, p. 7).
INTERNATIONAL NEWS
Heat Wave in America—a great heat wave swept over America, and a larg2 number of victims reported. Upwards of fifty persons died from the heat. New York on Wednesday experienced its hottest day for 30 years. There were seven deaths. Transportation was impacted as the heat buckled the train rails. Temperatures of 100 Fahrenheit were reported and 17 people died in Chicago. The authorities in New York threw open the parks for sleeping purposes, and the Fire Department was ordered to arrange for constant showers of water in the streets. Thousands of persons, mainly women and children slept on the park benches. (New Ross Standard, Fri. 29 June 1923, p. 3).
Campbell, the English motorist, made a world’s record on a Sunbeam car at the France motor car races, covering the mile in 26.14 seconds, or at the rate of 137 miles per hour (New Ross Standard, Fri. 29 June 1923, p. 5).
GLENMORE IN THE NEWS
MISHAP TO MOTOR PARTY
“When a motor car was coming round a curve on the road at the Pink Rock, between Glenmore and New Ross, on Friday morning, one of the hind wheels broke, and the car turned, throwing the occupants on to the road. One of them, Mr. O’Brien, Manor-street, Waterford, received a rather severe injury, and was taken to the Royal Hotel, New Ross, where he was medically treated, and subsequently taken to one of the local hospitals, where he was for some days” (New Ross Standard, Fri. 8 June 1923, p. 5).
John Dunphy of Ballyverneen, Glenmore
Amongst those appointed Commissioners of the Peace for the Co. Kilkenny in June 1923 was Mr. John Dunphy, M.C.C., chairman of Ida District Council, Ballyverneen, Glenmore (New Ross Standard, Fri. 1 June 1923, p. 5).
Rev. John Phelan of Glenmore
In June 1923, at St. Mary’s Cathedral, Kilkenny, two South Kilkenny students were ordained by Most Rev. Dr. Downey. These included: Rev. P. Darmod, Crobally, Mullinavat to San Francisco and Rev. John Phelan, Glenmore to Sydney (Munster Express, Sat. 16 June 1923, p. 5).
Glenmore Football
Owing to All Ireland football final on June 17th the date of the Kilkenny Feis, a communication was received stating that Dublin would be unable to field a hurling team to play Kilkenny at the Feis. It was decided that Kildare senior football team be invited to play Kilkenny. The invitation was accepted by Kildare, who field their best inter-county team for the match. The selection of the Kilkenny team was left to Glenmore senior football team—Kilkenny county champions (Munster Express, Sat. 2 June 1923, p. 5).
This math was eagerly anticipated. “The sternly fought contest between these two teams in Leix [in May] in which Kilkenny by a narrow margin were the winners is proof that the silver cup put up by the Feis Committee for the match will not be softly won” (Waterford News & Star, Fri. 8 June 1923, p. 8).
“A great game was witnessed at Kilkenny on Sunday the 17th when Glenmore and Kildare met for the splendid cup presented by the Feis Committee. Kildare won the toss, and decided to play towards the city goal, having the advantage of the wind and sun. Kilkenny were first away from the throw in and sent wide. Several other overs resulted, and Kildare, breaking through, scored a point. Kilkenny equalised almost immediately, and missed a goal shortly afterwards. There was no further scoring until half-time, when the score stood one point each.”
“Kildare attacked for the first ten minutes of the second half, and succeeded in raising the green flag. Kilkenny now brought the play into the Kildare territory, and after a great scrimmage around the goal, the ball was boxed into the net for the equaliser. Both teams were now trying for all they were worth for the lead, and after both ends being visited, Kilkenny scored the winning point and at the final whistle the score stood: Kilkenny 1-2; Kildare, 1-1” (Munster Express, Sat. 23 June 1923, p. 6).
Edward Grace, of Glenmore v. James Holden & Others
This case was heard in Dublin in June 1923. Edward Grace, farmer, of Glenmore sought an injunction against James Holden, and his nephew, Patrick MacDonald, Daniel Doolan and James Whelan, all of Shanbogh in respect of lands at Shanbogh lower, Damages were claimed for the trespass and taking away and destruction of certain property. Plaintiff held over 75 acres under an agreement dated 17 April 1922 with Caroline H. C. Burthaell as landlord. Edward Grace paid a yearly rent of £61. . It was noted that for the last couple of years, a number of people were seizing lad which did not belong to them and held it against the true owners.
The 75 acres was on the Boyd estate, which contained about 400 acres, and it was untenanted for the previous 40 years. It had been evicted about the year 1880, and since that time had been let for grazing until 1920. Local opposition grew to the continued grazing. Mr. Colfer the solicitor for the owners and Father O’Shea tried hard to bring about an agreement with the evictees from 1880. Mr Grace paid £1,200 for an allotment of 75 acres which was to pay off the evited tenants. Holden was allocated £500 of the purchase price which he accepted, but had failed to collect from Father O’Shea.
Holden and MacDonald, broke and entered the lands and took possession of the dwellinghouse, and by threats and violence compelled the plaintiff to leave. With others they ploughed the lands, sowed them with corn, cut and saved plaintiff’s hay and converted it to their own use. The Republicans held a Court about 9 April and ordered Holden not to interfere with the lands. Holden and MacDonald disobeyed the order and were arrested by the Irregulars.
All defendants were found liable for the damages suffered by the plaintiff. Similar actions also listed included Philip Malone v. James Holden & Others; Patrick Forrestal v. James Holden & Others; Margaret Forrestal v. James Holden & Others, and John Aylward v. Daniel Holden & Others (Munster Express, Sat. 30 June 1923, p. 5).
For further information concerning the Boyd Estate see,”Glenmore & the United Irish League’s Rosberon Rally” post published 15 Jan. 2023.
For further information concerning the Boyd murder see our post of 7 Nov. 2021.
Please send any corrections or additional information to glenmore.history@gmail.com.
Dr. Kathleen Moore Walsh
Gaulestown, Glenmore (1961)
Today, we are going to feature information Danny Dowling (1927-2021) recorded regarding the residents of the townland of Gaulestown, Glenmore, in 1961. Unfortunately Danny did not leave notes as to how he determined the boundaries of this townland, and we note that Danny listed the Reddy’s in Ballyrahan townland, but according to their obituaries their address was given as Gaulestown, Glenmore.
We are fast approaching the last of the Glenmore townlands.
Background
The Irish for this townland, according to O’Kelly’s, The Place Names of the County of Kilkenny Ireland (1969, p. 113) is “Baile na nGall, homestead of the Gaul family. Area 140 acres.” That is all that O’Kelly recorded regarding Gaulestown which is located in the Civil Parish of Kilcolumb.
Tithe Applotment 1829
The Tithe Applotment books, lists David O’Neill Power (c. 1788-1863) as the owner of the townland. David O’Neill Power also owned Ballyrahan & Ballinlammy, Glenmore. See our post of 26 December 2022 concerning the landlord David O’Neill Power.
There were 5 tenants listed in the 1829 Applottment Books for Gaulestown. The tenants include: Plot 51 [1] Edmond & [2] John Power (69 statute acres); Plot 52 [3] Thomas Murphy & [4] John Donovan & [5] William Kennedy (66 statute acres).
1961 Gaulestown Glenmore
In 1961, Danny recorded 4 families or households in the townland of Gaulestown. Birthdates or birth years are provided for some of the older residents gleaned from available public records. For some time after drafting his notebook, Danny recorded the dates of death or simply recorded that a resident had died or left the townland.
Danny’s recorded information reveals that in 1961, 14 people resided in the townland of Gaulestown, with the population comprised of 8 males and 6 females. The largest family was the McDonald family with 7 in the household. There was 1 household recorded with a single person living alone. All information under residents of Gaulestown not in Danny’s original list has been placed in square brackets [ ].
Recorded Gaulestown Residents (1961)
Males= 8
Females= 6
Eldest Recorded Resident
The eldest resident recorded by Danny in 1961 in Gaulestown was James Phelan (22 Jan. 1887—24 Dec. 1964) who was 74 years of age in 1961. Shortly before James died he had to have one of his legs removed. James was born in Robinstown, Glenmore in 1887 the son of Patrick Phelan (farm labourer) and his wife Mary Foran. His wife, Bridgie Phelan (19 May 1891– 5 Sept. 1972) operated a little shop out of their home in Gaulestown as late as the early 1960’s. That part of Gaulestown was known as Ballinamona (town of the turf).
Shortly after James Phelan died in December 1964 (see our P Family Surname Page for his obit), his widow sold their home. “Gaulestown, Glenmore, Co. Kilkenny, sale of vested cottage with .5 acre of land, to be sold by private treaty, by directions of Mrs. Bridget Phelan. The accommodation consists of: kitchen, parlour, pantry, and 2 bedrooms. E.S.B. lighting. The out-offices consists of 3 sheds including fowl house, car house, pig house, tool house, etc. The half acre of land is at present under pasture. For further particulars, apply P.N. O’Gorman,…New Ross.” (New Ross Standard, Sat. 23 Jan. 1965, p. 1)
Recorded Work
Farmer= 2 ( 2 Males)
Farm Worker (retired) = 1 (1 Male)
Clover Meats Employee= 1 (1Male)
Gaulestown, Glenmore Residents 1961
[1] McDONALD
McDonald, Patrick (25 Aug. 1910) Farmer
McDonald, Bridget (b. 1924) wife
McDonald, John, son, child
McDonald, Patrick, son, child
McDonald, Michael, son, child
McDonald, Timothy, son, child
McDonald, Margaret, daughter, child
[2] DOYLE
Doyle, James (b. 1918) Farmer
[3] O’CONNOR
O’Connor, Willam (b. 1921) Clover Meats
O’Connor, Alice, wife
O’Connor, Mary, daughter, child
O’Connor, Johanna, daughter, child
[4] PHELAN
Phelan, James (22 Jan. 1887) Retired (died 24 Dec. 1964)
Phelan, Bridget (19 May 1891) wife
Please send any additional information or corrections to glenmore.history@gmail.com.
Dr. Kathleen Moore Walsh
BALLYRAHAN, GLENMORE (1961)
Today, we are going to feature information Danny Dowling (1927-2021) recorded regarding the residents of the townland of Ballyrahan, Glenmore, in 1961. Unfortunately Danny did not leave notes as to how he determined the boundaries of this ancient townland, and we note that the Reddy’s, according to their obituaries gave their address as Gaulestown, Glenmore.
Background
The Irish for this townland, according to O’Kelly’s, The Place Names of the County of Kilkenny Ireland (1969, p. 112) is “Baile an rathain, place of the little rath. Area 139 acres. The rath is by the roadside on the northern border. The Ridire (pronounced Ridise) O’Dea’s house, long destroyed, is near the Carriganurra border. Moin an ridise, the knight’s bogland, lies low down the slope. Ballyrahan hamlet is marked on the O.S. sheet. A field here is Garraidhin na sraide and other fields are Carraigin, and Pairc na reidhe, field of the level spot.”
Ballyrahan is located in the civil parish of Kilcolumb. For an interesting short article on the Barony of Ida click here.
Tithe Applotment Books 1829
The Applotment books, lists David O’Neill Power (c. 1788-1863) as the owner of the townland. David O’Neill Power also owned Gaulestown & Ballinlammy, Glenmore. See our post of 26 December 2022 concerning David O’Neill Power.
Ballyrahan Townland was divided into 4 plots with a total of 11 tenants listed. Plot 53 was comprised of 47 statute acres with J and Patt Aylward listed as the tenants. Plot 54 was comprised of 54 statute acres with 5 tenants: Patt & Edmond Aylward, Widow Neill, Wm. Neill and Michael Kirwan. Plot 55 was comprised of 18 statute acres and John Grant was the tenant. Plot 56 was comprised of 31 statute acres and had three tenants: John Kirwan, Colum Kirwan and William Bohan.
1961 Ballyrahan, Glenmore
In 1961, Danny recorded 2 families or households in the townland of Ballyrahan. Birthdates or birth years are provided for some of the older residents gleaned from available public records. For some time after drafting his notebook, Danny recorded the dates of death or simply recorded that a resident had died or left the townland.
Danny’s recorded information reveals that in 1961, 17 people resided in the townland of Ballyrahan, with the population comprised of 8 males and 9 females. The largest family was the Kirwan family with 13 in the household. There was no household recorded with a single person living alone. All information under residents of Ballyrahan not in Danny’s original list has been placed in square brackets [ ].
Recorded Ballyrahan, Glenmore Residents
Males= 8
Females= 9
Eldest Recorded Resident
The eldest resident recorded by Danny in 1961 in Ballyrahan was Margaret Reddy née Hennessy (4 Sept. 1886—2 April 1970). The headstone in St. James Cemetery in Glenmore records that John Reddy (c. 1882-1961) of Gaulestown died on the 13th of February 1961, aged 79. His wife Margaret died 2 April 1970, aged 83. Their son James Reddy (c. 1926-2011) died 14 August 2011, aged 84.
Danny interviewed his mother, Hannah Dowling of Jamestown, Glenmore on 18 January 1970 and she stated that the Reddy’s of Gaulestown originated in Ballinaraha (sic). “Jack Reddy of Gaulestown married Margaret Hennessey of Ballilogue, Rochestown, Glenmore. However, Margaret’s obituary states that she was from Ballylogue, the Rower (Munster Express, Fri. 3 April 1970, p. 41). See our R Surnames Family page for Jack and Margaret’s obituarries.
Recorded Work
Farmer= 2 (2 Males)
Farm Workers = 2 (2 Males)
School Secretary= 1 (1 Female)
Clerk= 1 (1 Female)
Ballyrahan, Glenmore Residents 1961
[1] KIRWAN
Kirwan, John (28 Feb. 1902) Farmer [died 27 July 1993, aged 91]
Kirwan, Bridget (1916) wife [née O’Connor, died 24 Nov. 1974, aged 58]
Kirwan, Michael (20 Jan. 1906) brother, assisting relative
Kirwan, Margaret, daughter
Kirwan, Mary, daughter, school secretary
Kirwan, Anne, daughter, clerk
Kirwan, Kathleen, daughter
Kirwan, Eily, daughter
Kirwan, James, son
Kirwan, Joan, daughter
Kirwan, Michael, son
Kirwan, Patrick, son
Kirwan, John, son
[2] REDDY
Reddy, James (1926) Farmer [died 14 Aug. 2011, aged 84]
Reddy, Margaret (4 Sept. 1886) mother [died 2 April 1970, aged 83]
Maher, William, nephew, assisting relative
Reddy, Kathleen, wife [née Kitty Hanlon, of Newtown, Glenmore]
Please send any corrections or additional information to glenmore.history@gmail.com . Please be patient for a reply, and further posts, as our home phone and internet have been out of order for over a week.
Dr. Kathleen Moore Walsh
One Hundred Years Ago: May 1923
Although the Civil War ended on 24 May 1923 after the IRA Chief of staff issued a ceasefire order. However, after the arrest of several leaders and the apparent futility of the struggle the IRA suspended military actions. Local newspapers surprisingly carried very little on the subject. An editorial in the New Ross Standard summed up as follows:
“The country is very relieved that there is practically a cessation of the foolish but criminal conduct that has been devastating the land for some time. We are thankful that our newspapers are not now reeking of murder and destruction of property, as they were for the past year, that number of young fellows are not hurled into eternity day after day without warning, and without being given even a few minutes to prepare for death. In a few isolated instances there are still some hostilities…” (New Ross Standard, Fri. 11, May 1923, p. 4).
On the other hand, newspapers began to mark the changes that reinforced Ireland as a Free State.
The Cunard line, Carmania, called at Cobh on the morning of the 6th of May “to embark passengers for New York. The Carmania was the first British liner to pay the courtesy of flying the Irish tricolour from its foremast. This courtesy was done by ships entering foreign ports.
Later that evening the White Star line, Baltic, landed 326 sacks of American mail at Cohb. For the first time a Free State immigration officer. R.E. Larkin, officiated under the Aliens Act. British officials performed this duty heretofore” (New Ross Standard, Fri. 11 May 1923, p. 4).
Arrests Continued
Although the Civil War ended arrests of local men continued. On the 22nd of May, Thomas Hartley, Weatherstown, Glenmore, and James Hoyne, Coolroebeg, Thomastown, were arrested by the military. An irregular, Martin Hartley, Ballalog, Tulloghor, was arrested the same week by National Troops at Glenmore. Two Irregulars named Patrick Walsh and Richard Brennan, both of whom escaped from Kilkenny Military Barracks, earlier in the year were captured at Mooncoin on the 22nd (Kilkenny Moderator, Sat. 26 May 1923, p. 12).
Impact
The newspapers in May began to transition from reporting on the horrors of the Civil War to reporting on its impact on the economy of the fledgling Free State.
“Unemployment was at an abnormal level…At the end of March there were 33,000—twice the normal number… At the start of May 1923 the Dail began debating an emergency £250,000 to extend the benefits period. The Unemployment Fund of £550,000 and exhausted (New Ross Standard, Fri. 4 May 1923, p. 4).
Damaged Rail Lines
In several areas the rail infrastructure remained severely damaged and this had a knock on effect. At the beginning of May 1923, after the 30 April ceasefire was declared by the IRA, the military reported to the Dail that “they are now ready to protect all the railway lines, and the companies have been so notified and urged to re-open closed lines.”
Deputy R. Corish argued in the Dail that the Great Southern & Western Railway had neglected their interests and those of the people they served. In July 1922 the line between Wexford town and Waterford was damaged and remained unrepaired.
Their boats were withdrawn that plied between Fishguard and Rosslare. The effect of their decisions reduced the Wexford Meat Supply Co. to half staff because there was no outlet for their “dead meat.” This in turn impacted on local farmers and the wages they could pay. “Ireland is suffering, and suffering badly, as a result of their laxiety” (New Ross Standard, Fri. 4 May 1923, p. 4).
Obviously missing from Deputy Corish’s speech was the fact that the Irregulars destroyed rail lines as fast as they were repaired, and National Troops had been unable to stop the attacks on the lines or rolling stock. Also repairs were not always easy to perform. For example, at the end of May it was reported that divers were attempting to locate the apparatus which opened the draw arch in the Barrow bridge on the G.S. and W.R. between Campile and Waterford.
The apparatus was thrown apparently into the river. Consequently, the arch could not be closed. It was hoped that if the apparatus could be located the arch could be closed, and thus allow trains to run as far as Ballycullane (Munster Express, Sat. 26 May 1923, p. 4).
Industrial Strife
Jim Larkin returned to Ireland at the end of April 1923 after an absence of 8 years. Larken said he found the rich richer and the poor poorer than when he left. “He might have added, and industry much less evident. It has been all but killed by profiteering and doles to workers “(New Ross Standard, Fri. 4 May 1923, p. 4).
Waterford Agricultural Labourers Dispute
A dispute erupted between agricultural labourers and farmers in East Waterford in mid-May. Several incidents were reported in the Munster Express including the stealing of engine bearings at the Kilmeaden creamery which brought work to a halt and the burning of hay. Farmers moved to protect the creameries until a military party relieved them.
Farmers attempting to move goods had them seized by large groups. Mrs. Rickards, of Rossduff, was on her way home with provisions when her provisions were seized. She returned to Waterford and the military recovered her provisions in Ballygunner. Rickards was a sister of J.J. Walsh, Postmaster General and her husband was interned in 1920-1921.
The dispute soon escalated impacting on other industries. J & S Phelan, Waterford, closed “owing to” its employees refusing to handle goods purchased by farmers. “The latter preceded to another Waterford house where their requirements were supplied.”
Gaultier Creamery sent 14 tons of butter to the Great Western depot at Waterford for shipment. Agricultural labourers were picketing the depot and the dockers refused to handle the butter. The two carriers from the Creamery loaded the butter on the steamer. The picket attempted to stop them loading onto the ship, but the military intervened with bayonets.
When the butter was loaded the sailors and firemen left the ship. Passengers were on board as well as a large quantity of livestock. The Captain suggested that the butter be taken back to the creamery which was done to the cheers of the agricultural labourers, the dockers, the sailors and firemen (Munster Express, Sat. 26 May 1923, p. 5).
Postal Dispute
Postal difficulties showed no sign of improving in Dublin. The Postmaster-General stated that Sunday collections and delivery would not be restored and bank holidays were to be observed as Sundays. To the dismay of Dublin businesses, the last delivery of letters was three o’clock.
Midnight and 5 a.m. collections were also abandoned. Businesses also reported long delays in letter delivery and a huge increase in lost letters. It was estimated that the post office “means a loss of over a million pounds a year to the Free State taxpayer” who pays more for letters and telephones than citizens in the Six Counties and Britain (New Ross Standard, Fri. 18 May 1923, p. 5).
Housing & Cost of Food Inflation
Ironically the Government one hundred years ago was wrestling with two issues that face the Government today, housing and inflation.
In May 1923 discussions took place in the Dail regarding the provision of more houses in Ireland. The price of new materials in Ireland was much higher than in England, and tradesmen’s wages were higher in Ireland than England. It was argued that the tradesmen were idle for so long that when work came their way wages were higher to allow the tradesmen to live. It was argued that continuous employment would reduce high wages (New Ross Standard, Fri. 11 May 1923, p. 4)
It was estimated that at least 40,000 to 45,000 houses were required. Under the Labourers Act 47,965 and of these 41,851 were built in rural areas. Much was required for urban housing. The Minister for Local Government put aside £700,000 for housing in the estimates for the year. (New Ross Standard, Fri. 11 May 1923, p. 5).
The high cost of food was regularly aired in the local newspapers. For example, it was noted in mid-May “there is a great glut of potatoes this season, but the prices charged to consumers are very high and unfair” (New Ross Standard, Fri. 11 May 1923, p. 4).
Glenmore People in the News
Publican Peter Gahan
Glenmore native Peter Gahan (1888-1958) appeared in the New Ross District Court on Thursday the 17th of May 1923. Gahan was charged with two cases of breaching the Licensing Act. See our post of 19 March 2023 for further details concerning Gahan who operated a pub and funeral business in New Ross.
Case 1
The first case charged Gahan with on the 17th of April 1923 having on his premises James Martin, of William St., and Thomas Furlong, of High Street. Thomas A. Colfer, solicitor, appeared for the defendant and said, “on a former occasion he occupied a similar position and the court was kind enough to express appreciation of his action in not taking up time with a fictitious defence. In the same way he now entered a plea of guilty, and in fairness to the defendant he wished to clear up one or two matters…
Sergeant Haugh of the New Ross Civic Guards testified that at 11:22 on the 17th of April he found two men drinking on the premises and several soldiers. The defendant alleged that one man had come for a coffin and the other, Martin, was Gahan’s employee. Four national soldiers were billeted on the premises and 11 belonged to a column.
“His Worship” referred to the warning he gave New Ross publicans and expressed surprise that Mr. Gahan was again before him. “Mr. Colfer put the circumstances of the case very fully and very sensibly before him. He was glad to say that the public houses were now put out of bounds as regards the military. A public house seemed to be a snug billet for some of them, and he thoroughly appreciated Mr. Gahan’s difficulty. There was a technical offence…” He fined Gahan £1 and costs and defendant Furlong 5s. and costs. He dismissed the case against Martin.
Case 2
At 6 p.m. on Sunday the 6th of May 1923, Guard Kelly found five men in Gahan’s premises. One was a soldier from Waterford, another a traveller, and the other a wireless operator who left on Tuesday. Two of the men, James Gordon of South St. and Patrick Hunt of William St. were not travellers and should not have been served on a Sunday. Mr. Colfer again pleaded guilty for Gahan and said that Gahan invited the men in for a drink as they were personal friends of his and no money was paid.
“His Worship” told Gahan that if he “persisted in this kind of work he would lose his license eventually.” He fined Gahan €5 and costs. “He was thinking of endorsing his license, but he would give him another chance. If anything occurred between now and next September nothing would save him from losing his license.” Gordan and Hunt were fined 40s. and costs. (New Ross Standard, Fri. 18 May 1923, p. 8).
For further details regarding Sunday licensing requirements see our post of 21 May 2023.
Glenmore GAA Players Selected
An emergency meeting of the Kilkenny County GAA Committee was held on Sunday the 6th of May 1923. “The principal business of the meeting was the consideration of invitations to the senior hurling team, who were the Leinster champions, to play matches. “Since the defeat of Dublin in the Leinster final the county board has been deluged with invitations from various places in Leinster and Munster to allow the champions to play exhibition games against other prominent teams. It was impossible to accept all invitations, but it was agreed to field the championship team in some prominent matches.
The selection committee was held and two Glenmore players were selected for the Kilkenny Junior Football team, E. Freyne and M. Cody (believed to be Edward “Ned” Freyne and Michael Cody) (Munster Express, Sat. 12 May 1923, p. 5).
Apologies for the delay in posting this but our home internet and phone went out. Please send any corrections or additional information to glenmore.history@gmail.com.
Dr. Kathleen Moore Walsh