Whether you are climbing your family tree or interested in social history, local place names or folklore we welcome you to Glenmore-History.com and hope that you enjoy your visit.
L A T E S T P O S T S
From Danny’s Files: Frank Meehan (c. 1862-1930) a Glenmore Stonebreaker
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A Glenmore Photo: The Forristal’s
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From Danny’s Files: An Interview of Nicky Walsh (1919-2015) of Davidstown, Glenmore
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Glenmore Photos from the Eamon Jones Collection–Updated
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Glenmore Man Killed 120 Years Ago on the U.S.S. Bennington
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Maurice Hennebry (1859-1917) Native of Rochestown, Glenmore—Killed on the S.S. Formby
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Ballyfacey, Glenmore 1913 School Photo
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From Danny’s Files: A 1911 Haggard, Glenmore, Malicious Injury Case
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November Updates
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A Disputed Glenmore Cottage
Glenmore in the News: July 1924
Thorny unresolved issues continued to plague the new State. Although peace was restored the Free State Government was reluctant to release the Irregular prisoners. The infrastructure of the country had been damaged in the War of Independence and Civil War leaving little money to tackle other issues. The weather was described as wet and cold impacting on crops, tourism and morale. There were some positive reports in July 1924 including labourer cottages were built by the Thomastown Rural District Council, the Olympic Games were held in Paris and the evicted tenants’ association of the New Ross area had succeeded in getting 143 claims before the Land Commission.
GAA Support for Prisoners
As we highlighted previously the GAA players in 1924 were refusing to play championship games in protest over the continued detention of Irregular prisoners. Callan and Glenmore refused to play in the South Kilkenny Hurling Championship tie owing to the continued detention of the prisoners (Munster Express, Sat. 5 July 1924, p. 5).
The semi-final of the Leinster GAA football championship, fixed for Navan on Sunday the 13th, was “declared off” owing to Louth’s refusal to play, as a protest against the continued detention of the prisoners. The two All Ireland championships, both hurling and football were cancelled. The Erskine Childers SF Club, Denmark Street, Dublin, expressed appreciation of the Kerry team’s action in refusing to play Dublin (Kilkenny Moderator, Sat. 12 July 1924, p. 2).
Glenmore Man Released
In the middle of July the Kilkenny Moderator listed 14 men representing the latest releases from Hare Park. The men were from Carlow, Kilkenny and Waterford. Local men included: John Purcell, of Glenmore; James Roche, of Kilmacow; James Walsh, of Kilmacow; and Michael O’Sullivan, of Ferrybank (Kilkenny Moderator, Sat. 12 July 1924, p. 2).
Toward the end of July it was reported in Waterford that De Vallera was released on the 17th. A procession was quickly arranged to parade through the City. It was understood that De Valera planned to go to Ennis, on or about the 15th of August, to resume the meeting which was interrupted the previous August when he was arrented (Waterford News & Star, Fri. 18 July 1924, p. 5).
Death of James Nowlan (c. 1864-1924)
“Throughout all Gaeldom the death of Seumas Ua Nuallain, better known as Alderman Nolan, will be learned with profound regret. Up to the last few weeks, when his familiar figure was missed from Croke Park, he was never absent from an important game, and this was well known to the new generation of Gaels. At the vital crisis in the GAA about 1901 when no one wanted positions in a seemingly crumbling institution, he took the presidency and held it up to 1921, when Mr. Dan McCarthy, T.D., succeeded him. He was then made an hon. Vice-president of the GAA—a title which meant nothing, for he was long before recognised as one of its gathers. The late Mr. Nowlan was associated with the GAA movement from its earliest days in Kilkenny, where there was never a more honoured citizen. By his death one of the fine old fighting Gaels has disappeared and Gaelic Ireland is the loser” (New Ross Standard, Fri. 4 July 1924, p. 10). For further information see Historic Kilkenny website.
Evicted Tenants’ Association of the New Ross Area
A meeting of the Evicted Tenants’ Association of the New Ross area was held in the Tholsel, New Ross. The Association had been established in 1922 and had forwarded 143 claims. The secretary, Mr. Sean Cowman said that after years of hard fighting the Land Commission was taking up the claims of the evicted, and the preliminary investigation of the claims would commence on the 7th of July. It would relieve the Association of any further responsibility in future, as the claims would now be in the hands of the Land Commission. He explained that the Act applied to any case where the landlord caused the law to be moved for the eviction of a tenant. It would apply to any eviction from 1876 or earlier for a genuine case (New Ross Standard, Fri. 4 July 1924, p. 8).
Mr. James Holden, arrested and taken to Waterford prison about four months previously in connection with the Shanbogh farm, was released from prison (New Ross Standard, Fri. 4 July 1924, p. 5). See our post of 10 August 2023
Summer Weather
The poor weather of 2024 is eerily similar to that reported in 1924. In July 1924, it was reported that people were uneasy about the very unfavourable weather which continued for so long. Though more than half the summer season had passed they did not have summer weather. “The rains were a menace to farmers…The hay would be a very abundant crop if it could be saved” (New Ross Standard, Fri. 11 July 1924, p. 4).
The Munster Express noted, that “We have no summer visitors as yet, but neither have we the summer. People are living in hopes that warm weather will eventually come our way (Munster Express, Sat. 5 July 1924, p. 5).
Notwithstanding the Free State growing pains and the poor weather the Hanrahan Brothers opened new premises in New Ross in July 1924. The Hanrahan Brothers hailed from Glenmore. See our post of 19 December 2020 for other early Glenmore business adverts.
Olympic Games of 1924
At the Olympic Games in Paris, Peter O’Connor a Waterford solicitor watched as his world record in the long jump (24 ft. 11 3/4 inches) was broken by an American named Le Gendre with a jump of 25 ft. 5 1/2 inches. O’Connor held the record for 20 years (Munster Express, Sat. 12 July 1924, p. 5). The Munster Express was wrong about the name of the American who won the event. The long jump in 1924 was won by William Dehart Hubbard (1903-1976) of Ohio. Hubbard was the first black to win an Olympic gold medal in an individual event. For further information see Black Past website.
New Housing
Just like today housing was an issue in 1924. Thomastown (Co. Kilkenny) Rural District Council in 1924 erected ten “concrete houses” in Graiguenamanagh at a total cost of £3,950. The cottages were let at 3s a week. It was noted that all rents on the 50 labourers’ cottages in the Thomastown rural area were not in arrears (Munster Express, Sat. 26 July 1924, p. 5).
Police Blotter
At the Waterford City District Court, Thomas Byrne, a publican from Bigwood was found guilty for breaches of the licensing regulations on Sunday, July 13th and Saturday, July 19th. Byrne was fined £2 and costs for the 13th and £4 and costs for the 19th (Waterford News & Star, Fri. 25 July 1924, p. 5).
Death of James Kirwan (c.1855-1924) of Gaulstown, Glenmore
Death of Mr. James Kirwan, Gaulstown, Glenmore—We regret to record the death of Mr. James Kirwan, which took place on the 19th, at his residence, Gaulstown. Deceased, who was in his 69th year had been in more or less failing health for some time past. He was a popular and much esteemed resident of Glenmore parish, and was for many years a member of the Waterford Board of Guardians & No. 2 Rural District Council. He was also a shareholder of Glenmore Creamery. Both in public and private life his quiet and unobtrusive manner and uprightedness won for him the respect of all who knew him. The shareholders of the creamery on Monday night passed a resolution of sympathy, which was proposed by Mr. J. Ennett and seconded by Mr. H. Fitzgerald. The interment took place on Monday in Glenmore, after Office and High Mass. The funeral was of very large proportions. R.I.P. (Munster Express, Sat. 26 July 1924, p. 5).
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Please send any corrections or further information to glenmore.history@gmail.com.
The 1919 photo of the Eiffel Tower featured above is courtesy of The Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs: Photography Collection, The New York Public Library. “The Opera; the Eiffel Tower” The New York Public Library Digital Collections. 1919. https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47dd-f2b7-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99
Dr. Kathleen Moore Walsh
South Kilkenny Historical Society
The South Kilkenny Historical Society has sent out its programme of events for September to December 2024.
LECTURES
Friday, September 27th–Title: Murder and Justice in 19th Century Kilkenny, Speaker: Donal Cadogan
Friday, October 25th–Title: Francis McManus: County Kilkenny’s Greatest Novelist, Speaker: Willie Nolan
Friday, November 29th–Title: Freighting the River Blackwater, Speaker: Andrew Doherty
All lectures will be held in Mullinavat Parish Hall, commencing at 8pm.
November
Mass for deceased members of South Kilkenny Historical Society, their families and friends
Details to be confirmed at a later date.
December
Friday, December 6th–Night of Reminiscing, Venue: The Rhu Glenn, Slieverue, Time: 7pm.
Thursday, December 26th, Lá an Dreoilín (Wren Day), Details to be confirmed at a later date.
Any queries to Ed Synnott at edsynnott@yahoo.co.uk
From Danny’s Files: Some Old Local Words & Phrases
Danny Dowling (1927-2021) loved old words and phrases. Danny recorded the following list of words and phrases. Most appear to be Irish. Danny often expressed regret that he didn’t have more Irish, but confessed that he did not enjoy school when he was a boy. For more local Irish words or information on the last Native Irish speaker in Glenmore see our Irish page. See our post of 23 August 2020 regarding Glenmore and the Irish language.
Glenmore Farming Words
Ray—9 drills usually of potatoes. This word still in common use in Glenmore.
Girock—Short drills in the corner of a field.
Corcóg—A little heap of sods from baiting, made for drying which resembled a skep or straw beehive preparatory to burning and spreading the ashes as manure.
Fittin—Tilling for a corn crop. “I was Fittin.” A word which was in general use in the Enniscorthy area. Obtained from Vincent Codd, Rathnure, Wexford in 2006.
Scilóg—A portion of a potato tuber containing an eye or sprout used for planting. The practice of cutting larger tubers into portions containing an eye was much in use for potato planting in the old days. This word was used by Paddy Forristal of Graiguenakill on Sunday, 25 March 2007 in Maypark Nursing home.
Sop—A small amount such as a fistful of hay.
Sugan—A hay or straw rope. It was used for holding down a cock of hay. Update: Andrew Doherty of Tides & Tales, stated that the word was also used by fishermen. Sugán meant that the rope or a net was completely twisted and knotted up. Sometimes a small salmon (peal) would be twisted in a sugán in the nets…ie hard to clear.
Filipín—A piece of timber like a gawlóg for twisting a sugan.
Hinny—a jennet
Dromán—a strap across a horse’s back for holding up the drafts.
Glugger—a hatching hen
Corandy—a loft
Calling Farm Animals
Tiuc-Tiuc—Words used for calling chickens.
Chick-Chick—Words used for calling chickens.
Bí- Bí—Words used for calling turkeys.
Finnie-Finnie—Words used for calling ducks.
Dhock-Dhock—Words used for calling pigs.
Bhoc-Bhoc—Words used for calling piigs.
Hi-Hi—Words used for calling cows.
Cob-Cob—Words used for calling horses.
Glenmore Household Words
Guddy—White bread mixed with tea, milk, and sugar. A food given to children from about the age of 1 to about 3 years or more. Usually given at evening time.
Choppy—Mashed potatoes with butter and a little milk given as food to children from about a year upwards.
Hotchpotch—A Scottish mutton and vegetable dish.
Flummery—A dish made from flour or mill dust, a kind of dessert.
Sillabub—A trifle dish.
Bóshán—A sun or air dried cow dung picked from the field in summertime and used by poor people for burning in the fire.
Tránín—A variety of grass with seed heads which was picked by women from poor households to supplement income of the household.
Mogabulya—A piece of timber which was used in old times at the back of the door to make it more resistant against people who might attempt to break in the door.
Faggot—A bundle of sticks for fuel.
Glenmore Personal Words
Mogalore—A state of intoxication.
Buineac—Diarrhoea or looseness of the bowel. (Tom Roche of Coolnaleen gave Danny this word on the 11th of January 2007. This word was formerly in use in the Coolnaleen area of Glenmore.)
Bouzhgee—Another word for diarrhoea used in the Coolnaleen area. Also provided to Danny by Tom Roche on 11 January 2007.
Cutting in the guts—The phrase Danny recalled used during his youth for diarrhoea.
The Mudge—Sulking. From Martin Gahan, Ballinamona, Slieverue.
Offensive Local Words
Beak—An offensive word for mouth.
Melt—An abusive word meaning a useless person. From the word meilit meaning blunt or useless. Update: Andrew Doherty of Tides & Tales related that a hoors melt or Whore’s Melt…that was the worst of all.
Bockety—A beggar or deformed person from bacach.
Dunderhead-A stupid person.
Some Local Sayings
The worst cow in the yard balls the loudest (from Mrs. Morrisseyy, Milepost.)
The smartest of flies get caught in a shit.
Don’t care a continental (could not care less).
There was no take on her. (A girl who had no admirers or requests of marriage.)
Please send any corrections or additional information to glenmore.history@gmail.com. The featured photo above is an old postcard depicting the the interior of St. James’ Catholic Church of Glenmore (date unknown but prior to Vatican II).
Dr. Katheen Moore Walsh
Monsignor Patrick O’Connor Culleton (1877-1960) of Kilbride, Glenmore
Today, we are going to feature the Right Reverand Monsignor Patrick O’C Culleton (1877-1960) a native of Kilbride, Glenmore. After being ordained in Waterford he left for the American mission. Msgr. Culleton spent his entire ministry in the Peoria Diocese of Illinois. Thanks to Sr. Lea Stefancova, SFJB, of the Archbishop Fulton J. Sheen Foundation, of the Peoria (Illinois) Diocese for providing us with photos and newspaper clippings from the Diocese archive. This post is dedicated to Msgr. Culleton’s niece, Ciss Roche née Culleton of Rathinure who will be 95 in December 2024.
Culleton Family of Kilbride, Glenmore
Monsignor Culleton was the eldest child of James Culleton (1845-1912) and his wife Margaret Connors (sic) or O’Connor (1839-1918). His mother Margaret O’Connor was from Ballyfacey, Glenmore. Even today the O’Connors are often referred to as the Connors. Msgr. Culleton’s parents were married 3 February 1876 at Glenmore and he had three known siblings.
His brother Michael Culleton (18 Oct. 1878-21 Feb. 1968) remained on the family farm in Kilbride and married Alice Hartley of Weatherstown, Glenmore on the 26th of November 1914. Alice’s father was Edward Hartley (farmer), and Michael’s father was Michael Culleton (farmer). Michael Culleton (1878-1968) and Alice Culleton had one son and four daughters. [1] James Culleton (c. 1917-2012); [2] Anastatia Culleton (c. 1919-1927); [3] Margaret Culleton (c. 1916-1932); [4] Nellie Walsh née Culleton (c. 1920 -2016) and [5] Ciss Roche née Culleton of Rathinure, Glenmore.
Msgr. Culleton’s brother, George Culleton (b. 6 Nov. 1881) married Mary Walsh at Carrick-on-Suir on the 29th of October 1919, and they farmed and raised their family in Ashtown. Their son James became a priest also serving in Illinois.
Msgr. Culleton also had a sister Ellen Culleton (b. 4 Oct. 1883).
Education
We believe that Msgr. Culleton attended the old Ballyfacey National School. He attended Waterford Christian Brothers and went on to St. John’s College, Waterford where he was ordained on the 14th of June 1900 at the age of 23. Msgr. Culleton was appointed to the Peoria Diocese on the American Mission. He arrived in the United States in September 1900.
Assigned Ministries
After arriving in the Peoria Diocese, he was appointed assistant pastor of St. Patrick’s church of Danville, Illinois. Danville is approximately 120 miles from Peoria located near the Indiana border.
On 2 October 1903, he was commissioned by the late Bishop Spalding to found a new parish in Westville, six miles north of Danville. Six years later he was transferred by the Bishop to Peru, Illinois on 10 March 1909, as pastor of St. Mary’s church. Msgr. Culleton remained in Peru until January 1923 when he was assigned to Peoria’s, St. Patrick’s parish.
While Msgr. Culleton was working in Peru he had to register for the draft. In his World War I draft registration of 12 September 1918, Msgr. Culleton gave his name as “Patrick O’Connor Culleton.” He resided at 1319 Van Bureau St., Peru, Illinois. He recorded that he was employed as a Catholic Priest, 41 years of age and a naturalized citizen. He listed his mother Mrs. Margaret Culleton as his next of kin with an address of Kilbride, Glenmore, Waterford, Ireland. He was physically described as tall and stout with gray eyes and brown hair.
It was also in Peru that his first cousin Miss Mary Anne Harte (1891-1976) emigrated from Co. Kilkenny, Ireland in September 1922 to work as his housekeeper. When she applied for naturalisation in January 1923 she gave her address as 1315 6th St., Peru, Illinois.
On the recommendation of Bishop Joseph H. Schlarman, Father Culleton was raised to the status of a domestic prelate by Pope Pius XII on 23 November 1939, to which rank was attached the title Right Reverend Monsignor. He was later appointed by Bishop Schlarman as building commissioner of the diocese, which position he continued to hold in 1950. “He was keenly interested in education and in addition to a church, he also built schools in Peoria [Diocese] and in the city of Peoria” (Kilkenny People, Sat. 2 April 1960, p. 1).
Golden Jubilee: 14 June 1950
Msgr. Culleton celebrated the 50th anniversary of his ordination to the priesthood by celebrating Mass. He was assisted by the Rev. J.M. Fitzgerald. The Rev. James P. Culleton, his nephew, served as deacon; the Rev. J.J. Gaule as subdeacon; and the Rev. R.E. Gates as master of ceremonies. The sermon was delivered by the Rev. J.P. Christopher, professor at the Catholic University of America, Washington D.C.
Following the Jubilee Mass, Msgr. hosted a luncheon at St. Mary’s school hall for visiting priests and relatives. At the time of his Golden Jubilee Msgr. Culleton had served at St. Patrick’s in Peoria City for 27 years. Serving as chairman of the luncheon was the Rev. James M. Fitzgerald, pastor of St. Mark’s who introduced the Rev. TP Kelly of Clinton to serve as toastmaster.
Luncheon Tributes
“Referring to Monsignor Culleton as one of the great men of the Peoria Diocese the Rt. Rev. P. H. Durkin of Rock Island, Vicar-General of the Diocese said his name will be held in reverence at St. Patrick’s for many years to come.” (Newspaper clipping dated 15 June 1950).
Msgr. Culleton’s knowledge of architecture and work in building churches at Peru former parishes were praised by several speakers. Other speakers paying tribute to Msgr. Culleton included the Rt. Rev. Msgr. J. R. Reidy chancellor of the diocese; and the Rt. Rev. Msgr. Thomas Barden of the Lincoln, Nebraska, diocese who was a schoolmate of Msgr. Culleton in Ireland as well as four other priests.
Wires of congratulations were read from the Most. Rev. Joseph H. Schlarman, Bishop of Peoria, who was not present as he had sailed “Tuesday for Europe” and Msgr. Fulton J. Sheen who once served as an assistant at St. Patrick’s. [For more information on Archbishop Fulton J. Sheen see his Foundation webpage.]
Public Reception
Approximately 500 persons filled Roosevelt auditorium for the public reception. On the program were four priests representatives of parish groups and students, Mayor Joseph O. Malone, the school and adult choruses, and several solo musicians.
Speakers included the Rev. E.J. Bratowski, pastor of St. Dominick’s church in Wyoming. and Msgr. Culleton’s first assistant at St. Patrick’s, the Rev. William Bouchers of St. Joseph’s in Rock Island, Msgr. Culleton’s former assistant at St. Patrick’s and the Rev. William Gray, present assistant there. The Rev. James M. Fitzgerald, pastor of St. Mark’s church, was master of ceremonies.
Speaking on behalf of the parish trustees were Thomas Whalen and Richard Madigan, who presented Msgr. Culleton with cash gift from the parishioners. After 1950 Msgr. Culleton remained at St. Patrick’s for more than 8 years.
Death
Five days after having suffered a stroke, Msgr. Culleton died on 1 March 1960 in St. Francis’ Hospital in Miami Beach, Florida. Funeral services were held 5 March 1960 in Peoria. Bishop John B. Franz officiated at the Pontifical Requiem Mass in St. Patrick’s Church and also at the Office of the Dead the previous evening. The obituary received from Sr. Lea provides that Msgr. Culleton was survived by a nephew, Fr. James Culleton, pastor of St. Louis’ Parish, Princeton; and a cousin, Miss Mary Harte, who was his housekeeper for many years. He is buried in St. Mary’s Cemetery of West Peoria, Illinois. To view Msgr. Culleton’s headstone, see Find a Grave.
The Kilkenny People Obituary
Monsignor Dies—The death has occurred unexpectedly in Florida, United States of the Right Rev. Monsignor Patrick Culleton, native of Glenmore, Co. Kilkenny. He was brother of Mr. Michael Culleton, Kilbride, Glenmore and Mr. George Culleton, Ashtown, do., and uncle of Very Rev. James P. Culleton, P.P., Princeton, Illinois, United States. He is also survived by nephews and nieces in South Kilkenny.
The late Monsignor Culleton was born in Glenmore parish in 1877 and was educated in Waterford Christian Brothers schools and at St. John’s College, Waterford where he was ordained on June 14, 1900 at the age of 23. He went on the American mission the same year and his appointment was in the Diocese of Peoria. He served in Waterville, Danville and finally in the city of Peoria. He was made a Domestic Prelate by the late Pope Pius XII.
A kindly priest and untiring worker for the temporal and spiritual welfare of his people Mons. Culleton won a warm place in the hearts of his parishioners where he ministered. He was keenly interested in education and in addition to a church, he also built schools in Peoria and in the city of Peoria where he ministered before his death.
Monsignor Culleton belonged to an old and respected Glenmore family. There was an extremely large attendance of clergy and laity at the obsequies in Peoria where interment took place after Solemn Requiem Office and High Mass. Requiem Office and High Mass were also celebrated in Glenmore Church (Kilkenny People, Sat. 2 April 1960, p. 1).
The Demise of St. Patrick’s of Peoria
In attempting to find a photo of the church where Msgr. Culleton worked for over 37 years, we discovered that St. Patrick’s of Peoria was a red brick building located at the corner of Saratoga and McBean. It was dedicated in 1881. Due to falling numbers St. Patrick’s closed as a Roman Catholic Church in 1976. The parishes of St. Patrick’s combined with St. Joseph’s and used the existing St. Joseph’s building. St. Patrick’s church was advertised as seating 700 was placed on the market for $49,500.
Since 1976 different churches bought the premises and held services in the building until 2023 when the roof collapsed and the building had to be demolished (Tim Shelley, WCBU Local News, 29 July 2023). A sad end for a historic church.
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Please send any additional information or corrections to glenmore.history@gmail.com. The feature photo above is from Msgr. Culleton’s Requiem Mass in St. Patrick’s church of Peoria. Special thanks to Sr. Lia for providing this photo and the photos of Monsr. Culleton. The photo of St. Patrick’s of Danville, Illinois is from an old postcard.
Dr. Kathleen Moore Walsh
See generally, Dean Muellerleile, “Historic Collapsed Church in Peoria, IL Tied to Sainthood,” Peoria Journal Star (7 Aug. 2023).
For a brief history of the Diocese of Peoria, Illinois click here.
For other cousins of Msgr. Culleton see our post of 5 Aug. 2024.
Survey of Local Holy Wells
We received a request today from Kilkenny for help in locating some local Holy Wells, or any local folklore regarding these Holy Wells. Please note that not all of the Holy Wells on the list are in Glenmore and not all Glenmore Holy Wells are on the list.
1. Davidstown, Tobar Phádraig (well of St. Patrick)
2. Flemingstown (2 x wells)
3. Jamestown, Tobar an tSagairt (well of the priest) (Ballygurrim area)
4. Shanbogh (James Murphy’s Rosbercon Parish history mentions a well to the north-east of the old church, called Loughmans Well (pg. 17), possibly quite close to the old national school; St Fintan’s Well, believed to be west of the old church)
5. Kilbraghan (St. Broghan’s or St. Brochan’s Well, which is also mentioned by James Murphy, pg. 14)
6. Ballyneale (somewhere near the old Dysartmoon Church)
Please feel free to reply below and we will gather up responses, or send any information you may have to glenmore.history@gmail.com.
From Danny’s Files: The Manslaughter of Catherine Fitzgerald of Glenmore, Waterford
Danny Dowling (1927-2021) spent a considerable amount of time in the Waterford Public Library searching old local newspapers for news articles regarding Glenmore. Danny recorded that in the Waterford Mail of Saturday, the 21st of July 1838, Cornelius Fitzgerald was transported for 15 years for the manslaughter of his wife Catherine Fitzgerald, at Windgap, the 25th of March.
It is not apparent from his notes, but it is likely that Danny realized quickly after reading the article that the Glenmore where the Fitzgeralds lived was located in County Waterford. We are featuring the Waterford manslaughter case today because of the insight it provides to crime and justice in the early 19th century. It also serves as a useful contrast to the 1822 manslaughter of Catherine Hanrahan (c. 1798-1822) of Rochestown, Glenmore which we posted on 6 November 2022. Catherine Hanrahan was pregnant and shot in the back by a Waterford bailiff who was sentenced to 6 months for her manslaughter.
Bridget Fitzgerald née Mulcahy (?-1838)
We were unable to locate baptismal or marriage records for Bridget Mulcahy and her husband Cornelius Fitzgerald. We know from the newspaper accounts, of Cornelius Fitzgerald’s trial for the manslaughter of his pregnant wife, that the couple were married about 1833. We were able to locate baptismal records for three children born to the couple: (1) James Fitzgerald was baptized on 10 November 1833; (2) Catherine Fitzgerald was baptized on 11 September 1836, and (3) Cornelius Fitzgerald was baptized on the 22 April 1838. All three of the children were baptized in the parish of Dungarvan, Co. Waterford. According to testimony at his father’s trial, Cornelius the youngest child, only lived 4 days. It is not known if either of Bridget’s other known children survived her.
Waterford Assizes July 1838
Some of the convictions of the Waterford Assizes of July 1838 are outlined below. There is a lot of concern today regarding violent crime, but it seems apparent that in 1838 society was very violent. In one month in Waterford there were two convictions for murder, one conviction for manslaughter and a conviction for what today would be an aggravated assault on an elderly man.
At the County Waterford Assizes at the end of July 1838, the following convictions were recorded: Cornelius Fitzgerald, for killing his wife, when in a state of pregnancy, was sentenced to 15 years’ transportation; John Fitzgerald, of Cappa, was convicted for harbouring and maintaining the notorious Connery’s, convicts and prison breakers; William Merman, carpenter, for the murder of his apprentice to be hanged the 4th of August; Martin Kelly, for shooting at, and grievously wounding the late Mr. John Keeffe (who was aged over 80); and John and Patrick Connery, goal breaking, were senteced to 15 years’ transportation (Kerry Evening Post, Wed. 25 July 1838, p. 1).
At the Waterford City Assizes, Andrew English was convicted of stealing sheep and sentenced to 15 years’ transportation. Thus, Cornelius Fitgerald received the same sentence for killing his wife as another man received who stole sheep and two other men received who broke out of prison. Lastly, Thomas McCarthy was convicted of the murder of his wife and sentenced to hang on the 4th of August (Waterford Mail, Sat. 21 July 1838 p. 3). Thomas Carthy (sic) was granted a “respite until further orders” for the murder of his wife. He was recommended to “mercy on account of imbecility of mind” (Waterford Mail, Sat. 4 August 1838, p. 2).
The Trial of Cornelus Fitzgerald
Although the results of his trial were reported widely, the details of the trial were only reported in two Waterford newspapers: The Waterford Mail (Sat. 21 July 1838, p. 2) and the Waterford Chronicle (Sat. 21 July 1838, p. 7). We shall utilise the slightly longer Waterford Mail and place any additional facts or information from the Waterford Chronicle in parentheses.
Cornelius Fitzgerald was put forward, charged with the manslaughter of his wife, Bridget Fitzgerald, at Windgap, on the 25th of March 1838.
The Testimony of Mary Keily/Keife
Mary Keily was sworn and examined by Counsellor Dixon. (The Chronicle reported that Mary Keife, not Keily, was sworn and examined through an interpreter, Mr. Dixon.) It seems likely that all the witnesses and probably the defendant only spoke Irish while the trial was conducted in English. However, the reference to an interpreter was only made regarding the testimony of Mary Keily/Keife.
Mary testified that she knew “the prisoner at the bar” for the last 20 years, and she knew his wife, Bridget Fitzgerald. She explained that the prisoner and his wife lived near her at Glenmore. She stated that the prisoner and his deceased wife were “5 years married.” Before her death the deceased “was in the family way.” Mary stated that Brigid died on “last Easter Monday.” Easter in 1838 fell on Sunday the 15th of April which suggests that Bridget Fitzgerald died on the 16th of April and did not die on the 25th of March as her husband was charged.
Mary testified that she often saw the prisoner strike his wife, but she did not see him strike her for some time before her death. Mary saw him kick his wife and beat her with a rope and an iron back band. Bridget Fitzgerald only lived a short time after her lying in. Mary saw bruises on Brigid on the Good Friday before her death. She also had a cut on her head and blood on it. Mary washed Bridget’s head twice (and both times there was blood in the water.) She saw Brigid’s black back only at the inquest.
Cross Examination of Mary Keily/Keife
Mr. Hassard conducted the cross examination. Mary stated that it was the prisoner that called her to attend his wife during her confinement. He did not go for Bridget’s mother although her mother had been with her the week before her death. The prisoner and a little boy went for the priest, but when the priest arrived Bridget was insensible. The child Brigid bore lived four days after his birth. Mary could not tell at what time Brigid was struck with the backband.
The Testimony of Mrs. Bridget Mulcahy
Bridget Mulcahy was sworn, and examined by Counsellor Scott, Q.C. Bridget testified that she was the mother of the deceased, and that she had been with the deceased a week before her death. When she arrived at the house she went into the room where her daughter was lying, and found her “like a beehive” at the foot the bed. Her daughter told her to look at her head, and “said that she did not consider the pain in her head to be compared with her back.” She told her mother that “she was killed on the Friday before Good Friday,” when struck with bellows that the prisoner threw at her. Her daughter went on to say that “the blood coming from her head made her heart break and that it was her husband that killed her.” Mrs. Mulcahy testified that her daughter was delivered before she died in the week after Good Friday. Mr. Hassard cross-examined this witness, “but nothing material was elicited.”
The Testimony of Doctor Travers
Dr. Travers was examined by Counsellor Porter, Q.C. Dr, Travers testified that he performed a post mortem on the deceased about a week to ten days after she was buried. (He could not recall the date in early May). He found there was an open wound on the head about one inch and quarter long. The wound might have been given the week before the examination. He noted that there was also blackness about the abdomen and on the back. Dr. Travers said “he rather thinks that the wound was occasioned by violence.”
He also stated that there were “no evident marks to occasion the death of the deceased.” While the wound on the head was open, a blow on the abdomen, or on the spine, would be of great injury to person in the state the woman was in. He did not find any coagulated blood on the wound on the head. The doctor opined that the injuries might have brought on premature labour. In the doctor’s opinion, from the state of the womb, the wounds would have caused death. (The Waterford Chronicle reported that the doctor stated that death was caused in his opinion “from all of the circumstances, was, that violence was the cause.”)
(In response to a question from a juror the doctor stated that he thought the injuries caused premature labour.)
The Cross Examination of Doctor Travers
Cross-examined by Mr. Hassard the doctor testified that the midwife could have a better knowledge of the state of the woman because he had not seen the body until seven or ten days after interment. (If he had seen the blackness on the body before burying, he might say that they were not the cause of violence.) (The doctor also stated that if two ignorant women had been attending a person in her confinement, it is not unlikely that there would be more danger in that case.) (In response to another question from a juror the doctor stated that he believed that the woman who attended as a midwife was not usually employed in that way.)
The Verdict & Sentence
The defence did not put forth any witnesses. Mr. Hassard addressed the jury on behalf of the prisoner (spoke to evidence, and said that the case was one of very considerable doubt at least. The learned gentlemen proceeded to speak at great length, and with much eloquence on the evidence. )
Mr. Hassard “dealt with the Crown Counsel with some severity for not having brought forward a person of the name of Shea who had been instrumental in ‘exciting’ the prosecution.” This “occasioned some warm expressions between him and Mr. Scott.” The matter was only settled when Mr. Scott explained “the cause for not bringing Shea forward.” The judge having charged the jury, they retired, and in few minutes found a verdict of guilty. (In contrast the Waterford Chronicle reported, the judge charged the jury at very considerable length, who retired for some time, and returned a verdict of guilty).
Cornelius Fitgerald was sentenced to be transported for 15 years.
Please send any corrections or additional information to glenmore.history@gmail.com.
The featured photo above is courtesy of wikimedia and depicts the 19th century connvict ship The Neptune. For further reading on transportation see generally, Allingham, “Transportation as Judicial Punishment in 19th Century Britain.”
Dr. Kathleen Moore Walsh