Whether you are climbing your family tree or interested in social history, local place names or folklore we welcome you to Glenmore-History.com and hope that you enjoy your visit.
L A T E S T P O S T S
The Culliton Brothers of Niagara Falls, N.Y. & Natives of Kilbride, Glenmore
-
Lecture: “100 Years of Ireland’s National Police Force, 1925-2025”
-
Jim B. (1918-1988) of Glenmore Village [Updated]
-
Thatched Houses in Glenmore at the End of WWII [Updated]
-
1798: “The Rebels Are Gone to Glenmore”
-
The Glen Bar Fire 1987
-
Dominic Fitzgerald of Rathinure, Glenmore, Part II
-
From Danny’s Files: Rose Strange (1847-1935) of Aylwardstown, Glenmore
-
Dominic Fitzgerald of Rathinure, Glenmore, Part I
-
Early Glenmore Death Records
An Old Anglo-Norman Glenmore Family: The Forrestalls
Today, our second installment of part of Chapter 4, Vol. 4 of Carrigan’s History & Antiquities of the Diocese of Ossory (1906) (p. 89-91) is presented below and features the four main branches of the Glenmore Forrestall families. The spelling of the surname varied as much a the spellings of Glenmore townlands and areas. Any editorial commentary has been placed in square brackets [ ].
The Forrestalls
“The Forrestalls, an Anglo-Norman stock were landed proprietors in Glenmore parish from an early date. They were divided into four main branches or families, one of which was seated at Forrestallstown; another at Kilbride; a third at Carrickcloney, and the fourth at Mullinahone. John Forstall M’Walter of Forristalstown, gent” had a pardon 5th June 1566. Walter and Gibbon Forstall, of the same place, gents, were pardoned, the former in 1571 and the latter in 1572. By Inquisition of 5 April 1658, it was found that Gibbon Forstall, late of Forstallstowne, was seised of Forstallstown, Ballymolgorme and Ballycroney; he died so seised thirty years before; and that his son and heir Walter Forstall, was at the time of full age and married.”
Forrestall’s Town
“By another inquisition of 12 October 1640, it was found that Walter Forstall, late of Forstall’s towne, was seised of the castle, town and lands of Forstall’s town, otherwise Ballynkenny, Ballymvegarran (Ballygurrin), Ballyheamocke, (now called Jamestown, still called in Irish Boilia-hee-omúch—the town of Séumoc or little James), Newfoer and Ballycroney, otherwise Rusheldstown; that he died 1st March 1639-40, and that his son James was then full of age and married. Under the Cromwellian regime, James Forstall, with Thomas Den, forfeited Forrestallstown, Milltown and Ballygurrim, and was transplanted to Connaght. The castle of Forrestallstown was “thrown down about the year 1800.”
“In Irish Forrestall is pronounced Furristhawl and Forrestallstown is called Bollinurristhawla.”
Kilbride, Glenmore
“Kilbride—Redmund more Forstall, of Kilbride, was pardoned Dec. 28th, 1571. Walter Forstall, of Kilbride, gent., pardoned in 1602 and 1603, was Constable of the Barony of Ida, in 1608. Edmund Forstall, of Kilbrydy, gent., was one of the jurymen at an Inquisitioin held Aug. 18th, 1623. Richard Forstall, of Kilbride, gent., and Katherine, wife of Redmond Forstall, of Kilbride, gent., are mentioned by one John Kearney as taking part in the alleged plundering of the Protestants, at the beginning of the Outbreak of 1641. Redmund Forstall, of Kilbride, gent. Appears as a juror in 1636; he forfeited Kilbride in 1653, and, with Walter Forstall, of Kilbride, was transplanted to Connaught the same year.”
Carrickloney, Glenmore
“Carrickloney—Edmund Forstall m’Thomas m’ Redmund of Karrcknelonyne, horseman, was pardoned iin 1548-9, and Walter Forstal fitz Edmund, of the same place, horseman, probably his son, was pardoned in 1566. Richard Forstall, of the same place, was Constable of the Barony of Ida, in 1608, and received a pardon in 1612. In 1639 Thomas Forstall gent., had a grant, under the Commission of Grace, of the townlands of Carrigneglonyne, Kilmakevoe and Knockbrack and ½ of Ballynerahie. Peter Forstall forfeited Carricknegloning, Kilmackvoge, Knockbrack and Rathsallagh, in 1653, but his name does not appear on the list of the transplanted.”
“The castle of Carrickloney was taken down in the memory of the people still living.” [See our post of 8 July 2021. One room of Carrigcloney Castle still stands complete with a vaulted ceiling.]
“In Irish Carrickloney is called Corrig-na-glooin-eeny, the rock of the little lawns, meadows, or insulated bog islands.” (Referenced O’Donovan).
Mullinahone, Glenmore
“Mullinahone—Walter Forstall of Monhowen, gent., had a pardon, in 1571-2, Richard Forstall, of Monynehoen, Gent, appears as a juror, Sept. 22nd, 1636. In 1653, Edmund Forstall forfeited Munmonewhone, Jamestown, Parkstown, and Ballybraghy. He is, very probably, the ‘Edmund Forstall, of Monyhoare,’ who was banished beyond the Shannan in the same year, and who was assigned lands in the Barony of Island, in the Co. Clare, amounting to 392 stat. acres, which after his death, were confirmed to his son, ‘Peter Forstall, gent., son of Edmund Forstall, deceased,’ by a royal grant of June 26th, 1677.”
“Mullinahone castle shared the fate of the other Forrestall castles, having been razed to the ground many years ago. Its site is pointed out in Mr. Richard Phelan’s ‘castle field,’ a few fields west of Glenmore chapel.” [Per Danny’s son, Pat Dowling, the stone head in Danny’s collection was found in the castle field of Mullinahone.]
“In Irish, Mullinahone is called Mullanahooan. This, too, is the local Irish for Mullinahone, in the Co. Tipperary. In both cases we have an instance of the corruption, or substitution, of the liquid ‘l’ for the liquid ‘n’—a very usual occurrence in the spoken Irish. The correct Irish sound of Mullinahone is Munnanahooan, the shrubbery of the lamb.”
Rochestown, Glenmore
“The Forrestalls of Rochestown, lately extinct, are traced by O’Donovan, in a pedigree to be quoted before the end of this Chapter, to a Captain Edmund Duff Forrestall, who fought at Limerick, in 1690, and who most probably belonged to the Mullinahone or Carrickloney branch of the family. The Forrestall name is still well represented in this parish.” [The photo to the right is the Forrestal Coat of arms on the family vault in Kilivory Church Yard, Glenmore. For further information concerning this coat of arms see the Kilivory section at the end of our headstone page.]
O’Donovan’s Letter (1839)
On pages 98-100 Carrigan inserted the entire letter O’Donovan wrote on 30 September 1839 concerning the parish of Kilcollumb [today Kilcollumb is divided between Slieverue and Glenmore]. The following extract from the letter concerns the Forstall Family of Rochestown.
“That part of Rochestown on which Lady Esmond’s house stands is now called Ringville, but in the title deeds ‘the Ring of Rochestown,’ It was purchased by Mr. Devereux, the uncle of Lady Esmond, from the father of Pierce Edmond Forstal Esqr.”
“The family of Forstal have been a long time located in the county of Kilkenny, but I have no historical account of them. The tradition among themselves is that they came to Ireland with the Earl Strongbow, and were located in the counties of Clare and Kilkenny. Pierce Edmond Forstal of Rochestown, Esqr., has a piece of copper with the arms of the family and the following inscription engraved on it :
Insignia veteris familiae Fosterorum alias Forstallorum comitatus Kilkenniensis in Regno Hibemiae, authentice et ex officio exiradita Dublinii, ultimo die Novembris 1674, anno Regni Caroli Secundi Regis vigesimo secundo, per Richardum St. George Ulster Regem Armorum.
[Translation: The coat of arms of the ancient family of Foster, alias Forstall, of the county of Kilkenny, in the Kingdom of Ireland, authentically and ex officio struck at Dublin, on the last day of November, 1674, in the twenty-second year of the reign of Charles the Second, by Richard St. George Ulster King of Arms.]
” Three pheons in sable, a helmett on the wreath, greyhound’s head, coop argent, collar and chain.”
XXXXXXX
To view some local medieval inscriptions see, Fearghus Ó Fearghail, Old Kilkenny Review (1996) “Some Ossory Medieval Inscriptions Revisited,” p. 94-105. The featured photo above is the ancient Celtic Cross of Dunnamaggan, Co. Kilkenny (Carrigan, v. 4., p. 36). For further information see the Kilkenny Graveyards blog (post 3 July 2016).
Please send any corrections, further information or photos to glenmore.history@gmail.com.
Dr. Kathleen Moore Walsh
A Photo of JFK’s 1963 New Ross Visit
On 19 March 2023 we published a post concerning the Gahan family of Newtown, Glenmore and featured Peter Gahan (1888-1958) who left Glenmore to work in New Ross. Eventually, Peter Gahan established two businesses in New Ross, married and raised a family. This week we received an email from Peter Gahan’s grandson, who is also named Peter Gahan. Peter corrected a few errors in our original post and forwarded the iconic photo that hung in the Gahan pub on Priory Steet, New Ross. Here is a link to the updated original post of 19 March 2023.
The Iconic Photo
There were a lot of photos taken of President John F. Kennedy (1919-1963) in New Ross during his 1963 visit. The photo forwarded by Peter depicts the easily recognisable JFK standing in his car. Over his right shoulder, looking down on the presidential motorcade from her premises on Priory St., New Ross, is Peter’s grandmother, Mary Teresa “Tess” Gahan née Sheehy (c. 1887-1963). We were unable to find the photo in the New Ross Standard. However, we know that JFK visited New Ross on 27 June 1963.
The Presidential Schedule
Sixty years ago, the presidential schedule was published prior to his visit to Ireland. Per the Irish Independent (Thur. 17 June 1963, p. 16) the presidential schedule for New Ross was:
9:30 Meets the Taoiseah (Dublin)
10:30 Departs by helicopter for New Ross
11:15 Arrives O’Kennedy Park, New Ross. Leaves Park by Car for New Ross Quay.
11:30 Addresses crowd at New Ross Quay. [For a 3 minute audio of JFK’s remarks courtesy of the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum click here.
12:00 Leaves by car for Dunganstown (For further information & photos of JFK’s visit to his ancestoral home visit the Kennedy Homestead site).
12:15 Arrives Dunganstown for visit to house of great-grandfather and meeting with cousins.
Time & Place of Photo
President Kennedy was 15 minutes late in arriving at the GAA’s O’Kennedy Park, New Ross. On the pitch was painted the word FAILTE (welcome) in 20 foot white letters. The President travelled in “his own special car through the gaily decorated streets” of New Ross. After addressing the crowds on the Quay, President Kennedy upset his schedule further by walking around and speaking with people in the large crowd. (New Ross Standard, Fri. 28 June 1963, p. 10).
Thus, given the presidential schedule, the location of the various places referenced and the roads of that time, we know that the presidential motorcade left the New Ross Quay sometime after noon on the 27th of June 1963 and proceeded down Priory St. toward Dunganstown. The photo was taken as the motorcade passed Gahan’s pub on Priory St.
Deaths
Tragically, JFK was assassinated in Dallas, Texas on 22 November 1963. Less than a month later, on 16 December 1963, the lady photographed over his right shoulder, Mary Teresa “Tess” Gahan, also died tragically in a fire on Priory St., New Ross.
XXXXX
Special thanks to Peter Gahan for sending on the photograph and correcting the original post.
Does anyone know the identity of the child and woman photographed in the window above JFK’s left shoulder?
Please send any corrections, additional information or photos to glenmore.history@gmail.com.
Dr. Kathleen Moore Walsh
Scartnamore, Glenmore (1961)
Today, we are going to feature information Danny Dowling (1927-2021) recorded regarding the residents of the townland of Scartnamore, Glenmore, in 1961. This townland has been spelled multiple ways over the past two centuries.
Background
The Irish for this townland, according to O’Kelly’s, The Place Names of the County of Kilkenny Ireland (1969, p. 114) is “Scairtnamoe, Scairt na mbo, the cows thicket. Area 76 acres. Fields are the long cas, a quagmire; Leamhog(O), and Muine gharbh, a rough brake.”
Tithe Applotment Books 1829
In the Tithe Applotment Books the townland is spelled Scartnamo. The owner of the townland was David O’Neil Power, Esq. See our post of 22 December 2022 for further details on this prominent 19th century Glenmore landlord. There were two occupiers who were tenants of 72 statute acres, namely; Patrick Rochford and Michael Kerwin.
Griffith’s Valuation, 1847-1869
Griffith’s Valuation in Co. Kilkenny was completed on 8 July 1853. At that time David O’Neill Power was still the landlord of the townland of Scartnamore, Glenmore and Patrick Rochford and Michael Kirwan were the main tenants.
Michael Kirwan held a house, offices and 33 acres of land. Michael Kirwan’s land holding was valued at £27 10s, while his buildings were valued at £3 15s.
Patrick Rochford held a house, offices and 42 acres of land. The buildings were valued at £4 10 s. while his land was valued at £36 10s. Additionally, Patrick Rochford leased a house to Michael Ryan that was valued at £1. The total acres recorded for this townland was 76 acres.
Dispute Regarding Place of Ancient Monument
Up until about 1820, near the meres of the townlands of Scartnamore and Carriganurra, the ruins of the house of an Ridire Deaghach (Knight of O’Dea) could be seen. The O’Dea or O’Day family was highly respectable in Ida down to the time of Cromwell. The head of the family was locally called An Ridire Deaghach. (Kilkenny Moderator, Wed. 2 Aug 1893, p. 4).
In 1923, after the Munster Express began publishing extracts from Carrigan’s History of the Diocese of Ossory, J. O’Donovan of Ballyrouragh, Slieverue wrote to the editor of the Munster Express. J. O’Donovan took exception to a passage where Carrigan concluded that the noted historian John O’Donovan (and his ancestor) was wrong about where an ancient monument was located in Glenmore parish. He asserted that John O’Donovan was in a better position to know or identify the Leachih Ee Deaw than Dr. Carrigan because O’Donovan was a native of the area. Leachth Ee Deaw was placed in Scartnamoe (sic) by John O’Donovan in a corner of Roche’s field, but placed across from the Half-way House in Aylwardstown by Carrigan (Munster Express, Sat. 9 June 1923, p. 3).
1961 Scartnamore, Glenmore
In 1961, Danny recorded three families or households in the townland of Scartnamore. Birthdates or birth years are provided for some of the older residents gleaned from available public records. For some time after drafting his notebook, Danny recorded the dates of death or simply recorded that a resident had died or left the townland. Danny did not record any death dates for his list of Scartnamore residents.
Danny’s recorded information reveals that in 1961, 15 people resided in the townland of Scartnamore with the population comprised of 10 males and 5 females. The largest households were two families with 5 persons in their house, the Kirwan and O’Shea families. There were 2 households recorded with a single person living alone in each house. Information under residents of Scartnamore not in Danny’s original list has been placed in square brackets [ ].
Recorded Scartnamore, Glenmore Residents (1961)
Males= 10
Females= 5
Eldest Recorded Resident
The eldest resident recorded by Danny in Scartnamore, Glenmore was John Connolly (13 Sept. 1889- 22 July 1972) a retired farmer living with his daughter Mary O’Shea and her family. John Connolly was about 72 years of age in 1961.
John Connolly and Brigid Roche
John Connolly married Brigid Roche (1894-1955) on 28 November 1917 at Glenmore. At the time of their marriage John was a labourer residing in Rochestown and Brigid was a servant residing in Scartnamore. John was the son of James Connolly (labourer), but no father was listed in the civil marriage record for Bridget. The witnesses were Walter Walsh and Bridget Roche. The fact that the bride and the witness had the same name highlights why nic-names were necessary.
John and Brigid Connolly had a large family that they reared in Scartnmore. We have though obituaries been able to identify 10 children. Several of the children per John’s obituary were living in the UK. One daughter Kathleen (1931-2014) entered religious life and became Sr. Miranda of the Sisters of St. Joseph of the Apparition. Sr. Miranda served in Africa and her last assignment was to St. Louis Hospital, Jerusalem where she cared for terminally ill cancer patients (Fr. Michael Mernagh, Glenmore Times (2000) p. 44). Sr. Miranda died on 4 September 2014 in Jerusalem where she is buried (Family headstone Glenmore).
John Connoly became a widower when Brigid died on 12 November 1955 at the age of 63. John Connolly died on the 22nd of July 1972 and his eldest son James died two days later. The joint obituary for John Connolly and his son, James (1918 -1972) is available on our “C” Glenmore Family Surname Page.
The ”Bill” Roches of Scartnamore
It is believed that Bridget Roche was one of the “Bill” Roches of Scartnamore. Bridget Roche was born on 1 April 1894 the daughter of Mary Roche, of Ballyhobuck, Glenmore. Ballyhobuck and Scartnamore are adjoining townlands.
“John Bill” Roche was married to one of the Faddie Kennedy’s of Rathinure. The couple farmed about 40 statute acres in Scartnamore where Jimmy Walsh currently lives. “John Bill” Roche and his wife had no children. John’s brother, “Dick Bill” Roche was a harmless man and lived with the couple and later with the Connolly’s. “Maizhe Bill” Roche was their sister, and she married a man named Kavanagh, and the Kavanagh’s lived on the High Road in Rathinure where Kathleen O’Connor lives. Maizhe is how Maura (nic-name for Mary) was pronounced in Glenmore, and it is believed that Maizhe was Bridget Connolly’ mother. Bridget Roche was known locally as Carty which may have been who locals believed her father to be.
Scartnamore, Glenmore Residents 1961
[1] KIRWAN
Kirwan, Laurence (1908-1979) Farmer [Died 7 January 1979]
Kirwan, Anne (1918-1982) Wife [Née Whittle died 30 June 1982.]
Kirwan, James, son
Kirwan, Noel (c. 1952- 1976) twin son [Died in a car crash 30 Oct. 1976 just aged 24.]
Kirwan, Thomas, twin son [See below on Glenmore Culture Night 2023].
[2] CONNOLY
Connolly, James (1918-1972) Farmer
[James “Jimmy” Connolly was the eldest son of John Connolly and his wife Brigid Roche. James Connolly never married and died two days after his father. He and his father were buried on the same day “side by side” in St. James’ Cemetery, Glenmore. See the “C” Glenmore Family Surname Page for the joint obituary of James and his father.]
[3] McDONALD
McDonald, Thomas (b. 1918) Farm Labourer
McDonald, Kate (b. 1919) wife
McDonald, Michael, son, Council Worker
[4] O’SHEA
O’Shea, Richard (b.c. 1926) Clover Meats
O’Shea, Mary (b. c. 1922) wife
O’Shea, Michael, son
O’Shea, Bridget, daughter
Connolly, John (13 Sept. 1889-) father-in-law, retired farmer [See above died on 22 July 1972.]
[5] HABERLIN
Haberlin, Annie (10 April 1897-24 Sept. 1968)
[Annie was a widow who died at the age of 73 in Waterford on 24 Sept. 1968. Her address on her death cert is Slieverue. A marriage record was located for Michael Haberlin and Anne Walsh for the 29th of November 1922. The couple were married in Ferrybank. Michael Haberlin (labourer) was residing in Kilmurry and the son of John Haberlin (labourer). Anne Walsh (domestic servant) was living in Prospect the daughter of Richard Walsh (farmer) of Kilaspy. Michael Haberlin died of an abscess on 30 September 1934 at the age of 37. Annie was left a widow at 36 years of age and remained a widow for 34 years until her death.]
Glenmore Culture Night
All who attended Glenmore’s first Culture Night on Friday, the 22nd of September 2023 were able to enjoy Tom Kirwan, a native of Scartnamore, playing his accordion as well as enjoy the other performers and dramatists. Glenmore History had a table of locally donated items such as a crock hot water bottle that amazed the inquisitive children. We also provided a sheet of tips and tricks to help people record their own memories/stories or their family history. It is hoped that Glenmore Culture Night becomes an annual event to encourage and show case local talent.
For further information on a talented Kirwan descendent see our post of 11 Sept. 2022 on Bernie Kirwan.
Please send any corrections, further information, or photos etc. to glenmore.history@gmail.com.
Dr. Kathleen Moore Walsh
Glenmore in Carrigan’s History & Antiquities of the Diocese of Ossory
In 1905, Rev. William Carrigan (1860-1924) published his authoritative history of the Diocese of Ossory. This four-volume work is entitled, The History and Antiquities of the Diocese of Ossory.
Ossory
Prior to the establishment of the Diocese of Ossory there was an ancient kingdom of Ossory. The diocese was established in 549 and uniquely has nearly the same borders as the ancient Kingdom of Ossory. Today, the diocese serves over 85,000 people, is comprised of 42 parishes in Kilkenny, Laois and Offaly and covers 1,972 square kilometers. For a brief history of the diocese see, the webpage of the Diocese.
Rev. Fr. William Carrigan (1860-1924)
Although Fr. Carrigan and his four-volume work have been heralded for recording the past before the Gelic oral tradition was lost (Brendan Ó Cathaoir, “An Irishman’s Diary,” The Irish Times, 14 Nov. 2005) and is often cited making it a valuable resource, very little has been published concerning Fr. Carrigan himself.
Shortly after Fr. Carrigan’s death another clergyman Rev. Ambrose Coleman, O.P., wrote a biography of Fr. Carrigan, but it was published in the Irish Ecclesiastical Record in 1927 and 1928 in seven instalments. More available is a lecture delivered in 1973 by Margaret M. Phelan outlining Fr. Carrigan’s early life, the writing of his treatise and the publication challenges (Margaret M. Phelan, Old Kilkenny Review (1976) (pp. 148-157) (lecture 9 Nov. 1973) p. 154.)
Native of Co. Kilkenny
William Carrigan was the youngest of 13 children comprised of 11 boys and two girls. He was born in 1860 at Ruthstown, Ballyfoyle, Kilkenny. He was described as a delicate boy “much given to his father’s company. Together they roamed the country looking at graveyard and reading the stones” (Phelan; p. 148). William began his education at the Natioinal School in Ballyfoyle. At 11 years of age he went to a day school in Wellington Square in Kilkenny city and later to St. Kieran’s College where one of his brothers also attended. They both “went over to the ecclesiastical side of the college and from there to Maynooth” (Phelan; p. 149).
Within a year of ordination “he faltered” (Phelan; p. 149). Unsure of his ability he went to stay with his brother, who was then a curate in Callan.” After reflection William asked to continue and was ordained in 1884 at the Presentation Convent. For a couple of years he taught at St. Kieran’s College and in 1888 he was sent as curate to Ballyragget. “He always carried in one pocket a stole, ritual and holy oils and in another a pencil and notebook to jot down what he heard or saw without delay” (Phelan; p. 150).
Writing and Publishing
The actual writing of the four-volume work took Fr. Carrigan six years from 1897 to 1903. He produced a first draft and unhappy with it revised the entire four volumes twice. Fr. Carrigan did this all by hand with no mechanical aid such as a typewriter. It took two years for the publishers to edit and publish the work in 1905. During this period the author advertised, issued circulars, and wrote to individuals seeking subscribers for his work.
Glenmore Subscribers
Through his efforts Fr. Carrigan garnered 738 subscribers. At the end of Volume 1 is a list of the subscribers and two Glenmore men are among the list: William Walsh, C.C. of Glenmore, Waterford (sic); and Rev. Thomas Phelan, P.P. Glenmore, Waterford (sic). Glenmore due to its proximity to Waterford had a Waterford postal address notwithstanding the fact Glenmore parish is in Kilkenny. Given the number of subscribers in the US it is likely that natives of Glenmore abroad may be also on the subscriber list.
Printing Costs
The bill for printing 1,000 copies of History and Antiquities of Ossory with illustrations and binding 750 copies came to £1,248-16-4. Postage to subscribers amounted to £52. Up to the end of 1906, 46 more copies were sold bringing the total sales to 784. “In February 1906, Fr. Carrigan owed £249 and at the end of 1906, £130. He was still only a curate on £80 a year and it took him five years to clear the debt and he had become a Parish Priest.” No further sales took place and in March 1911 he cleared the last £7 he owed for the publishing (Phelan; p. 154.)
By 1916, 840 copies had been sold and 160 copies were with the publishers, Sealy, Bryer and Walker. These copies with the plates illustrating the history burned during the Easter Rebellion. The Losses Commission compensated Fr. Carrigan and “at last the poor author was paid in part for his studies and his troubles.” (Phelan; p. 154.)
Although early sales were not brisk, on the centenary of the publication, Helen Litton compiled a comprehensive index, with over 20,000 entries, to Fr. Carrigan’s four volume work. This index in invaluable to students of history, archaeology and genealogy in the Diocese of Ossory and reflects the continued importance of Fr. Carrigan’s work (Ó Cathaoir/2005).
For further information see, Rev. James Brennan, “Canon Carrigan: Historian,” Kilkenny Archaeological Society, Old Kilkenny Review (1953) p. 1-8).
Presenting to Glenmore Readers
During the Irish Civil War, the Munster Express printed excerpts of Carrigan’s work in the newspaper. The first of 4 excerpts about Glenmore was published on 5 May 1923, p. 6. It is likely that the newspaper’s interest in Kilkenny history stemmed from the owner’s family connections. See our post of 24 January 2022 regarding the editor and proprieter of the Munster Express, Edward Walsh (1862-1946). More recently, when Fr. Barron was P.P. of Glenmore in the 1990’s he often placed short excerpts from Carrigan’s work in the Parish Bulletin.
Although the Munster Express excerpts exclude interesting information and contain a number of typographical errors, they did introduce the learned work to the Munster Express readers as did Fr. Barron’s later efforts. Luckily the four volumes have been digitalized, and are available on line. (We have linked to the New York Public Library as its digitalized copy and supports work best.) Chapter 4 in Volume 4 (p. 88-102) is the chapter dedicated to the Parish of Glenmore. Below is the unabridged beginning of the chapter. Any explanations or information not part of the original text have been placed in [ ].
Parish of Glenmore
It formed one parochial union with Slieverue down to 1846, when it became a separate parish. It takes in the entire of the civil parishes of Ballygurrim, Kilcoan, Kilbride, and Kilmakevoge, and more than half of the civil parish of Kilcolumb. Its area is 13,529 statute acres.
Ballygurrim
In ancient documents Ballygurrim appears as Ballywolgom, Ballymolgorine, Ballymolgorme, Balimolgurn etc. The name signifies O’Mugurrim’s Town. In Irish it would be written Baile Ui Maoit-guirm. [Helpfully Fr. Carrigan then provided how the Balygurrim was pronounced in Glenmore]. The local pronunciation is Bolle-ghizzhm, which is a slight corruption of Bolleel-ghizzhm.
The name Maolgorm does not occur in the Ossorian pedigrees in the Book of Leinster and Book of Lecain; it was in use, however, among the Deisi of the Co. Waterford; for, under the year 890 the Four Masters record that “Maelgorm, Tanist of the Deisi, was slain.” [A Tanist is the successor apparent to a Celtic chief, chosen by election among the clan during the chief’s lifetime.]
Ballygurrim was one of the parishes appropriated to the Nunnery of Kilkilliheen by David Fitz Milo, Baron of Overke, about the year 1240. The parish church, traditionally said to have been at one time of considerably ecclesiastical importance, consisted of nave and chancel, and was 60 feet long internally. The walls were 2 ft. 9 ins. thick, and are all levelled within one yard of the ground, except the west gable of the nave, which is about 22 feet high. A baptismal font, square and unornamented, on the outside, lies within the ruins.
There is but one ancient monument, viz., a large floor slab, lying in the corner of the chancel; it has a large cross, in relief down the centre, at each side of which are carvings of the emblems of our Lord’s Passion. On the edge is the following inscription in raised Roman capitals:
HIC JACET ROBERTVS DEN DE BALLYBVSSHER GENEROSVS QVIOBIT 23 MAI 1626 ET VXOR EIVS 10[AN]NA AELWARD QVI [rest uncut].
Translation–“Here lie Robert Den of Ballybusher (Busherstown), gentleman, who died May 23rd, 1626, and Johanna Aylward, his wife, who…”
William Den, probably a son of Robert, forfeited Busherstown, under Cromwell, and was transplanted to Connaught in 1653.
A little to the north of the churchyard is a well called Tubberathoggarth, or the priest’s well, which some consider to have been holy. There is no tradition regarding it.
St. Colman is patron saint of Ballygurrim. Bishop Phelan’s List assigns his feast to May 21st. He is presumably identical with St. Colman Lobhar (i.e., the Leper) of Mayo, in the territory of the Dalcasiaus, commemorated on the same day in the Martyrology of Donegal. (Carrigan (1905) The History and Antiquities of the Diocese of Ossory, vol. IX, p. 88). [For further information concerning St. Colman Lobhar see, the Omnium Sanctorum Hiberniae website.]
XXXXX
As time and space allows we will continue posting this work concerning Glenmore.
Please send any corrections, additional information or photos to glenmore.history@gmail.com.
The featured drawing above is the Moat at Borris-on-Ossory and in the illustration at the commencement of the Glenmore section (Chapter 4, Vol. 4.) of Carrigan’s work. The photo of the gable end of the Ballygurrin church ruins was taken on 7 June 2020 during a COVID outing.
Dr. Kathleen Moore Walsh
Redgap, Glenmore (1961)
Today, we are going to feature information Danny Dowling (1927-2021) recorded regarding the two residents of Redgap in 1961, as well as other information he recorded regarding Redgap, the smallest townland in Glenmore.
Background
The Irish for this townland, according to O’Kelly’s, The Place Names of the County of Kilkenny Ireland (1969, p. 114) is Bearna dhearg, which means “a red gap”. Redgap is the smallest townland in Glenmore and is comprised of only 33 acres. That is the sum total of the information O’Kelly provides. Redgap is located on the edge of Glenmore parish in the civil parish of Kilcolumb. It borders Slieverue on the crescent of the Rochestown/Scart hills.
Tithe Applotment Books 1829
We were unable to find any reference to Redgap, in the Kilcolumb Civil Parish list of townlands in the Tithe Applotment Books. We believe that Redgap was an area within a larger townland. Given its proximity to Slieverue it may be the case that it was once part of the townland of Ballyrowragh and was separated from that townland when the Catholic parish of Glenmore was established in 1846. In the 20th century Redgap was usually identified as being part of Rochestown.
Oral Tradition Regarding Redgap, Glenmore
Philip Wallace (c. 1806-1883)
In 1956, Danny interviewed Matt Aylward of Ballyfacey, Glenmore (DD Notebook 4). Matt stated, “In the last century a man named Philip Wallace who lived in Redgap conducted a hedge school.” Matt recited and Danny recorded the following crude local verse in reference to Philip Wallace’s school—“Philip’s scholars against the wall, A pint of piss would drown them all.”
A couple of sayings Matt shared with Danny that Phillip Wallace used were “go that” pronounced “gow that” and “No moiseac (mozhic) on him” or “No worry on him.”
Phillip Wallis (sic) (c. 1806-1883) schoolmaster, died on 24 November 1883 at his home at Redgap at the age of 77. His wife, Ellen Wallis was present when he died. According to Glenmore Parish records, Phillip Wallace married Ellen Fitzpatrick of Rochestown on 1 March 1870. According to the marriage records, Philip was a bachelor, schoolmaster, and was the son of Luke Wallace, farmer. Ellen was a servant and the daughter of Patrick Fitzpatrick (labourer) of Rochestown. If Philip’s age at his death is correct, he was about 64 when he married.
The John O’Donovan Connection to Redgap, Glenmore
According to Martin Walsh (c. 1918- 1996) of Rochestown, Glenmore there were three “botháns” in the long, narrow, hilly field in Redgap (the field currently owned by John Hoynes). The small houses were at the sheltered side of the north facing ditch where the field is level. May Roche (c. 1918-2001) of Scart, Glenmore said that her father (John “Sal” Roche (c. 1861-1931) and aunt Allie (Alice) Roche (c. 1859 -1933) told her that there was once a small shop in Redgap (May gave this information to Michael Hoynes of Ballybrahee, Glenmore).
Michael Hoynes also recalled this week that May Roche (c. 1918-2001) stated that the great Irish scholar John O’Donovan (c. 1806-1861) was connected to Redgap. Michael went on to research this statement and found a biography of John O’Donovan written by Diarmaid Ó Catháin that provides the connection.
Leased Redgap
John O’Donovan’s father, Edmund, did well during the Napoleonic wars (c. 1803-1815). In 1816, he built a new house but due to circumstances he was forced to move. Edmund leased 33 acres in the adjacent townland of Redgap near where his brother Patrick O’Donovan (1753-1831) had a cornmill. At the same time John O’Donovan’s eldest brother, Michael (bapt. 1789) leased 40 acres in Ballyrowragh, Slieverue. John O’Donovan’s father died in 1817 and John appears to have gone to live with this brother. His uncle, Patrick, was an important influence on John. Patrick went to sea as a young man, was widely read in both English and Irish, and had a great interest in history and tradition. Irish was the primary language in the locality at the time.
Donovan’s Mill, Ballyrowragh, Slieverue
The corn mill at Ballyrowragh still stands, and today it is still called “Donovan’s Mill.” The Tithe Applotment Books, 1829, provides that Patrick Donovan held 9 acres in Ballyrowragh, Slieverue. Given that Redgap, Glenmore is only comprised of 33 acres it appears that Edmund O’Donovan leased the entire townland. See our post of 13 March 2021 for information on John O’Donovan’s work.
Griffith’s Valuation (1847-1864)
Supporting the local oral tradition, Griffith’s Valuation lists three households in Redgap: [1] Philip Wallace (house & 1 acre); [2] John Gahan & Joseph Gahan (house and 13 acres) and [3] John Roche (house, offices and 17 acres). It is assumed that the Gahan’s were uncles or great-uncles of Martin Walsh (his mother was Elly Gahan). It is also assumed that John Roche was May Roche’s grandfather.
1961 Redgap, Glenmore
In 1961, Danny recorded one family or household in the townland of Redgap. In 1961, there was a married couple living in Redgap, Edward “Ned” Baldwin and his wife, Ellen “Elly” Baldwin (1916-1988) née Ryan.
Recorded Redgap, Glenmore Residents (1961)
Male= 1
Female= 1
Eldest Redgap, Glenmore, Resident 1961
Edward “Ned” Baldwin (1903-1991)
The eldest resident recorded by Danny in 1961 in Redgap, Glenmore, was Edward “Neddy” Baldwin (30 May 1903- 26 May 1991). Edward Baldwin was born to John Baldwin (labourer) and his wife, Elizabeth Doyle. The address on the birth cert is Knockroe, Waterford. In his obituary it is stated that Edward was a native of Passage East. As a young man Ned was a member of the Defence forces. He was skilled in all aspects of mechanical farm equipment and worked for years for James Kelly of Aylwardstown. Please see our B Family surname page for Edward’s obituary.
Marriage
Edward Baldwin married Ellen Ryan on 26 April 1937 in the Cathedral of Waterford. Edward was a labourer living in Skeard, Kilmacow. He was the son of John Baldwin (farmer). Ellen was living in Glenmore the daughter of Michael Ryan, labourer. Given the fact that Redgap is often referred to as part of Rochestown we believe that Ned and Ellie moved to Redgap in 1947. According to the Munster Express (Friday 6 June 1947, p. 2) Edward Baldwin, of Ringville, was appointed tenant of cottage 190L, of Rochestown, formerly in the occupation of Martin Connolly.
Ellen “Ellie” Baldwin née Ryan (1916 -1988)
The second resident of Redgap, Glenmore in 1961 was Glenmore native Ellie Baldwin née Ryan. Ellie was born on 17 February 1916 at Kearneybay, Glenmore, the eldest child of Michael Ryan (labourer) and his wife Mary Manning. Her parents were married on the 9th of February 1915 at Glenmore. At the time of their wedding Michael Ryan was 35 years of age and Mary Manning was 30. Both gave their address as Karneybay (sic). Michael was the son of Jermiah Ryan (labourer) and Mary was the daughter of Martin Manning (farmer).
Ellie’s Parents & Grandparents
According to the 1911 Census Michael Ryan had 8 siblings. His father Jeremiah (66) and mother Mary (54) had five children still at home. Jeremiah Ryan (labourer) of Kearneysbay married Mary Prendergast of Scartnamore, Glenmore on 20 November 1878. Jeremia Ryan was the son of Michael Ryan (labourer) and Mary Prendergast was the daughter of Richard Prendergast (farmer).
In 1911, Mary Manning was residing in Rathinure, Glenmore, with her father Martin Manning, a widower. The 1901 Census provides far more information. Her father was 52 and was a navy. Her mother, Ellen, was 48. Mary had three brothers listed: Bartley Manning was 21; Edward Manning was 20 and John Manning was 18. All three of her brothers were also navies we assume with the railway that was being built between New Ross and Waterford.
Ellie’s Siblings
Unfortunately, Irish births after 1916 are generally not available to the public. However, per Ellie’s and other family obituaries we know that Ellie Balldwin née Ryan had at least three brothers and a sister. Her brothers included: Martin “Mattie” Ryan, Patrick Ryan (1917-1973) of Kearneybay and Dermot Ryan of Kilivory, Glenmore, and her sister was Mary Walsh née Ryan of Mary Street, New Ross. See our R family surname page for Ryan obituaries.
Children of Ned and Ellie Baldwin
Ned and Ellie Baldwin had three children: [1] John Baldwin (Newbridge, Co. Kildare) [2] Mary Baldwin Tohill (Aylesbury, England) and [3] Elizabeth “Lizzy” Baldwin Davis (Aylesbury, England).
John Baldwin went into the army as a teenager and at the age of 19 in 1962 was sent to the Congo (Munster Express, Fri. 18 May 1962, p. 9). For further information and Baldwin obituaries please see our B surname page.
XXXXXXXXX
Special thanks to Michael Ryan, of Kearneybay, Glenmore for sharing the photo of his parents Dermie Ryan & Peggy Ryan née O’Neil and to Michael Hoynes of Ballybrahee, Glenmore for his help.
The featured photo above is Donovan’s Mill, Ballyrowragh, Slieverue, on the border of Glenmore Parish.
Please send any corrections, additional information or photos to glenmore.history@gmail.com.
Dr. Kathleen Moore Walsh
One Hundred Years Ago: August 1923
In August 1923, one topic dominated the local newspapers, the general election. Some newspapers dubbed it the “hurried” election. In many respects the issues concerning voters 100 years ago are still issues today such as housing, industrial strife, and inflation. Today, we highlight the local candidates and some of the other news that made it into the local newspapers in August 1923. Unfortunately, only one reference to Glenmore could be located in the local newspapers.
CIVIL WAR ISSUES
As peace settled across the 26 counties the government began to release some of the prisoners it held. Local released prisoners included Miss Lena Cleary, of Whitechurch, New Ross and Miss S. Browne, of New Ross. These ladies were released four months after being arrested by the military (New Ross Standard, Fri. 10 Aug. 1923, p. 6). At the end of August James Hartley, of Weatherstown, Glenmore was released from Wexford Military Barracks (Free Press (Wexford), Sat. 25 Aug. 1923, p. 4).
The National troops stationed in Thomastown since July 1922 left for Kilkennyin early August 1923. The barricades were removed from around the house in Thomastown where the military had been stationed (New Ross Standard, Fri. 10 Aug. 1923, p. 6).
INDUSTRIAL STRIFE
Industrial strife continued to plague the Free State. Locally, farmers had limited markets for their produce. The New Ross Standard reported that due to the “continuation of the strike at ports and other labour troubles” the weekly pig and fowl markets were suspended for over 3 weeks. (Fri. 3 August 1923, p. 5
The following week the New Ross Standard (Fri. 10 August 1923, p. 3) outlined the events that led to the port strikes.
Port Strike
“During the past few years the wages of dockers in the Free State have been the highest in Europe. The workers at the Free State ports were included in every increase of wages which were granted in Great Britain both during and immediately after the European War. At the larger ports they were in receipt of as much as 16 shillings per day, with the result that shipping freights were maintained at a fantastic level to the growing detriment of trade and commerce.”
“The British employers redued the wages of their men, and by stages the rate of pay fell to 10 shillings per day at all the big ports. The Dublin dockers and fellow workers in other Free State ports refused to discuss any reduction. Matters went from bad to worse until the last straw was laid on the camel’s back by an irregular and unauthorised strike of seaman. When the port of Dublin became paralysed the employers decided to enforce the over-due reduction of dockers’ wages. On 16 July all work ceased.”
DEADLY WEATHER
On the 2nd of August, what several newspapers described as a hurricane, swept through this area. A 15-year -old girl gathering firewood on the 2nd named Magge Lawlor, of 55 Ferrybank was killed by a tree that fell on her (Munster Express, Sat. 4 Aug. 1923, p. 5).
“The hurricane” had a serious impact on crops of grain, potatoes, manifolds (sic), and turnips all blackened (New Ross Standard, Fri. 10 Aug. 1923, p. 8). [We have had a few queries concerning manifolds. Having conferred with my resident farming expert it is believed that these were beet like vegetables used as fodder. They were stored in pits and had to be well covered to protect them from the frost. When fed the “mangals” were put through a turnip machine otherwise cattle could choke on the roots. For further information see, the Gardening Know How webpage.]
FARMING
In several areas apple trees were badly shaken by the August storm resulting in nearly all the fruit being blown off the trees. “Potato blight has made its appearance in places in the New Ross district. So far it is not serious (New Ross Standard, Friday 10 August 1923, p. 6). On the other hand the weather appeared to agree with mushrooms which were described as plentiful. “Reports came from almost every district to that effect” (New Ross Standard, Fri. 10 Aug.1923, p. 5).
At the end of the month it was reported that at the New Ross market cabbage was realising as high as 3d. per head and hay sold for £4 to £5 per ton (New Ross Standard, Fri. 31 Aug. 1923, p. 3).
The price of food according to the New Ross Standard was an issue the new Dáil would have to tackle. While the price of cattle was within 4 to 6 shillings per cwt. of pre-war prices, the price of butcher’s meat almost doubled. Almost every article required in the household costs an exorbitant price” (New Ross Standard, Fri. 17 Aug. 1923, p. 4).
THE GENERAL ELECTION
Free speech and free elections were challenging in the newly established Free State. The Kilkenny People summed up the “hurried” election of 1923 as the people’s choice for construction or destruction (Sat. 25 Aug. 1923, p. 5).
The general election was set for the 27th of August. In the days before radio and television candidates held meetings to try to persuade voters to support them. It was reported that during the election campaign 90 meetings were held in New Ross and surrounding districts (New Ross Standard, Fri. 31 Aug. 1923, p. 3)
Unfortunately, meetings of all parties were subject to disruptions and heckling of candidates was common. In some instances violence erupted and intimidation caused some meetings to be cancelled.
Election Meetings Disrupted
A Farmers’ Party candidate at Ramsgrange, Co. Wexford on Sunday the 19th was assaulted by a crowd of young men and boys. He was struck with clenched fists, rotten eggs, “and sound ones too.” He was covered from the top of his hat to his boots. His hat, overcoat and suit of clothes were destroyed. The Labour Party was also stopped at Ramsgrange from holding a meeting. The candidates were threatened and their election literature burned (New Ross Standard, Fri. 24 Aug. 1923, p. 5).
By the time the New Ross Standard (Fri. 31 Aug. 1923, p. 3) went to print at the end of the month it was reported that “It is too early to ascertain what sections or parties have been successful at the general election. The result of the polling will not be completely known for some days…whatever parties have been successful, and whatever Government may result, we trust that at long last it will be enabled to devote itself uninterruptedly to uplifting the country and promoting prosperity and happiness of the people.”
Kilkenny-Carlow Candidates
Below is a list of the candidates for the Kilkenny-Carlow seats and the names of the candidates deemed elected are in bold.
(1) Michael Barry, Tombeagh, Co. Carlow, Farmer, ran as a Republican.
(2) Thomas, Bolger, of Downings, Co. Carlow, Farmer, ran as a Cumann na nGaedheal.
(3) Edw. John Broughan, of Ballybrommell, Co. Carlow, Farmer, ran as a Farmer’s Party candidate.
(4) Liam T. Cosgrave, of Beechpark, Templeogue, Co. Dublin, President of the Executive Council, and Minster for Finance, ran as a member of Cumann na NGaedheal.
(5) Edw. Doyle, of Laragh, Co. Carlow, Agricultural Worker, ran as a member of Labour.
(6) Patrick Gaffney, of Connolly Cross, Carlow, Agricultural Worker, ran as an Independent (Other newspapers noted that he was a miller.)
(7) John “Seán” Francis Gibbons, of Ballylarkin, Co. Kilkenny, Farmer, ran as a member of Cumann na nGaedheal.
(8) Denis John Gorey, of Burnchurch, Cuffesgrange, Co. Kilkenny, Farmer, ran as a member of the Farmer’s Party. See our post of 6 June 2022 for details regarding the attack on Gorey’s home and the General Election of 1922.
(9) Michael Shelly, of Green St., Callan, Co. Kilkenny, Merchant, ran as a Republican. (Waterford News & Star, Fri. 24 Aug. 1923, p. 16).
WATERFORD BOXER—Battling Brannigan
“In Dublin on Wed. 22d August, Battling Brannigan, the promising young Waterford pugilist, will meet the coloured exponent, Sam Minto, who last year gave Kid Doyle a great fight” (Waterford News & Star, Fri. 17 Aug. 1923, p. 16). It isn’t clear whether Brannigan fought Minto more than once, but according to a short article in the Munster Express in 1952, fighting “Patsy Brannigan (Gerald Hurley) despite an early injury to his hands, gained a points victory over Sam Minto.” The fight took place at the Theatre Royal, in Waterford almost 30 years earlier. (Munster Express, Fri. 16 May 1952, p. 9).
Gerald Hurley (c. 1901-1985)
Gerald Hurley (c. 1901-1985) was born in Chicago and moved to Waterford at the age of three. Although he trained as an alto singer for the Westminster Cathedral choir and sang professionally, in 1919, he began boxing as a lightweight. During a boxing career that spanned a decade, Hurley became the lightweight champion of Ireland, and went on to hold the welterweight Irish title. He never had a manager, and secured international fights.
At the same time he was a “much sought-after” professional classical singer. His dual career might explain why he fought under the name of Battling Brannigan. Hurley retired from professional boxing in 1929, but continued his professional singing. He became a physical education and boxing teacher (Munster Express, Fri. 29 Sept. 1972, p. 24) at Dublin secondary schools and also taught at the Garda Depot, Phoenix Park (Waterford News and Star, Fri. 29 Nov. 1985, p. 16).
Memories of Waterford
While living in Waterford he resided in Grange Terrace, Waterford (Munster Express, Fri. 19 Oct. 1979, p. 25). In 1959, he was residing at 32 Belgrave Square, Rathmines Dublin (Munster Express, Fri. 31 July 1959, p. 4) In a letter to the editor of the Munster Express, he recalled friends killed during the Civil War in Waterford City and working at putting up the wooden poles in the city when the first electric lights were installed (Munster Express, Fri. 31 July 1959, p. 4). His kin around Waterford city in the 1950’s included his brother Tim Hurley, of Barrack St., his nephew Michael Butler, hairdresser of Manor St. and the Moran family of Parnell St. (Munster Express, Fri. 31 Dec. 1954, p. 5)
AUCTIONS
After the establishment of the Free State several Anglo-Irish families, such as the Butlers of Kilkenny Castle, sold their estates and moved from Ireland. In the summer of 1923, the local newspapers advertised several auctions and as illustrated below not all sales were large estates.
Cholastown, Slieverue, Co. Kilkenny An auction of a small holding belonging to Thomas McDonald, was advertised to be sold by Auction on the 7th of August (Tuesday) at noon (new time). The land was in Nicholastown and contained 18 statute acres with a forge and outbuildings. The land was held in fee simple subject to a terminable annuity payable to the Irish Land Commission of £4 2s. 8d.
The land was described as, being in grass, well fenced and sheltered with excellent tillage and grazing qualities with an ample and constant spring water supply (Waterford News & Star, Fri. 3 Aug. 1923, p. 8).
HUMOUR RETURNS
During the dark days of the War of Independence and Civil War very few jokes were published in local newspapers as fillers. In August 1923, perhaps to lighten the mood during the general election several jokes were published such as the two below.
Plucking in Haste—Knitting in Leisure
“In the Hounalow district a young Farmer’s wife, after making some hop beer, threw the hops into the garden, and several ducks ate them up. The ducks became so drunk that the farmer thought they were dead and placed them in a shed. The wife plucked them in the evening. In the morning the couple were awakened by a terrific noise in the shed. The ducks were running abound bereft of feathers. So, the farmer’s wife had to make some little jumpers until their feathers grew again” (New Ross Standard, Fri. 31 Aug. 1923, p. 5). [For our international readers a jumper is a sweater.]
Faith in Surgeon
“A London surgeon found that a serious operation was necessary upon the daughter of a woman who came with her to the hospital. The details of the operation were explained, and the consent was asked for of the mother to the operation being performed. ‘Oh,’ was the reply, ‘It is all very well to talk about consenting, but who is going to pay for the funeral!’ (Kilkenny Moderator, Sat. 18 Aug. 1923, p 7).
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
The feature phto above is the crowd in Carlow awaiting the arrival of President of the Dáil, W.T. Cosgrave. The photo was published in the Freeman’s Journal (Tues. 21 Aug. 1923, p. 7) by a member of the Freeman’s staff. Cosgrove arrived in Carlow by airplane.
Please send any corrections or further information or photos to glenmore.history@gmail.com.
Dr. Kathleen Moore Walsh