The Glenmore Co-Operative Creamery (Est. 1905)
The Glenmore Co-operative Creamery was registered on the 18th of April 1905 under the Friendly Societies Act. This registration required the Creamery to submit its accounts yearly to a government auditor. The object of the society was to manufacture cream, butter, the sale of artificial manures, seeds, farm implements and all other occupations allied to agriculture.
A lengthy newspaper article appeared in the New Ross Standard of Friday the 12th of January 1906 (p. 5) extensively covering the first annual meeting of the Creamery of shareholders. The meeting was chaired by Rev. Thomas Phelan, P.P. of Glenmore. Over 100 shareholders were in attendance, the first annual report was delivered, the first year of operations was reviewed, future plans were discussed and a new board of management was elected.
To become a shareholder or member of the Glenmore Creamery famers were required to apply for admission. Applicants were required to purchase the number of shares equal to their number of cows. In 1905 the cost per share was set at £1 per cow, payable in instalments, as determined by the Committee. By resolution passed at the start of the creamery, members were required to pay on admission an instalment of 2s. 6d. each share, and a second instalment of 2s. 6d. payable in June 1906. Because the Glenmore Creamery was registered as a limited society, the liability of each member was limited to the sum unpaid on any share the member held. This was an important feature of the Glenmore Creamy; in the event of voluntary liquidation or on a winding-up order, a farmer shareholder was liable for nothing except any outstanding instalment on his shares. After just ten weeks of operation in 1905, all expenses were met, a good price was paid to the members for their milk, and £106 profit was achieved and used to reduce the bank debt.
The First Year
It was noted that the Glenmore Creamery was built on a large site, with an ample supply of spring and stream water, and was built on a plan which provided for extension. The stones were given free by Mr. Curran and on the 20th May 1905 the foundation stone was laid. On the 12th of September 1905 the building and equipment were complete, and on the 13th of September 1905 milk was received by the Glenmore Creamery for the first time. At the time of its opening the Glenmore Creamery was an auxiliary plant where milk was collected and sent via horse drawn wagons to the central creamery at Mullinavat. The Committee was from the outset of the view that the Glenmore Creamery should become a central plant. Therefore, when the Committee sought machinery they chose machinery for a central rather than auxiliary creamery. The required machinery was obtained from Burmeister and Wain.
The operation of the early auxiliary Glenmore Creamery was recorded in the first annual report and printed in the newspaper article. Milk was received by weight. Each morning a sample was taken and preserved, and twice in the month the sample was tested to determine the quantity of butter fat contained in each supplier’s milk. The test provided the number of pounds of butter fat in every hundred pounds of milk. The farmers were paid per pound of butter fat, and the payments were made at the end of the month. The Mulllinavat Central creamery churned the Glenmore cream. “To provide against injury to the character of the cream, or the dairy, the [Glenmore] manager … received strict orders to refuse milk offered in bad condition.” Shareholders who needed milk cans for the forthcoming season were asked to order them through the manager by the end of January 1906. Payment was accepted in cash or by instalments, with payment for the milk cans spread over the season. Any shareholder availing of the instalment payment scheme was charged 5 per cent interest.
Future Plans
In its first annual report in January 1906, the Glenmore Creamery Committee acknowledged that there was a desire to move the Glenmore Creamery from an auxiliary plant to a central plant where it would churn and produce its own butter. It was noted that …”sentiment is a very bad producer of butter fat and until the guarantee of 1,100 cows, has been completed, it would not be advisable to undertake the additional outlay of approximately £7OO needed for a central.”
In addition to moving to becoming a central creamery plant there were also plans for a co-operative store in which shareholders could purchase at “first cost” with a guarantee of genuineness artificial manures, oil and cotton cake, flax-seed for calf-feeding, seeds and other agricultural requirements. “Shareholders desirous of availing of the advantages of the cooperative prices” were asked to provide their orders to the manager without delay.
Election of New Committee
After the first annual report was presented Mr. John Mullaly moved, and Mr. Thomas Kelly seconded, the following six resolutions: “That the report and balance sheet be approved.” “That we thank the committee for their attention to the business and their satisfactory report.” “That as a mark of our confidence we re-elect the following: Patrick Walsh (Davidstown), P. Fitzgerald, J. Hartly, D. Doolan, W. Forristal, J. Reddy., James Kirwan (Gaulstown), R. Fitzgerald, John Curran (N.T. Glenmore).” “That we re-elect the Rev. T. Phelan, P.P.. hon, president, and Rev. W. Walsh. C.C.. vice-president.” “That we desire the committee to proceed with the erection of the central as soon as they are satisfied it will be for our benefit, and we call on all who purpose becoming members to pay their instalments at once.” “That we appeal to the county committee of agriculture to send an expert to give a series of practical demonstrations in the preventive methods of that dread scourge–contagious abortion in cattle—which has caused great loss in the district.” ” That the committee arrange for a veterinary surgeon to treat by special arrangement the cattle of the shareholders.”
Guest Speakers
Mr. Drew, secretary, committee of agriculture, stated that the Department had issued a leaflet which gave full information on the treatment of contagious abortion, and that any man of ordinary intelligence could successfully carry out the instructions. Any chemist could supply the articles needed at the cost of a couple of shillings. Farmers needed to put their heads together and stamp out the disease, otherwise the dairy industry would suffer. Mr. Drew also explained the various schemes for the improvement of livestock and pointed out the necessity and utility of getting good stock animals.
Mr. Thomas Ray, horticulturist with the county, appealed to the people to take up more fully the growing, of vegetables, fruit and flowers. He opined that every house should have a garden and in it a succession of vegetables. He stated that he would gladly give instruction and advice. Apple trees cost one shilling and gooseberries a few pence, so he hoped to receive large orders from the Glenmore district. He stated that during this season 4,000 fruit trees already had been planted in County Kilkenny.
Early Years
In October 1905 the Mullinavat Creamery wrote to the Glenmore Creamery stating that another auxiliary creamery was seeking for it to churn for them. Mullinavat asked Glenmore its intentions regarding becoming a central creamery. If Glenmore did not move to churning its own butter, Mullinavat needed to put in larger machines to meet the churning demands of both auxiliary creameries. If Mullinavat went to the expense of larger machines it would require a contract with Glenmore Creamery that would require the Glenmore Creamery to remain an auxiliary creamery for several years. The Glenmore Committee noted that there were 700 cows in the district and felt that if shareholders would guarantee an additional 500 cows Glenmore Creamery could become a central creamery (New Ross Standard, 20 October 1905). Rather than be tied to Mullinavat the farmers of Glenmore guaranteed the needed 500 cows and Glenmore Creamery became a central creamery.
The early newspaper accounts do not provide any information concerning the first creamery manager, Mr. James O’Donovan. According to Danny he had a difficult job particularly in the early years as he was responsible for detecting and rejecting milk that was sour or would in anyway cause problems with the production of butter. Wild garlic was soon eradicated across the district because if eaten by cows it made their milk offensive and the milk would be rejected at the creamery. Nicholas Forristal, of the Mill, Graiguenakill, Glenmore explained to Danny that in the early years of the Creamery most householders in Glenmore kept a goat or two. Some farmers mixed goat’s milk in with the cow’s milk and this caused the butter to be streaky because goat’s butter is very white. When James O’Donovan became aware of the milk being adulterated with goat’s milk he ordered that the Creamery would not accept milk from farmers who kept goats.
In addition to dealing with the farmers the manager also had to manage the creamery staff. On 16 May 1908 it was reported that he rendered every assistance, including sending for Fr. Crotty and Dr. O’Dwyer, when an unnamed dairy maid suffered the loss of a finger while working at the Creamery. “It was miraculous she escaped so well.” (Wicklow People, 16 May 1908). [Update: Maria Cleary was the dairy maid that had her fingers crushed in machinery. She was taken to workhouse infirmary where one finger was removed. (Waterford & Tramore Visitor, 28 May 1908)] In our next article we will highlight a Glenmore Creamery employee who was killed while working in 1931.
From its humble auxiliary beginnings, within four years of the Glenmore Creamery being established it was reported in January 1909 that Glenmore butter had “topped the London Market” (New Ross Standard, 22 January 1909).
Special thanks to Jacqueline Walsh for the old photo of the Glenmore Creamery.
Dr. Kathleen Moore Walsh
[Update providing the name of the injured dairymaid was completed on 21 June 2020.]
[Correction made on 14 August 2021–the newspaper of 12 Jan. 1906 recorded that the laying of the cornerstone took place in May 1905 rather than March 1905.]
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