November, 2023
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From Danny’s Files : Christmas Baking 1922
Danny Dowling (1927-2021) the Glenmore Village Historian, in addition to interviewing people also spent a substantial amount of time reading and researching in old newspapers. Before local libraries were equipped to provide copies of old newspaper articles Danny often wrote out the articles in one of his notebooks. Sometimes, he just took down notes concerning the prices of produce at fairs etc. he found in a newspaper. Today, we are going to feature recipes that appeared in the New Ross Standard in 1922 (15 Dec. 1922, p. 3). Danny recorded the recipe for Brandy Butter on a piece of paper that he stuck into one of his notebooks with a notation citing where he found it.
In Danny’s voluminous book collection there were several cook books including some very old cookbooks. Danny was interested in how people lived in the past and although he never mentioned cooking or baking himself to me, he did tell me one December that his brother Pat Dowling (1941-2023) of Cappagh, Glenmore enjoyed making Christmas puddings. Pat started his puddings early and gave most of them away to family and friends. We shall check with Danny’s son Pat, to see if he can shed some light on the Brandy Butter recipe that Danny recorded.
In looking up the original Brandy Butter recipe, from Danny’s notation, we found several other Christmas recipes published with it. It is interesting to see how recipes have evolved over the past 100 years. In 1922 the measurements, when provided, are Imperial measurements. Reference is made to kitchen paper which today must mean greaseproof baking paper. The recipes also employ raw eggs that would not be considered safe today due to salmonella concerns. The Christmas Pudding recipe is called “Grannie’s” and if true must have been in use pre-1900. It is not known how many Glenmore households had stoves or cookers in 1922, but it is believed that most households were still cooking over open fires in large kitchen fireplaces.
A Good Christmas Cake
One and half pounds of flour, one pound of butter, one pound of sugar, one pound of currants, one pound of sultanas, half a pound of mixed peel, small teaspoon of mixed spices, a saltspoonful of salt, a tablespoon of golden syrup, two ounces of chopped almonds and eight eggs.
Beat the sugar and butter together until it creams, then add the eggs, one at a time, beating each one well. When four eggs have been beaten, add a little of the flour, then beat the other four, gradually adding the remainder of the flour. Put the golden syrup into half a teaspoon of milk and add to the mixture, then the salt, spice, fruit, and peel. The fruit should be cleaned, but not washed, and the peel chopped finely.
The fruit is best cleaned by placing on a wire sieve, sprinkled with flour, and rubbed with the palm of the hand. A wineglassful of brandy improves the flavour of the cake. When all the ingredients are well mixed, butter some kitchen paper and line a cake tin, putting a double layer at the bottom.
Bake from five to six hours in a slow oven. Leave in the tin when baked tlll cold.
Icing for Cake
Almond Icing
Two pounds of icing sugar, one pound of ground almonds, three eggs. Mix the sugar and almonds together, well beat the eggs, mix into a stiff paste. When the cake is quite cold, level the top and spread with the paste. [Warning this recipe uses uncooked eggs!]
Sugar Icing
To every pound and half of icing sugar add the whites of three eggs and the juice of a lemon. Beat or whisk the whites of eggs, add the sugar and lemon juice, stirring all the time till becomes stiff, spread over the almond icing, using a clean knife, which should be dipped in cold water. If required more ornamental pipes may be used. {Warning this recipe uses uncooked egg whites!]
Christmas Pudding (Grannie’s Recipe)
1 ½ pounds raisins, 1 ½ pounds currants, 1 ½ pounds sultanas, 1 ½ pounds suet (beef), 1 ½ pounds sugar, 1 ½ pounds mixed peel, 2 teaspoonsful mixed spice, 1 large nutmeg, crumbs of one small loaf, 1½ pounds of self-raising flour, 3 new laid eggs, 2 tablespoonsful of treacle, spoonful of salt, 1 lemon, 3 ounces almonds (ground), 1 medium sized carrot, old ale to mix.
Clean and pick the fruit, chop the suet, and peel finely, grate the nutmeg, rub the loaf into fine crumbs, beat the eggs with the treacle, adding the lemon juice slowly, grate the carrot. When all the dry ingredients are well mixed add the eggs, treacle and lemon juice with sufficient old ale to make a fairly stiff mixture. It should drop from the spoon, which should be a wooden one. This quantity will make several good-sized puddings. Butter some pudding basins, fill them, tie down with floured cloths or kitchen paper, steam for twelve hours. When required, reheat and serve with brandy butter.
Brandy Butter
Two ounces of butter, two ounces of sugar, beat well together, then add gradually a tablespoon of brandy. Serve in a sauce boat. If preferred wine sauce makes a good addition to this pudding.
Wine Sauce
One wine glass of sherry, one of water, a teaspoonful of cornflour, one of sugar. Mix the cornflour with the wine and water; add the sugar, put into a saucepan and stir over the fire until it boils.
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The featured photo of the Christmas pudding is an 1897 postcard. The Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs: Picture Collection, The New York Public Library. “X-mas pudding.” New York Public Library Digital Collections. Accessed November 26, 2023. https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47e3-f516-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99
Are any of these recipes close to your family favourites? Did your Glenmore parents/grandparents/great-grandparents in 1922 have a cooker/cooking stove? Danny recorded the earliest motor cars, bicycles, tractors etc. in Glenmore but did not record the earliest cooker/cooking stove or milk machine etc.
Please comment below and send any additional information or corrections to glenmore.history@gmail.com.
Dr. Kathleen Moore Walsh
Three Ancient Glenmore Churches
As our third instalment of Chapter 4, of volume 4 of Fr. Carrigan’s History & Antiquities of the Diocese of Ossory (1906) (p. 91-93) three ancient Glenmore Churches will be discussed including; Kilcoan (Weatherstown); Kilbride and Kilmakevoge (also called Kilivory). For all three of these ancient churches Carrigan provided not only the dimensions of the churches, important stones he found in the ruins and nearby Holy Wells. While reading the rest of this fascinating volume in the Mullinavat chapter we came across Big Wood Church which we have also included below because it was supported by nearby Glenmore people.
Kilcoan
“Irish speakers call it Kil-choo-ann, that is, the Church of St. Cuan (pronounced Coo-ann, accent on second syllable). Kilcoan church was a rectangle, 18 feet wide internally, and about 37 feet long, the walls being 2 ½ feet thick. The foundations alone now remain. From the amount of very large rough stones lying on and around the site, it must be concluded that the church was rudely built and was of great antiquity. A graveyard of about two acres is believed to have surrounded it in ancient times; but, at present, all appearances of a burial ground have been obliterated, and the site of the church itself is merely a small patch of unprotected commonage beside the public road. About 150 yards to the south, in the wall of a lane-way, is a great, rugged stone, with a basin-shaped artificial hollow, 12 inches in diameter and 3 inches in depth, cut on the surface” (Carrigan, p. 91).
“St. Cuan’s holy well, called Thubber-chooann, is about a quarter of a mile from the site of the church, in the townland of Flemingstown. Beside it is another holy well, enclosed by a wall and called Thubber-Wizzha (Tobar Muire), or the Blessed Virgin’s Well. Both wells are still frequented for devotional purposes by the people” (Carrigan, p. 91).
Previous to the Reformation the parish and church of Kilcoan belonged to the Priory of Inistioge, as appears from the Red Book of Ossory (Carrigan, p. 91)”
[According to Danny Dowling (1927-2021) the site of this ancient church was in the hamlet of Weathertown in a common at the side of the junction of two lanes. Danny recorded that he spoke with Larry Doyle (c. 1933-2021) of Weathertown regarding some stones Larry uncovered on or near the common in Weatherstown. Larry said that he was working for old “Billy Fitz” (Bill Fitzgerald, c. 1905-1983) of Weatherstown in the late 1960’s or early 1970’s. Larry was clearing an area and came across what appeared to be paving stones. From their description and the location Danny concluded that they may have been part of a floor or yard connected to the ancient church of Kilcoan.]
Kilbride
“In Irish, Kyle-vzheedha (Iold Irish Script that looks like, Cill Drugue) or St. Bridget’s Church. The Church was a rectangle, 43 feet long, internally, and 18 ½ feet wide; but the walls, which were 2 feet, 5 inches thick, are now all fallen to a height of one yard from the ground. The entrance door was in the north wall, near the west gable. The graveyard is very large, with portion of a deep fosse at the south-west end. At the east end of the church is an uninscribed head-stone chamfered on both sides, in front, and having carved on it, in relief, an ancient cross patee, [head] inscribed in a circle; it is now deeply sunk in the ground (Carrrigan, p. 91).
“The baptismal font lies in the fosse at the south-west end of the churchyard; it is square on the outside, and quite rough; the basin is 1 foot 7 inches by 1 foot 5 inches; and is 7 inches deep. A holy water stoup, near the west gable of the church, has a round bowl, like a basin, 11 inches in diameter, and 4 ½ inches deep. Another holy water stoup, much resembling this, was taken away out of the churchyard about 1878. A stone, or rather rock, weighing some tons, in the field under the churchyard, has a basin-shaped cavity on the surface, 1 foot in diameter and 6 inches in depth. Besides this rock is a well, supplied with water by a drain from a holy well about 30 or 40 perches distant, called, Thubbervzheedha or St. Bridget’s Well. The drain was made, and the holy well destroyed in the year 1842″ (Carrigan, p. 91).
Kilbride church and parish belonged to the Augustinian Canons of the Congregation of St. Victor, St. Catherine’s Priory, Waterford” (Carrigan, p. 91).
[For further photos of Kilbride ruins and graveyard taken in 2020 click here]
Kilmokevoge
“The church of Kilmokevoge was originally dedicated to St. Mochaevog, or Pulcherius, abbot and patron of Liath-Mochavog, in the Co. Tipperary; but, after the Norman Invasion, it was placed under the patronage of St. James the Apostle (July 25). In Irish it is called Kill—mo-chac-voogue, that is, the Church of St. Mochaemhog or Mochaevog. In English it is often called Kilivory, from a popular notion that mochaemhog means ivory; but this, writes O’Donovan, ‘is truly ridiculous and in every way incorrect’ (O’Donovan’s Ordinance Survey Letters)” (Carrigan, p. 92).
“Kilmokevoge church is rectangular, and, though long a ruin, is still substantially perfect. Internally it measures 42 feet by 18 12 feet. In the west gable, 12 or 14 feet from the ground, are two narrow loops, somewhat damaged and widely apart, each having at top a round arch cut out of a single stone. There is a door in the north side-wall, 3 feet wide below, but all the upper part of the framework is broken away. The wall here 3 feet 2 inches thick. There is a broken window in the same wall, near the east gable, and another window, also ruined, opposite this, in the south side wall. The east window is blocked up by a mural monument of the Stranges of Aylwardstown. There are corbels in the west end for the support of a gallery; and a broken locker in the north side wall, near the east end. Some very large stones may be observed here and there in the walls” (Carrigan, p. 92).
“The church is undoubtedly ancient, but, as its distinguishing features are either entirely destroyed or seriously injured, its age cannot be fixed. Most probably it is older than the middle of the 12th century. In the south east corner beside where the altar stood, rests the Very Rev. Dr. Lower, P.P., on whose monument may be read:
‘Erected by the Revd. Thos. Malley. Doctor of the
Sacred and White Facility of Bordeaux in memory
of the Rev. Stephen Lower, Bachelor of Lovain,
Doctor of Rome, Prothonotary Apostolic, Archdeacon &
Vicar General of Ossory & Parish Priest of Ida,
Who depd. This life the 9th of Janry, 1800, aged 73 years,
Requiescat in pace. Amen.’
Dr. Lower’s grave is hollowed out to a considerable depth by people taking away the clay therefrom, in the firm belief that it possesses virtue to heal their bodily ailments(Carrigan p. 93). Carrigan later in the volume describes Fr. Lower as “one of the grandest characters that figure in the ecclesiastical history of our Diocese. (Carrigan, p. 210).”
“The Strange monument, besides Dr. Lower’s, commemorates Peter Strange of Aylwardstown, who died Dec. 22nd, 1872, aged 67 years; his father Lawrence; his grandfather, Peter, who died at Aylwardstown, Sept. 1824, aged 89 years; and Thomas F. Strange, who was born, May 11th, 1812 and died Feb. 2nd 1897.”
“In the graveyard, at the end of the church, is an altar tomb marking the burial place of the Forrestalls of Rochestown; it has the family arms, and is inscribed to the memory of Mr. Edmund Forrestall, of Rochestown, who died in 1797, aged 45 years” (Carrigan, p. 93).
“A little to the north of the church is St. James holy well, called, in Irish, Thubber San Seeum, or Well of St. James. The church and parish of Kilmokevoge were appropriated by the Nunnery of Kilkilliheen, probably by David fitz Milo, about the year 1240” (Carrigan, p. 93).
[For further information on Fr. Lower, the saviour of Slieverue in 1798, see our post of 11 November 2020.]
[For photos and headstone inscriptions in Kilivory (Kilmakevoge) churchyard click here.]
Bigwood
“The present chapel of Bigwood was built in 1824, by the contributions of the people of the neighbouring townlands in the parishes of Mullinavat, Kilmacow, Slieverue and Glenmore; and to the present day the inhabitants of these same townlands, no matter to which of the four parishes they may belong, look on Bigwood chapel as their own, pay their share of its expenses, and contribute to all parochial collections held here. The old chapel of Bigwood, erected some time after 1787 and discontinued in 1824, stood at the extreme end of the present chapel yard” (Carrigan, p. 179).
[Since Carrigan’s work was published Bigwood has built a newer church in the 1960’s.]
Please send any corrections, further information or photos to glenmore.history@gmail.com.
Dr. Kathleen Moore Walsh
The Interesting Life of Hugh Mahon (1857-1931)
Below is an article written by John Dowling, Danny Dowling’s nephew, concerning the interesting life of Hugh Mahon (1857-1931). Hugh Mahon was the “special reporter” who interviewed the Widow Doolan, of Jamestown, Glenmore, on 8 August 1880 the day that Charles Boyd was murdered. After exposing various abuses perpetrated again the Widow Doolan, and the local men accused of the murder, Mahon also raised funds for their defence. Mahon later emigrated to Australia where he became a politician and to this date is the only MP to be expelled from the Australian Parliament.
For an account of the plight of the Widow Doolan (Bridget Dowling née Cody (1831-1916)) and the murder of Charles Boyd see our post of 7 November 2021 .
Hugh Mahon (1857-1931)
Hugh Mahon was born at Killurin, County Offaly, in 1857, the 13th of 14 children of James and Anna Mahon. At the time James Mahon farmed a sizeable holding in the barony of Geashill owned by Edward St. Vincent Digby. From 1856 onwards there was ever increasing tension between the new Baron Digby and his tenants. James Mahon was caught up in these tensions but increased his lands under rent from 114 acres to 264 acres by 1866. His son Patrick farmed approximately 68 of these acres.
The North American Years
For unknown reasons, James and Anna Mahon and eight of their children emigrated to America in 1869, leaving behind Patrick to continue farming.
The Mahon family arrived in New York in March 1869, but by October they were farming a 50 acre farm close to Toronto, Canada. They lasted less than 4 years in Canada when they moved to Albany, New York.
Albany, at that time, was a thriving rail connection attracting many emigrants looking for work. James Mahon purchased a house for $1900 in May 1873. However, the American dream continued to turn sour for the Mahon family as an economic panic struck America in 1873 with many railroad companies going bankrupt. Also, the construction of rail bridges across the Hudson River reduced rail activity in East Albany.
During this time Hugh Mahon started to learn the printing and newspaper trades, and eventually at the age of 20 started working for himself selling printing materials. However, he was not left with good memories. Later in life he commented in a letter about the long workhours, poor conditions and clients who refused to pay for services rendered.
It is not clear when the Mahon family left Albany but in 1878 their name disappeared from the Albany Directories, and the house they bought for $1900 in 1873 was sold in approximately 1880 for $1000.
Return to Ireland
By 1880, with James Mahon in his 73rd year, he and his wife were facing a very uncertain twilight to their lives. Their fate must also have been experienced by many other emigrants, but the Mahon’s had one option that was not available to others. They still had a son living and farming in Ireland, and at some stage between 1878 and 1880 they decided to return to Ireland with their son Hugh.
In 1880 Hugh Mahon ended up as editor and manager of the New Ross Standard and a reporter for the Wexford People. The owner of both newspapers, Edward Walsh, was an outspoken critic of the local landlords. Walsh served three prison terms for articles that were printed in his newspapers.
The Irish Land league was formed in 1879 and was initially led by Charles Stewart Parnell and Michael Davitt. Hugh Mahon became Assistant Secretary of the New Ross branch of the Land League. Mahon was forced to leave Ireland in late March 1882, but in the two years he spent in New Ross he was a considerable thorn in the side of local landlords.
Mahon Involvement in Boyd Murder Trial
Mahon became acquainted with Walter Phelan of Shanbogh in the summer of 1880. Walter made Mahon aware of the situation of the Widow Doolan (Bridget Dowling) of Jamestown, Glenmore. On the evening of the 7th August, Walter Phelan met with Hugh Mahon in his New Ross office and agreed to go with him the following day to meet the Widow Doolan. Hugh Mahon was interested in publishing her plight in his newspaper.
On the evening of the 8th of August after meeting the Widow Doolan, Charles Boyd, nephew of local landlord Thomas Boyd was shot, and died the morning of the 9th of August.
John and Walter Phelan were identified by Evans Boyd as two of the men in the attack. They were arrested, along with ten others, and remanded first to Rosbercon and then to Kilkenny.
Hugh Mahon organised a defence fund to help the two Phelan brothers, Walter and John, who were charged with the crime. He used his newspaper to criticise the police and prosecution authorities, whom he accused of intimidation and coercive practices. He was also an important witness at the trial, providing an alibi for Walter who accompanied him to visit the Widow Doolan on the day of the assassination. The trial of the Phelan brothers was delayed to June 1881 and moved to Dublin due to the tension in the area.
Various witnesses were also moved to Dublin. These included young girls who were working as servant girls in the area. They were taken against their families wishes and held in Dublin and attempts to coerce them in giving damning evidence against the Phelan brothers was carried out (reported by Mahon in The Wexford People, Oct. 16 1880, p. 6). The girls did not succumb to the Crown coercion, nor to the offer of money.
The two Phelan brothers were acquitted in June 1881, largely based on the alibi provided by Hugh Mahon and a lack of credible evidence.
Hugh Mahon was an instrumental figure in the defence of the Phelan brothers due to
- The report of the killing of Charles Boyd, “one of the most atrocious deeds of blood”, [i] which was published on the 11 August 1880 in the Wexford People, was accompanied, on the same page, by his report of the mistreatment of Evans Boyd towards the Widow Doolan and her orphaned family. The reporting of the Boyd killing throughout Ireland and Great Britain was nearly always accompanied by the reference of mistreatment of the Widow Doolan.
- The continual criticism of local landlords by Mahon in his newspaper reports and organised boycotts of local landlords, in particular Thomas Boyd
- The raising of £765 to cover the costs of legal defence
- Providing an alibi for Walter Phelan on the day of the murder, due to both being together to interview the Widow Doolan.
One can start to think how the accused would have fared without the agitation of Hugh Mahon and his fundraising efforts.
Mahon’s Involvement in New Ross Land League
Mahon used his printing skills to print and post boycott notices around the New Ross area. Thomas Boyd was one of the landlords targeted and in September 1881 Boyd wrote to the Under-Secretary of Ireland calling for Mahon to be arrested under the Protection of Person and Property Act. Mahon was eventually arrested on 27 October 1881 and imprisoned in Naas. Mahon was suffering from tuberculosis and the prison authorities were worried that his delicate health conditions could cause his premature death whilst in their custody. He was offered a release based on his commitment to leave Ireland to move to sunnier climes to help his health condition. Eventually in late March 1882 Mahon left Ireland. He eventually arrived in Melbourne on 22 May 1882.
Australian Journalist, Activist & Politician
Upon landing in Australia Mahon quickly resumed his Land League Activist role amongst the Australian Irish. In 1883 he accompanied William and John Redmond on their 10-month tour of Australia, where he organised many of their events.
However, after the Redmond’s left Australia Mahon quickly parted company with the Land League activities to concentrate on his own journalist career, and in supporting his new wife and family.
Gold was discovered in Western Australia in the early 1890´s. Mahon decided to move there to run a newspaper covering activities in the newly formed gold districts in 1895. Over the next 5 years he would run various newspapers providing news to the local miners, expose corruption in mining and government and actively support the miner’s interests. He ran for local government on various occasions but was only successful when the Australian colonies joined together in 1901 to form the Australian Commonwealth. He was elected as the representative for Coolgardie as the Labour Party´s candidate. Over the next twenty years he would serve as Minister on four occasions, including the Minister for External Affairs during the First World War.
Mahon became active again in Irish affairs and was an ardent support of the Irish Parliamentary Party and Home Rule, but his outlook was changed by the events of 1916. The aftermath of the 1916 Rising, and the executions of the leaders was a moment when “All Changed, Changed Utterly” with “A terrible beauty … born.”[ii]
Over the next few years Mahon moved from Home Ruler to Sinn Fein supporter, and by 1919 was president of the Irish-Ireland League of Victoria. When Terence MacSwiney, Sinn Fein Lord Mayor of Cork, died on 25 October 1920, after 74 days on hunger strike, Mahon attempted to have the Irish situation debated in Australian parliament but was refused. At a meeting on 7 November 1920 in Melbourne, Mahon attacked British policy in Ireland,
“Never in Russia under the worst [rule] of the Czars had there been such an infamous murder as that of the late Alderman McSwiney. They were told in the papers that Alderman McSwiney’s poor widow sobbed over his coffin. If there was a just God in heaven that sob would reach round the world, and one day would shake the foundations of this bloody and accursed Empire.”[iii]
Mahon´s outburst came just four days before the second anniversary of the end of the First World War. Australia was still mourning the deaths of approximately 60,000 of its sons and daughters, and its Empire loyal population was not willing to accept such criticism as expressed by Mahon.
The Prime Minister, Billy Fisher, was one seat short of a majority with Mahon´s Labour party in opposition. Seeing an opportunity to secure a government majority he moved a motion, which was successful, to expel Hugh Mahon from Parliament due to his “seditious and disloyal utterances at a public meeting”[iv] and being “guilty of conduct unfitting him to remain a member of this House.”[v]
Mahon failed to win back his seat in the subsequent by-election in December 1920. To this day he remains the only MP ever to have been expelled from the Australian Parliament.
Outside of politics he continued to run the Catholic Church Property Insurance Co. He died on 28 August 1931, eventually succumbing to the lung disease that had affected him during much of his life.
John Dowling
Further reading:
Jeff Kildea (2017) Hugh Mahon Patriot, Pressman, Politician: Vol. 1 The Years from 1857 to 1901, Anchor Books: Melbourne, Australia
H.J. Gibbney (1986) “Hugh Mahon (1957-1931)” in the Australian Dictionary of Biographies, vol. 10.
Frank Sweeney (ed) (2005) Hanging Crimes: When Ireland Used the Gallows, Mercier Press: Cork
[i] Wexford People, 11 Aug. 1880, p. 4
[ii] William Butler Yeats (1997) “Easter 1916” and Other Poems, Dover Publications
[iii] Jeff Kildea (2020) Hugh Mahon; Patriot, Pressman, Politician: Vol 2 The Years from 1901 to 1931, Anchor Books: Melbourne, Australia
[iv] Kildea (2020) supra n. iii
[v] Kildea (2020) supra n. iii
One Hundred Years Ago: September 1923
Today, we are featuring some news that appeared in local newspapers in September 1923.
1923 General Election
A general election was held on Monday the 27th of August 1923. This was the first general election held since the establishment of the Free State in December 1922 and it was held shortly after the end of the Civil War. Before radio the results were distributed by newspapers and the earliest reports of results in local newspapers occurred on the first of September.
Canvassing in Glenmore
On Sunday the 26th of August 8 meetings were held in the Southwest (sic) of Kilkenny County, President Cosgrave and Sean Gibbons, accompanied by Judge Cohalan and Senator P. De Loughry wound up their election campaign. Beginning at Callan (the native place of Mr. Shelly, principal anti-Treaty candidate, and regarded as an anti-Treaty stronghold) they received a great welcome…Earlier in the morning, Mr. Gibbons, Senator De Loughry and Mr. R. Purcell, organiser, addressed meetings after Masses in Glenmore, Tullogher and Tullahought (Kilkenny Moderator, Sat. 1 Sept. 1923, p. 8).
Danny Dowling (1927-2021) stated that politicians delivered speeches in Glenmore at the “stage” that was on the front of the storehouse next to the Village Stream. This storehouse was removed when the Sallies houses were built.
President Cosgrave, said that Ireland experienced the same sort of history that every country just coming into its own had experienced. There was no reason to be disheartened or despondent. “The people should remember that on one side in this election they had real sound evidence of solid work for the nation, and on the other side practically every act made for disorder and destruction and belittling the name of the country that gave them birth.”… “He compared the work of the opposition for the past year to that of Cromwell…” ”The list of destruction performed by these people for 12 months. Were it not for that we would not be spending seven million on an army and we would have wound up last year with something in hand instead of being on the wrong side” (Kilkenny Moderator, Sat. 1 Sept. 1923, p. 8).
Election Results
President Cosgrave had a triumphant return in Carlow/Kilkenny with 17,709 first preferences which was 11,015 more than the quota required. Election day passed off quietly in the Carlow-Kilkenny constituency. The ballot boxes were delivered to the various centres during Sunday night by the military. The boxes were collected on Monday night by the military and deposited in the Courthouse with a military guard. It was not until 11:30 p.m. on Tuesday night when the result of the first count was made known (Kilkenny Moderator, Sat 1 Sept. 1923, p. 6).
Cumann na nGaedheal 63 seats; Anti-Treaty 44 seats; Independents 17 seats; Farmers 15 seats; and Labour 14 seats.
Wexford Corp adopted a resolution calling on the Government, in the interest of peace, to release De Valera, Dr. Ryan, and give Bob Lambert his freedom to take up his duties as T.D. It was then added that the Government should release all the political prisoners (New Ross Standard, Fri. 7 Sept. 1923, p. 5).
Although local newspapers mentioned Ireland joining the League of Nations in September 1923, there was very little coverage of the event in the local newspapers. For further information see, RTE‘s recent coverage.
Civil Strife
Although the Civil War was officially over, many people continued to attack others or their property. Early on the 3rd of September an extensive fire occurred at the printing works of the Waterford News. The office, editorial department and paper stores were completely destroyed, but the machinery escaped fire damage. “Strenuous exertions” by the fire brigade stopped the spread of the fire to the machinery department although extensive water damage did occur to the machinery.
The damage was estimated at several thousand pounds and was not wholly covered by insurance. Edmund Downey, the managing editor had recently taken a “decided attitude in favour of the Republican candidate Mrs. Cathal Brughu” (Munster Express, Sat. 1 Sept. 1923, p. 4). A £17,000 claim was made by the Waterford News for the alleged malicious burning of their commercial and editorial offices (Munster Express, Sat. 8 Sept. 1923, p. 6)
A threshing set, the property of P. Galavan, The Rower, was burned. Galavan had presided at a meeting addressed by President Cosgrave in the run up to the general elections (Munster Express, Sat. 8 Sept. 1923, p. 6).
Industrial Strife
Still no signs of a settlement of the County Waterford farm labourers’ strike. The farmers were co-operating among themselves and harvesting proceeded without much interruption. Pigs continue to be shipped from Dunmore the last shipment was sent to Bristol. Most ports continued to be out of commission due to striking workers (Munster Express, Sat. 8 Sept. 1923, p. 5). It was estimated that about 3,000 men, directly or indirectly, were unemployed in Waterford due to the agricultural labourers’ strike in Eastern Waterford and the dockers’ strike in Waterford City (Munster Express, Sat. 22 Sept. 1923, p. 7).
Food Prices
According to the New Ross Standard, it was apparent to everyone that retail food prices in Ireland were unjustifiably high. The farmer knew that he did not get the full value of his produce; the consumer knew that he paid over the shop counter double or treble the price which was originally handed to the farmer (New Ross Standard, Fri. 7 Sept. 1923, p. 4).
Thomastown Fair
The monthly fair was held on the 4th of September and showed no improvement on previous fairs due to the continuing docker’s strike. The supply of cattle was small and few buyers attended. The business done was purely local and a small number of cattle changed hands. There was a large supply of sheep and the majority were sold at remunerative prices. There was also a large supply of young pigs with the greater number were taken home unsold (New Ross Standard, Fri. 7 Sept. 1923, p. 7).
Kilkenny Potatoes
In Co. Kilkenny early sown barley turned out good although the yield was under average due to poor weather. Most of the early and mid-early potatoes were dug and used. Prices in Dublin at the beginning of September were 9s. to 10s. per cwt. (112 lbs.) for British Queens and 8s. to 9s. per cwt for other types (Kilkenny Moderator, Sat. 15, Sept. 1923, p. 11).
Two Glenmore Firsts at Kilkenny Agricultural Society Show
At the annual Autumn Show of the Kilkenny Agricultural Society, held in St. James Park, Kilkenny there were a record number of entries. In class 73 for best 56 lbs. box of unsalted butter, Glenmore Co-operative Agricultural and Dairy Society, Ltd. of Glenmore tied for first with Castlecomer Co-op. In Class 80 for the best three sections of honey exhibited by a cottager in the County or City of Kilkenny, John Cody of Glenmore was first (Kilkenny People, Sat. 29 Sept. 1923, p. 5).
T.B. Cures in the News
T.B., or consumption as it was called in 1923, caused great suffering and pre-mature deaths. Consumption Cure—French scientists were investigating the claim of Rafael Santos, a 25 year old medical student at the University of Paris. Santos claimed to have discovered of an infallible cure for tuberculosis in 30 minutes. Santos constructed a set of lens instruments for introducing sunrays and ultra-violet rays into human lungs (Kilkenny Moderator, Sat. 1 Sept. 1923, p. 8).
At the same time another medical student was working on a T.B. cure. Waterford researcher, J.V. Walsh (son of John Walsh, The Mall, Waterford City) carried out research at Oxford under Professor Deyer. Walsh was awarded the resesearch scholarship of the British Medical Associations for his work on serological variability amongst micro-organisms. (Munster Express, Sat. 1 Sept. 1923, p. 5).
Some people appeared to be immune to the disease. For example, the Very Rev. John J. Roche. O.F.M., Wexford entered his 99th year in 1923. Born on 30 August 1825, Father Roche was reported to enjoy excellent health. He was uncle of Most Rev. Dr. Brownrigg, Bishop of Ossory, and had two bothers who were also priests in Wexford (Kilkenny Moderator, Sat. 8 Sept. 1923, p. 6). Per the death register, Fr. John James Roche died on 26 November 1924 at the Franciscan Convent, Wexford, just 9 months short of his 100th birthday.
Adverse Weather
A circus tent at Towyn, Mercionethshire, Wales, packed with nearly 2,000 people, partly collapsed during a violent gale. A number of people fought their way out by slashing the tent open with knives. Tents where three big elephants were kept were also blown down. The gale caused widespread havoc all over Great Britain (New Ross Standard, Fri. 7 Sept. 1923, p. 2).
New Ross Bridge
At the meeting of the New Ross Urban Council, John Hand, said that they paid a lot of money to the Wexford County Council, but the bridge at New Ross was in a disgraceful state. The upper portion was covered with rust and the underneath part was in a bad state. Others agreed and stated it was a pity that there was no New Ross representative on the County Council (New Ross Standard, Fri. 7 Sept. 1923, p. 3).
Glenmore Sports
On the last Sunday in August at Mullinavat, Glenmore scored an easy victory over Hugginstown in the second round of the South Kilkenny Junior hurling championship. The winners had a strong selection, and judging by their displays in their two games, The Munster Express said they should give a good account of themselves in the further round of the championship(Munster Express, Sat. 1 Sept. 1923, p. 5).
The Kilkenny Senior Hurling team beat Tipperary for the All Ireland Senior Hurling title. Local newspapers did not list any of the Kilkenny team members, so it is doubtful that any Glenmore players were on that team.
1923 Recipes
The Kilkenny Moderator printed a few “new” recipes in September 1923.
Tipsy Cake Recipe
Ingredients—
A stale sponge cake
½ pint of orange wine or sherry
1 pint custard
½ lb. of blanched sweet almonds
Method—Make holes in the sponge cake with a clean steel skewer. Pour the wine over it and leave it to soak till the wine is absorbed by the cake. Stick the almonds in the cake and then pour the custard over it and leave to set (Kilkenny Moderator, Sat. 1 Sept. 1923, p. 4).
Apple Snow Recipe
A Pretty Supper Dish—peel and core some apples and stew them gently until they are quite soft. Beat them lightly and place in a glass dish. Make a thick custard, using the yokes of two eggs to a pint of milk and pour it over the apple. Beat the whites to a stiff froth with a little fine sugar and arrange in a heap on top of the dish. A few crystallised cherries and strips of angelica can be added to adorn the sweet for festive occasions (Kilkenny Moderator, Sat. 8 Sept. 1923, p. 4).
Please send any corrections, additional information or photos to glenmore.history@gmail.com.
The featured photo above is from the Freeman’s Journal (Tues. Sept. 1923, p. 11) and was taken at the All Ireland Senior Hurling Championship game held in Croke Park between Kilkenny and Tipperary. Kilkenny won.
Dr. Kathleen Moore Walsh
