1920’s
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One Hundred Years Ago: July 1923
By July 1923 the Irish Civil War was over and local newspapers adopted an attitude of getting back to “normal.” With fewer atrocities to report articles concerning the issues plaguing the fledgling Free State Government often took centre stage with human interest stories appearing as filler. The coverage of crime was often related to land issues or was of a more petty nature. Today, we feature articles that appeared in local newspapers that Glenmore people would have read and discussed one hundred years ago.
Issues Facing the Free State Government
The unresolved issues that plagued the fledgling Free State Government included housing, the land question, industrial strife and what to do with the Civil War prisoners.
Housing
With respect to the housing issue, the New Ross Standard (Fri. 13 July 1923, p. 3) suggested a solution that had just been adopted in France. The newspaper claimed that its readers had expressed agreement with proposed French legislation that they believed could tackle the Irish housing crisis. Under the French initiative owners of vacant houses were compelled to keep authorities notified when their houses were vacant. The Mayor of every town received the power to requisition the vacant houses and let them at normal rents, thereby preventing houses from being unreasonably withheld from the public.
The Verdicts in the Shanbogh Land Cases
The thorny issue of how to recognise the right to private ownership of land and at the same time recognise the rights of tenants resulted in several high-profile cases. One of these cases that garnered national attention was the Shanbogh Land case. The verdicts in the Shanbogh Land case were published in July 1923.
Grace v. Holden et al
As we highlighted in our post of 24 July 2023, Edward Grace, of Forristalstown, Glenmore sued and sought injunctive relief in the High Court against James Holden and men who helped Holden dispossess Grace from land Grace was renting as a statutory tenant from the Boyd family.
Background
James Holden had been a tenant of about 60 acres and a dwellinghouse in 1880 on land in Shanbogh on the Boyd Estate when he was evicted. In 1920 about 24 acres of his evicted holding was allotted to Grace as well as the house where he originally lived.
Mr. Colfer, the solicitor for the Boyd Estate, testified that Holden was a poor man and had been living in the workhouse. Holden agreed to take the £500 offered in full satisfaction of all his claims, if any, against the lands of Shanbogh, and “the acquisition of the tenants interest in the lands by Edward Grace had his absolute approval.” Holden was quoted as saying,” I thought I would never get anything out of Shanbogh.” However, after agreeing to the £500 payment Holden in 1922 entered the lands with others and threw Grace out.
James Holden, was noted as being an old age pensioner; co-defendant Patrick McDonald was employed as a labourer and the other two co-defendants, Daniel Doolan and James Whelan were both farmers.
Grace v. Holden et al Verdict
The Master of the Rolls said that there could only be one result. He entered an injunction enjoining the four defendants from interfering with the statutory tenant Grace or the use of his land and also entered judgment against all four of the defendants.
Defendants Whelan and Doolan both undertook not to interfere with the plaintiff’s holding in future. Damages were found to be £340. Holden was said to be deaf, but McDonald expressed that he would not quit the land. McDonald affirmed to the Court he understood that he would be violating the injunction.
Other Shanbogh Verdicts
Other plaintiffs, and statutory tenants, in similar cases were also heard. Margaret Forrestal was awarded £100 against James Holden, Patrick McDonald and James Sullivan.
Patrick Forrestal was awarded £80 against James Holden, Patrick McDonald, Thomas Shea, James Whelan and Daniel Doolan, Sr.
Philip Malone was awarded £180 against James Holden, Patrick McDonald, James Whelan, Nicholas Forrestal, Thomas Shea, and Thomas Greene.
In the only case not involving James Holden and his nephew Patrick McDonald, John Aylward was awarded £100 against Daniel Doolan, Sr., Edward Doolan, Sr., Edward Doolan , Jr.; Daniel Doolan, Jr.; and Patrick Doolan (New Ross Standard, Fri. 6 July 1923, p. 6).
Daniel Doolan, Sr. and Edward Doolan, Sr. were brothers and the other Doolan defendants were sons of Edward Doolan, Sr. (Munster Express, Sat. 7 July 1923, p. 6)
Defiant Defendant James Holden
Notwithstanding the damages awarded against him and the injunction it was reported in the New Ross Standard (Fri. 27 July 1923, p. 8) that a process server accompanied by the military went to the house where James Holden was living in violation of the injunction issued by the High Court. Holden was served with an unspecified notice in late July.
For information on the “Eviction of James Holden” see, Danny Dowling’s (1927-2021) article published in Decies: The Journal of the Waterford Archaelogical and Historical Society (1976, vol. 2 p. 24).
Industrial Strife
In the Waterford area the strike involving the farm labourers was not resolved. Transport workers supported the strikers. This had a knock-on effect on local industries that relied on agricultural produce such as mills, creameries, town markets and the bacon cellars of Waterford city.
“Owing to the trouble at the ports there has not been a pig market held at Thomastown for the past fortnight. Many pig feeders have had their pigs ready for market, but they are unable to dispose of them” (New Ross Standard, Fri. 20 July 1923, p. 5). Denny’s announced that “owing to traffic difficulties it was unable to receive pigs for slaughter until further notice” (Munster Express, Sat. 14 July 1923, p. 5).
Baton Charge
On Friday the 13th and Saturday the 14th the Civic Guards drew their batons and charged a large crowd at the Yellow Road, Waterford City. Early on Friday a large number of pigs belonging to farmers in Kilmeaden were brought to Waterford and stored in J.J. Phelan’s auction paddocks.
Labour pickets took up position outside the premises to prevent the sale of the pigs. A large crowd gathered and expressed sympathy for the labourers. At 11 p.m. as the crowd continued to grow and become hostile they were ordered to go home. When they failed to move on the guards with drawn batons charged the crowd. A stampede followed. The charge lasted about 10 minutes afterwards the street was completely cleared. No person was injured.
There was a continuance of the trouble on Saturday night, however this time “it assumed the dimensions of a riot on a small scale.” The charge on Saturday night lasted 20 minutes and again the streets were cleared. “The pigs were later removed from the paddocks to the country under military escort” (Munster Express, Sat. 21 July 1923, p. 4).
Civil War Prisoners
Excitement was caused in Clonmel on the 14th when 41 prisoners escaped via a tunnel from the Emmet Barracks. The alarm was raised and 7 prisoners were captured in the yard next to the barracks (Munster Express, Sat. 21 July 1923, p. 4). Searches immediately commenced for the other escapees.
On Sunday the 22nd in the evening a public demonstration was held in the Tholsel Square, New Ross demanding the release of the Republican prisoners. There was a large attendance of people. The New Ross O’Hanrahan Pipers Band attended and played a selection of national airs (New Ross Standard, Fri. 27 July 1923, p. 4)
Glenmore in the News
The military posts at Newbawn and at Aylwardstown (Glenmore railway station) were abolished, and it was announced that Civic Guard stations were to be established at the Rower, Glenmore and Slieverue (New Ross Standard, Fri. 6 July 1923, p. 7). See our post of 26 September 2021 for further details on the Glenmore Garda station.
A Glenmore Motor Mystery
On or about the 10th of July, “some boat men on their way from Waterford” saw a Ford motor car in the Barrow river at Glenmore. The newspapers stated that it was a suggestion for a super-film thriller. It stood on its wheels on the mud on the Kilkenny side of the river at Blackrock, at the end of Carney bay (sic) on the middle reaches of the Barrow, about 8 ½ miles from New Ross.
“At low water it is high and dry, but at full tide it is completely covered. The nearest road running from Glenmore station to Rochestown point and thence to Ringville is two or three hundred yards distant, and behind the point where the car stands the Kilkenny bank rises to a considerable height straight up from the river and is thickly planted.”
“How the car reached its present position is a mystery. There are no marks on the bank, and the possibility of its having floated there from another point is negatived by the fact that its weight would be in the neighbourhood of 15 cwt” (Munster Express, Sat. 21 July 1923, p. 4; Free Press (Wexford) Sat. 14 July 1923, p. 8). Unfortunately, we could not locate any further information on this mystery.
Glenmore Defendants Summoned
Three different Glenmore men were summoned to the New Ross District Court for having unlicensed dogs.
Guard John O’Mahony summoned Peter Fitzgerald of Killvory, Glenmore for keeping two unlicensed dogs. Fitzgerald did not appear. The Guard testified that Fitzgerald told him that he only got the dogs recently and did not know the time for taking out the license. District Court Judge Fahy replied, “The public had ample notice that the licences should be taken out before 31st March, and it was now the middle of July.” He fined Fitzgerald £1 and costs and ordered Fitzgerald to take out a license.
Guard Michael Hunt summoned Patrick Forrestal, Ballyverneen, Glenmore, for a similar offence. Forrestal said he only had the dogs two months and always took out licences. The Judge fined Forrestal 5s. and costs and ordered him to take out licences. He ended the hearing by stating, “The fine would be heavier if you did not appear” (Free Press (Wexford), Sat,.14 July 1923, p. 5).
Guard Michael Hunt also summoned Michael Fitzgerald, Glenmore for having two unlicensed dogs. In this unusual case the defendant reported himself to the Guard. The defendant explained that he could not get the forms in the post office on the 13th of April. He was not fined, but ordered to take out a license (New Ross Standard, Fri. 13 July 1923, p. 7).
Glenmore Winner at Waterford Feis
At the Waterford Feis held at the Presentation grounds on Sunday the first of July, Sean Murphy, of Glenmore took first in the Senior Hornpipe (Munster Express, Sat. 7 July 1923, p. 3).
Glenmore Sports
Not only was there an increase in sporting and other events special excursion trains were again running. The Dublin and South Eastern Railway provided a special excursion train for the Waterford Athletic & Cycling Sports held on Sunday the 15th of July. The train was scheduled to leave New Ross at noon with a ticket costing 2s.6d. and departing Glenmore at 12:11 p.m. with a fare of 1s. The train was scheduled to arrive in Waterford at 12:30 p.m. The return train to leave Waterford at 8 p.m. (Free Press (Wexford) Sat. 14 July 1923, p. 4).
The New Ross Standard (Fri. 6 July 1923, p. 7) announced that the senior Kilkenny football team–that was to play Meath in Croke Park on the 8th in the Leinster championship semi- final– a dozen of the team hailed from Glenmore. This match will be covered in our next post.
“A crowd numbering some hundreds witnessed an interesting football contest” on Monday the 2nd of July between junior teams representing Haggard and Glenmore South. “For junior teams it was a fine display in football. Haggard won by 1 goal, 5 point to 1 goal, 3 points. A return match is anticipated” (New Ross Standard, Fri. 6 July 1923, p. 7).
On Sunday the 22nd of July at Belmont, Ferrybank, Glenmore and Slieverue met in the first round of the Kilkenny Co. Junior Hurling Championship. Both teams were old rivals. Also, a friendly football match was played between Glenmore and Gracedieu (Munster Express, Sat. 21 July 1923, p. 5). Glenmore defeated Slieverue in the first round of the Kilkenny junior hurling championship on the score of 7-3 to 1-0.
Farming & Fishing
At the end of June new potatoes were offered for sale in New Ross. The first supply sold at 3d, per pound (New Ross Standard, Fri. 6 July 1923, p. 7). Following the change in the weather there was a brisk demand for cabbage plants at the New Ross fair with prices ranging from 7s. to 9s. per thousand seedings (New Ross Standard, Fri. 13 July 1923, p. 8).
A farmer was killed near Waterford through falling off a load of hay (New Ross Standard, Fri. 27 July 1923, p. 8). According to the Munster Express (Sat. 28 July 1923, p. 4) the farmer was John Hurley (60), of Ballyduff Lower. He was “carting hay from a field to his haggard, fell from the top of the haystack, and was killed.”
A trout weighing 4.5 lbs. was caught with a rod and fly in the Barrow, at Ballyogan, by a Ross man (New Ross Standard, Fri. 13 July 1923, p. 8).
“The Barrow was becoming famous as the hunting ground for strange creatures.” In July 1923, a porpoise was caught at St. Mullins, and further north a huge pike. A seal which one man swore was as big as a young calf, was also observed in the river. Eels reputed to be as thick as a man’s wrist were also landed. “If many more of the denizens of the ocean come up, the question of starting a zoo can be considered” (New Ross Standard, Fri. 27 July 1923, p. 4).
Love Was in the Air
The New Ross Standard noted that there was a boom in marriages with the end of the Civil War. In the month of June there were 60 weddings in New Ross and three in the adjoining parishes (New Ross Standard, Fri. 6 July 1923, p. 7).
At the meeting of the Thomastown District Council, an old man named Paddy Kiely, of Ballyhale, appeared before the meeting and made an application to be allowed to select a wife from the inmates of the County Home. The application caused much amusement, and Messrs McDonald and Wasterman were appointed to accompany Kiely through the house.
Eventually Paddy selected a woman named Jane Loughlin, and on being asked if she would consent, Jane asked to be allowed a month to consider. To this Paddy agreed, and promised to attend the next meeting (New Ross Standard, Fri. 20 July 1923, p. 5). No record could be located for a marriage between Paddy and Jane.
Miscellaneous Items
French photographers were “up in arms” against the French Tennis association, which prohibited cameras on the tennis courts because the female players revealed their legs. It was suggested by the photographers that the female players should be required to wear petticoats. The “lady players unanimously rejected” petticoats on the grounds that the garments would impede their game (Kilkenny People, Sat. 21 July 1923, p. 6).
Calls were made for the enforcement of the Vaccination Act. A smallpox outbreak occurred in England, and there was a great danger of it spreading in Ireland (New Ross Standard, Fri. 20 July 1923, p. 6).
It was announced that the weekly Ireland’s Own reduced its price to 2d. per copy (Munster Express, Sat. 7 July 1923, p. 6).
Dr. Kathleen Moore Walsh
Please send any corrections or additional information to glenmore.history@gmail.com.