November, 2021

The following account or accounts was primarily obtained from the Wexford People newspaper of 11 August 1880. On 9 August 1880, a twenty-one year old newly qualified solicitor named Charles Boyd died from a gunshot wound he received the previous afternoon as he travelled in a horse drawn car with his father, brother and cousin to visit a farm near Glenmore. The father of the slain man was Thomas Boyd who immediately announced that the attack on his family was an agrarian outrage. He had purchased the lands of Shanbogh in about 1870, moved into Chilcomb House, in Rosbercon and raised the rents of some of the tenants. Thomas Boyd was approximately 60 years of age in 1880, a solicitor with a good practice in New Ross. He owned a considerable amount of property extending from his home almost two miles down the river. The newspaper reported that he was a Sessional Crown Solicitor for the county and was also Crown Prosecutor for County Tipperary.

Within a day or two of the shooting eight people, all from the area, were arrested for the murder of Charles Boyd, including siblings John, Michael and Anastatia Whelan; their cousins Walter Whelan and James Holden; and their brother-in-law Thomas Murphy. Two workmen Patrick Thompson and James Power were also arrested. The prisoners were remanded and conveyed to Kilkenny jail. In a future post we will examine the newspaper accounts of the murder itself and the murder trial, but today we would like to highlight the gossip that was freely reported in local as well as national newspapers concerning the attack being motivated by J.T. Evans Boyd’s maltreatment of the Widow Doolan known in Glenmore as Biddy Neddy. Biddy Neddy was a member of the Neddy Cody family of Ballycroney, Glenmore.

There is much confusion within the Wexford People (11 Aug. 1880, p. 5) with the Freeman’s Correspondent noting that there were all sorts of rumours as to the cause of the outrage, the most popular being that “Mr. Boyd had a dispute with a widow named Doolan.” The Freeman Correspondent then went on to directly link Thomas Boyd (the father) to the dispute with the WIdow Doolan. On the same page the Wexford People’s correspondent linked the dispute to J.T. Evans Boyd. James Murphy in his book Rosbercon Parish: A History in Song and Story (2000), covers the murder, but fails to make any mention of the Widow Doolan. It is alleged in the book that three men from TIpperary mistakenly killed Charles Boyd instead of his brother Evans who had molested in Tipperary one of their female relatives (p. 327). Unfortunately no references are provided, so the source of this allegation is not known.

Biddy Neddy became something of a local legend for refusing to abandon her farm in the face of a wealthy man, who was not her landlord, attempting to take over and push her out. Armed with a gun she fired shots over the heads of the herd he placed on her land and drove them from her farm (Bartley Holden interview 1974). When bailiff’s threatened to arrest her people from all over the parish turned out to support Biddy Neddy. These events took place just weeks before the first Glenmore meeting of the Land League and days before the murder of Charles Boyd. For information on the formation of the Land League and the Ballyfacey Eviction riots of 1885 see our previous post of 8 March 2020.

The following appeared in the Wexford People, on Wednesday the 11th August 1880 ( p. 5).

“The cause of the murder of Charles Boyd is said to be agrarian, although it has been freely hinted that there were other reasons for the attack. The following may, perhaps, throw some light upon the subject…”

Rumours reached New Ross on Saturday of an active dispute about land between Mr. J. T. Evans Boyd and a widow named Doolan, residing at Jamestown, about 3 miles from New Ross. “Wishing to ascertain the exact state of affairs” the Wexford People sent a “Special reporter” to the residence of Mrs. Doolan. Why was the newspaper interested, before the murder, concerning the dispute between Boyd and the Biddy Neddy? Boyd was not the landlord of Biddy Neddy’s holding in Jamestown. According to the newspaper, Boyd’s account was that 2 or 3 years previously the Widow Biddy Neddy Doolan found it difficult to pay her rent, and Boyd advanced the money. To cover the advance it was arranged that Boyd put some cattle on the Doolan farm to graze. Boyd alleged, according to the newspaper that a dispute arose as to amount to be paid for the grazing. Cattle that Boyd had put on the farm were driven out.

The reporter proceeded on Sunday morning, the 8^th of August, the day of the attack on the Boyd family, along the old road and noted that it was in a terrible dilapidated state. After he crossed a broken down bridge over a little stream which divided Shanbogh, the townland owned by Boyd, from Jamestown, and from the top of a hill gained a view of the comfortable looking homestead of the Widow Doolan, girthed by a profusion of poplars and sycamores. He followed the path to the house and found on closer inspection…”the place wore an aspect of listlessness almost bordering on despair…” Biddy Neddy Doolan was at Mass in Glenmore, so the reporter waited. When Biddy Neddy returned from Mass she provided information concerning her side of the dispute.

“The Rev. John Lymbery, of Fethard Castle, Countv Wexford, is my landlord, and Mr. Henry Mackesy, of Waterford, his agent. This farm was taken by my husband’s brother, Daniel Doolan, in the year of the bad times (1848 probably), and I have been living in it with my husband, Patrick Doolan, since the 8th day of July, 1856.” The couple were married on that day in Glenmore church. “His death occurred about 13 years ago. There were originally 65 acres in the farm, but about three years after my husband’s death I lost the eight acres in Ballycroney. I was £100 in arrears with my landlord shortly after my husband died, but the landlord allowed me to pay it back by annual instalments of £5 each, which was added to the yearly rent, making it £7O, instead of £65. A few years ago, Mr. Evans Boyd came to me and asked to buy some straw which I had for sale. He asked me what I was going to do now, and when I said that I did not know, remarked that it was a pity that I should lose such a fine property. He said it was a great shame that I should be robbed by those Yankees, (meaning a man who had married my daughter, and who had been in Australia for some time). Mr. Boyd then said he would stand by us. This was in February, 1879. In the latter end of that month Mr. Boyd went to the agent and paid half a year’s rent £32 10s, but he got full value for that in grass, as my landlord, the Rev. Mr. Lymbery, told me. He sent 84 sheep, 29 heifers and some cows to graze on the land, from May till October, and they remained there off and on; he changed them according as he desired. He then paid a full year’s rent for 1879. For this we paid himself with five acres of hay in July, five and-a-half acres of corn—barley and oats—of my own sowing, two sows with eight bonhams each… and a yearling heifer valued at £4, which he took to my disadvantage, as if the animal remained with me I would have got twice that amount for it.”

Biddy Neddy went on to state that Boyd, apparently not happy with the grazing and the animals he took also removed two ploughs and a harrow, which deprived Biddy Neddy of the ability to till her land. Additionally, two cars and the horse tackling were removed. Biddy Neddy stated, “for the loss of which I could not go to mass, fair or market… He would never give me any reason for taking them. My own horses helped along with his horses, to till the land—even to the drawing of the manure. He then wanted me to sell the horses off the land. I did not know it then but I know it now very well that the whole thing was managed to get me out of the place—and off to America or Zululand. He gave us flour and meal, but we earned it by our own labour on the land, and we were sometimes almost cases for doctor’s treatment before he would give it to us, so much so that only for the kindness of the neighbours in lending us meal, we would have starved.”  

“He said that Ireland, England, Scotland, Waterford or Dublin would not hold me, that I should go to America… He wanted to get rid of me altogether, but I would not go… He told [my daughter Brigid] on the 28th June that if myself, my son Daniel and my daughter Ellen went to America, he would get Bridget a situation in a friend’s house, and would at the end of two years, either give her up the farm or £100.”

“Last Friday week he sent up one of his workmen with the cattle. I told the man that he (Mr. Boyd) had plenty out of my place now, and that neither himself or his cattle would come in here again. …A man came next day. When I asked him for his authority he said he had none, but that he would put the cattle in there in spite of me. I drove the cattle out on Sunday morning, and sent my son and daughter with them. On Monday, Hammond, the bailiff, came for a settlement, and said he would seize on a cow of my own which I had here unless Mr. Boyd’s cattle were allowed to remain. I then asked him for his authority which he said he would get and that he would put me in jail… On Tuesday they brought in the cattle in spite of us and left bailiffs to watch them night and day, but although some men searched the place for them that night they could not be found. Mr. Evans came on Tuesday while I was in town, and asked my daughter Bridget what sort of d—n hum-bugging this was (refusing to allow the cattle in)… my daughter Bridget told him that the row was all because he wanted me to go to America…Then Hammond and four more bailiffs came on Thursday, and pretending to have authority, began to pull down the fence, and said the cattle would now go in. Bridget asked him to show his legal authority, and he said he would. He pulled a paper out of his pocket, but would not give it to her to read. She then asked him if he would give her a copy of it, but he excused himself by saying that he had no pencil and paper to write the copy, although she ran into a neighbouring house and got both pen and paper, he refused to give her a copy. There were a few of the neighbours present on this occasion, and they kept Hammond and the rest off the ground. When be saw he could not get in that day he told the people he would come next day with a lot more police, bailiffs, and the whole town of Ross, and get in in spite of us.”

“The very next day (Friday) sure the country side came to the place, armed with pitchforks, scythes, sticks, and other weapons, but the bailiffs did not put in an appearance, and have never meddled with me since.”  Biddy Neddy opined that Boyd got double if not treble the amount which he paid on her account. At the end of her “graphic narration” Biddy Neddy concluded that she would prefer to have her life down upon the threshold of her own homestead, than to accept any remuneration whatever, and be banished from her native country.

With the parish register we were able to verify that Patrick Dowling married Bridget Coady of Ballycroney at Glenmore on 7 July 1856. Bridget was baptized at Glenmore on 18 September 1831 at Ballycroney. Her parents were Edmund Cody and Mary Cody née Kirwan. Patrick Dowling and his wife Biddy Neddy had six known children: [1] Edmund Dowling, bapt. 19 April 1857; [2] Mary Dowling bapt. 8 Sept. 1858 bapt. (record lists her mother as Margaret Coady (sic); [3] Bridget Dowling, b. 6 January 1860; [4] Margaret Dowling, b. 2 September 1861; [5] Daniel Dowling, b. 21 Dec. 1862 and [6] Ellen Dowling, b. 9 February 1865.

Although Biddy Neddy stated that her husband Patrick Dowling died 13 years before her confrontation with Boyd over the grazing of her farm, no death certificate could be found for 1867 which is about the time public records began to be kept.

In terms of the Yankee who Evans Boyd referenced who married Biddy Neddy’s daughter, the Glenmore parish records reveal that Mary Dowling married Edward Mullally on 4 March 1878.. The Civil records reveal that Edward was a farmer and the son of Edward Mullally of Ballykenna. On 1 Feb. 1879 Edward Mullally and Mary Mullally, née Dowling had a son they named Edward Mullally who was baptized at Jamestown. No death records could be located for Edward or his wife, or any further children. It is believed that the couple with their young son emigrated as stated in the account of Biddy Neddy in the Wexford People.

Biddy Neddy died at the age of 85 on 17 April 1916 at her home in Jamestown that she refused to leave in 1880. Her son Daniel Dowling was present at her death. She was buried in Ballygurrim Graveyard. Her son, Daniel Dowling was the paternal grandfather of our founder Danny Dowling (1927-2021).

The feature photo is the gable end of the Ballygurrim Church ruins. The photo was taken in 2020.

Special thanks to Adam Cashin for correcting the confusion over the names of the Boyd men. [Updated and corrected 15 Nov. 2021]. Please send any further information or corrections to glenmore.history@gmail.com.

Dr. Kathleen Moore Walsh